A design of raster plot for illustrating dynamic neuronal activity during deep brain stimulation_Journal of Biomedical Engineering

Authors：

HUANG Lu , WANG Zhaoxiang ,  FENG Zhouyan

Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P.R.China;

Corresponding author：

FENG Zhouyan, Email: fengzhouyan@139.com

Keywords：

high frequency stimulation; spike; raster plots; phase-locking; latency; dynamic response

DOI：

10.7507/1001-5515.201805016

Video：

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Deep brain stimulation (DBS), which usually utilizes high frequency stimulation (HFS) of electrical pulses, is effective for treating many brain disorders in clinic. Studying the dynamic response of downstream neurons to HFS and its time relationship with stimulus pulses can reveal important mechanisms of DBS and advance the development of new stimulation modes (e.g., closed-loop DBS). To exhibit the dynamic neuronal firing and its relationship with stimuli, we designed a two-dimensional raster plot to visualize neuronal activity during HFS (especially in the initial stage of HFS). Additionally, the influence of plot resolution on the visualization effect was investigated. The method was then validated by investigating the neuronal responses to the axonal HFS in the hippocampal CA1 region of rats. Results show that the new design of raster plot is able to illustrate the dynamics of indexes (such as phase-locked relationship and latency) of single unit activity (i.e., spikes) during periodic pulse stimulations. Furthermore, the plots can intuitively show changes of neuronal firing from the baseline before stimulation to the onset dynamics during stimulation, as well as other information including the silent period of spikes immediately following the end of HFS. In addition, by adjusting resolution, the raster plot can be adapted to a large range of firing rates for clear illustration of neuronal activity. The new raster plot can illustrate more information with a clearer image than a regular raster plot, and thereby provides a useful tool for studying neuronal behaviors during high-frequency stimulations in brain.

Citation： HUANG Lu, WANG Zhaoxiang, FENG Zhouyan. A design of raster plot for illustrating dynamic neuronal activity during deep brain stimulation. Journal of Biomedical Engineering, 2019, 36(2): 177-182. doi: 10.7507/1001-5515.201805016 Copy

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8.	Kuncel A M, Birdno M J, Swan B D, et al. Tremor reduction and modeled neural activity during cycling thalamic deep brain stimulation. Clin Neurophysiol, 2012, 123(5): 1044-1052.
9.	Chiken S, Nambu A. Mechanism of deep brain stimulation: inhibition, excitation, or disruption?. Neuroscientist, 2016, 22(3): 313-322.
10.	Rosenbaum R, Zimnik A, Zheng Fang, et al. Axonal and synaptic failure suppress the transfer of firing rate oscillations, synchrony and information during high frequency deep brain stimulation. Neurobiol Dis, 2014, 62: 86-99.
11.	Agnesi F, Connolly A T, Baker K B, et al. Deep brain stimulation imposes complex informational lesions. PLoS One, 2013, 8(8): e74462.
12.	Leblois A, Reese R, Labarre D, et al. Deep brain stimulation changes basal ganglia output nuclei firing pattern in the dystonic hamster. Neurobiol Dis, 2010, 38(2): 288-298.
13.	McConnell G C, So R Q, Hilliard J D, et al. Effective deep brain stimulation suppresses low-frequency network oscillations in the basal ganglia by regularizing neural firing patterns. J Neurosci, 2012, 32(45): 15657-15668.
14.	Agnesi F, Muralidharan A, Baker K B, et al. Fidelity of frequency and phase entrainment of circuit-level spike activity during DBS. J Neurophysiol, 2015, 114(2): 825-834.
15.	Feng Zhouyan, Zheng Xiaojing, Yu Ying, et al. Functional disconnection of axonal fibers generated by high frequency stimulation in the hippocampal CA1 region in-vivo. Brain Res, 2013, 1509: 32-42.
16.	Wallisch P, Lusignan M E, Benayoun M D, et al. MATLAB for neuroscientists: an introduction to scientific computing in MATLAB. 2nd ed. London: Elsevier, 2014: 550.
17.	朱玉芳, 封洲燕, 王兆祥, 等. 高频电刺激改变神经元锋电位的波形. 生物化学与生物物理进展, 2016, 43(8): 787-795.
18.	Feng Zhouyan, Wang Zhaoxiang, Guo Zheshan, et al. High frequency stimulation of afferent fibers generates asynchronous firing in the downstream neurons in hippocampus through partial block of axonal conduction. Brain Res, 2017, 1661: 67-78.
19.	Vinogradova O S, Brazhnik E S, Kitchigina V F, et al. Acetylcholine, theta-rhythm and activity of hippocampal neurons in the rabbit—Ⅳ. Sensory stimulation. Neuroscience, 1993, 53(4): 993-1007.
20.	Bellistri E, Aguilar J, Brotons-Mas J R, et al. Basic properties of somatosensory-evoked responses in the dorsal hippocampus of the rat. J Physiol, 2013, 591(10): 2667-2686.

1. Wichmann T, Delong M R. Deep brain stimulation for movement disorders of basal ganglia origin: restoring function or functionality?. Neurotherapeutics, 2016, 13(2): 264-283.
2. Udupa K, Chen R. The mechanisms of action of deep brain stimulation and ideas for the future development. Prog Neurobiol, 2015, 133: 27-49.
3. Florence G, Sameshima K, Fonoff E T, et al. Deep brain stimulation: more complex than the inhibition of cells and excitation of fibers. Neuroscientist, 2016, 22(4): 332-345.
4. Nowak L G, Bullier J A. But not cell bodies, are activated by electrical stimulation in cortical gray matter. Ⅱ. Evidence from selective inactivation of cell bodies and axon initial segments. Exp Brain Res, 1998, 118(4): 489-500.
5. Mcintyre C C, Grill W M, Sherman D L, et al. Cellular effects of deep brain stimulation: model-based analysis of activation and inhibition. J Neurophysiol, 2004, 91(4): 1457-1469.
6. Moran A, Stein E, Tischler H, et al. Dynamic stereotypic responses of basal ganglia neurons to subthalamic nucleus high-frequency stimulation in the parkinsonian primate. Front Syst Neurosci, 2011, 5: 21.
7. Erez Y, Czitron H, McCairn K, et al. Short-term depression of synaptic transmission during stimulation in the globus pallidus of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-treated primates. J Neurosci, 2009, 29(24): 7797-7802.
8. Kuncel A M, Birdno M J, Swan B D, et al. Tremor reduction and modeled neural activity during cycling thalamic deep brain stimulation. Clin Neurophysiol, 2012, 123(5): 1044-1052.
9. Chiken S, Nambu A. Mechanism of deep brain stimulation: inhibition, excitation, or disruption?. Neuroscientist, 2016, 22(3): 313-322.
10. Rosenbaum R, Zimnik A, Zheng Fang, et al. Axonal and synaptic failure suppress the transfer of firing rate oscillations, synchrony and information during high frequency deep brain stimulation. Neurobiol Dis, 2014, 62: 86-99.
11. Agnesi F, Connolly A T, Baker K B, et al. Deep brain stimulation imposes complex informational lesions. PLoS One, 2013, 8(8): e74462.
12. Leblois A, Reese R, Labarre D, et al. Deep brain stimulation changes basal ganglia output nuclei firing pattern in the dystonic hamster. Neurobiol Dis, 2010, 38(2): 288-298.
13. McConnell G C, So R Q, Hilliard J D, et al. Effective deep brain stimulation suppresses low-frequency network oscillations in the basal ganglia by regularizing neural firing patterns. J Neurosci, 2012, 32(45): 15657-15668.
14. Agnesi F, Muralidharan A, Baker K B, et al. Fidelity of frequency and phase entrainment of circuit-level spike activity during DBS. J Neurophysiol, 2015, 114(2): 825-834.
15. Feng Zhouyan, Zheng Xiaojing, Yu Ying, et al. Functional disconnection of axonal fibers generated by high frequency stimulation in the hippocampal CA1 region in-vivo. Brain Res, 2013, 1509: 32-42.
16. Wallisch P, Lusignan M E, Benayoun M D, et al. MATLAB for neuroscientists: an introduction to scientific computing in MATLAB. 2nd ed. London: Elsevier, 2014: 550.
17. 朱玉芳, 封洲燕, 王兆祥, 等. 高频电刺激改变神经元锋电位的波形. 生物化学与生物物理进展, 2016, 43(8): 787-795.
18. Feng Zhouyan, Wang Zhaoxiang, Guo Zheshan, et al. High frequency stimulation of afferent fibers generates asynchronous firing in the downstream neurons in hippocampus through partial block of axonal conduction. Brain Res, 2017, 1661: 67-78.
19. Vinogradova O S, Brazhnik E S, Kitchigina V F, et al. Acetylcholine, theta-rhythm and activity of hippocampal neurons in the rabbit—Ⅳ. Sensory stimulation. Neuroscience, 1993, 53(4): 993-1007.
20. Bellistri E, Aguilar J, Brotons-Mas J R, et al. Basic properties of somatosensory-evoked responses in the dorsal hippocampus of the rat. J Physiol, 2013, 591(10): 2667-2686.

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