Progress in modern medical treatment of hemifacial microsomia_West China Medical Journal

Authors：

LIU Yu ,  CEN Ying ,  LI Zhengyong

Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

CEN Ying, Email: cenying0141@163.com; LI Zhengyong, Email: 302992694@qq.com

Keywords：

Hemifacial microsomia; Microtia; Bone deformity; Soft tissue hypoplasia; Clinical therapy

DOI：

10.7507/1002-0179.202010290

Video：

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Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Hemifacial microsomia (HFM) is a developmental hypoplasia of one side of face and ear due to congenital hypoplasia. At present, the causes of HFM have not been completely clarified, the classification methods are diverse, and the diagnosis and treatment methods are complex. Through reviewing the relevant study on the treatment of HFM domestic and overseas in recent years, the possible etiology and corresponding clinical manifestations of the disease are analyzed, and the existing clinical classification methods, treatment strategies and latest research results are summarized.

Citation： LIU Yu, CEN Ying, LI Zhengyong. Progress in modern medical treatment of hemifacial microsomia. West China Medical Journal, 2021, 36(2): 265-270. doi: 10.7507/1002-0179.202010290 Copy

1.	Shimo T, Nishiyama A, Yoshioka N, et al. Installing an original sleeve for rod unaccessible pain from a distraction device in a hemifacial microsomia patient. Int J Surg Case Rep, 2015, 12: 137-139.
2.	Chen Q, Zhao Y, Shen G, et al. Etiology and pathogenesis of hemifacial microsomia. J Dent Res, 2018, 97(12): 1297-1305.
3.	徐家杰滕利, 靳小雷, 等. 颜面短小畸形的综合治疗. 中国美容医学, 2012, 21(13): 1709-1711.
4.	Brandstetter KA, Patel KG. Craniofacial microsomia. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am, 2016, 24(4): 495-515.
5.	Poswillo D. The pathogenesis of the first and second branchial arch syndrome. Oral Surgery, Oral Med Oral Pathol, 1973, 35(3): 302-328.
6.	Siebold B, Heike CL, Leroux BG, et al. Evaluation of prenatal diabetes mellitus and other risk factors for craniofacial microsomia. Birth Defects Res, 2019, 111(11): 649-658.
7.	Spineli-Silva S, Bispo LM, Gil-da-Silva-Lopes VL, et al. Distal deletion at 22q11.2 as differential diagnosis in craniofacial microsomia: case report and literature review. Eur J Med Genet, 2018, 61(5): 262-268.
8.	Renkema RW, Caron CJJM, Pauws E, et al. Extracraniofacial anomalies in craniofacial microsomia: retrospective analysis of 991 patients. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 2019, 48(9): 1169-1176.
9.	Santamaría E, Morales C, Taylor JA, et al. Mandibular microsurgical reconstruction in patients with hemifacial microsomia. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2008, 122(6): 1839-1849.
10.	David DJ, Mahatumarat C, Cooter RD. Hemifacial microsomia: a multisystem classification. Plast Reconstr Surg, 1987, 80(4): 525-535.
11.	Vento AR, LaBrie RA, Mulliken JB. The O. M. E. N. S. classification of hemifacial microsomia. Cleft Palate Craniofac J, 1991, 28(1): 68-76; discussion 77.
12.	Wink JD, Goldstein JA, Paliga JT, et al. The mandibular deformity in hemifacial microsomia: a reassessment of the pruzansky and kaban classification. Plastic Reconstr Surg, 2014, 133(2): 174e-181e.
13.	McCarthy JG, Schreiber J, Karp N, et al. Lengthening the human mandible by gradual distraction. Plast Reconstr Surg, 1992, 89(1): 1-8.
14.	Belcher RH, Phillips JD. Total facial nerve injury during mandibular distraction osteogenesis. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, 2020, 136: 110182.
15.	Wang X, Feng S, Tang X, et al. Incidents of mandibular distraction osteogenesis for hemifacial microsomia. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2018, 142(4): 1002-1008.
16.	Mehrotra D, Howladar D, Bhutia DP. Simultaneous maxillomandibular distraction osteogenesis in hemifacial microsomia: report of 7 cases. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res, 2017, 7(2): 147-152.
17.	Wang J, Yuan L, Liu J, et al. Hemifacial microsomia treated with a hybrid technique combining distraction osteogenesis and a mandible-guided functional appliance: pilot study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 2019, 155(6): 801-811.
18.	Xu X, Tang XJ, Zhang ZY, et al. Association of mandibular dysplasia with maxillary volumetric and linear measurements in children with hemifacial microsomia. J Craniofac Surg, 2020, 31(8): 2204-2207.
19.	Hirota Y, Ueda K, Katayama M, et al. Functional temporomandibular joint reconstruction in costochondral grafting of micrognathia. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open, 2018, 6(10): e1925.
20.	Tan A, Chai Y, Mooi W, et al. Computer-assisted surgery in therapeutic strategy distraction osteogenesis of hemifacial microsomia: accuracy and predictability. J CranioMaxilloFac Surg, 2019, 47(2): 204-218.
21.	Sun Y, Du W, Xu C, et al. Applications of computer-aided design/manufacturing technology in treatment of hemifacial microsomia. J Craniofac Surg, 2020, 31(4): 1133-1136.
22.	Kaban LB, Padwa BL, Mulliken JB. Surgical correction of mandibular hypoplasia in hemifacial microsomia: the case for treatment in early childhood. J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 1998, 56(5): 628-638.
23.	Denadai R, Raposo-Amaral CA, Buzzo CL, et al. Isolated autologous free fat grafting for management of facial contour asymmetry in a subset of growing patients with craniofacial microsomia. Ann Plast Surg, 2016, 76(3): 288-294.
24.	Tanna N, Broer PN, Roostaeian J, et al. Soft tissue correction of craniofacial microsomia and progressive hemifacial atrophy. J Craniofac Surg, 2012, 23(7 Suppl 1): 2024-2027.
25.	Abduch LSF, Rocha PBD, Nasser IJG, et al. Dermal-fat graft for facial contouring in patients with craniofacial microsomia. J Craniofac Surg, 2019, 30(7): 2134-2217.
26.	Battisti A, Cassoni AC, Bartoli D, et al. Microsurgical SCIA/SIEA flap for facial contour correction in patient with hemifacial microsomia. Ann ital chir, 2017, 88: S0003469X17026641.
27.	Sinclair N, Gharb BB, Papay F, et al. Soft tissue reconstruction in patients with hemifacial microsomia: a systematic review of the literature. J Craniofac Surg, 2019, 30(3): 879-887.
28.	Masden D, Baker S. A novel approach for correcting mandibular asymmetry with a combination of autologous fat and alloplastic implants. Aesthet Surg J, 2010, 30(4): 513-515.
29.	Yin HY, Wang C, Zhang ZY, et al. One-Year Relapse of mandibular distraction for hemifacial microsomia using masseteric botulinum toxin type A injections. J Craniofac Surg, 2018, 29(7): 1737-1741.
30.	Tanzer RC. Total reconstruction of the auricle: a 10-year report. Plast Reconstr Surg, 1967, 40(6): 547-550.
31.	Brent B. Microtia repair with rib cartilage grafts: a review of personal experience with 1000 cases. Clin plast surg, 2002, 29(2): 257-271.
32.	Nagata S. Modification of the stages in total reconstruction of the auricle: Part Ⅰ. Grafting the three-dimensional costal cartilage framework for lobule-type microtia. Plast Reconstr Surg, 1994, 93(2): 221-230.
33.	Nagata S. Modification of the stages in total reconstruction of the auricle: Part Ⅱ. Grafting the three-dimensional costal cartilage framework for concha-type microtia. Plast Reconstr Surg, 1994, 93(2): 231-242.
34.	Nagata S. Modification of the stages in total reconstruction of the auricle: Part Ⅲ. Grafting the three-dimensional costal cartilage framework for small concha-type microtia. Plast Reconstr Surg, 1994, 93(2): 243-253.
35.	Nagata S. Modification of the stages in total reconstruction of the auricle: Part Ⅳ. Ear elevation for the constructed auricle. Plast Reconstr Surg, 1994, 93(2): 254-266.
36.	何乐人, 杨庆华, 蒋海越, 等. 小耳畸形八大处法耳廓再造术—团队10年经验. 中华整形外科杂志, 2017, 33(增刊1): 28-33.
37.	Kim YS, Yun IS, Chung S. Salvage of ear framework exposure in total auricular reconstruction. Ann Plast Surg, 2017, 78(2): 178-183.
38.	Zhou G, Jiang H, Yin Z, et al. In vitro regeneration of patient-specific ear-shaped cartilage and its first clinical application for auricular reconstruction. EbioMedicine, 2018, 28: 287-302.
39.	Cohen BP, Bernstein JL, Morrison KA, et al. Tissue engineering the human auricle by auricular chondrocyte-mesenchymal stem cell co-implantation. PloS One, 2018, 13(10): e0202356.
40.	黄庆华, 杨斌. 3D打印技术在半侧颜面短小畸形治疗中的应用及研究进展. 中华医学美学美容杂志, 2020, 26(1): 73-75.
41.	Birgfeld C, Heike C. Craniofacial microsomia. Clin Plast Surg, 2019, 46(2): 207-221.

1. Shimo T, Nishiyama A, Yoshioka N, et al. Installing an original sleeve for rod unaccessible pain from a distraction device in a hemifacial microsomia patient. Int J Surg Case Rep, 2015, 12: 137-139.
2. Chen Q, Zhao Y, Shen G, et al. Etiology and pathogenesis of hemifacial microsomia. J Dent Res, 2018, 97(12): 1297-1305.
3. 徐家杰滕利, 靳小雷, 等. 颜面短小畸形的综合治疗. 中国美容医学, 2012, 21(13): 1709-1711.
4. Brandstetter KA, Patel KG. Craniofacial microsomia. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am, 2016, 24(4): 495-515.
5. Poswillo D. The pathogenesis of the first and second branchial arch syndrome. Oral Surgery, Oral Med Oral Pathol, 1973, 35(3): 302-328.
6. Siebold B, Heike CL, Leroux BG, et al. Evaluation of prenatal diabetes mellitus and other risk factors for craniofacial microsomia. Birth Defects Res, 2019, 111(11): 649-658.
7. Spineli-Silva S, Bispo LM, Gil-da-Silva-Lopes VL, et al. Distal deletion at 22q11.2 as differential diagnosis in craniofacial microsomia: case report and literature review. Eur J Med Genet, 2018, 61(5): 262-268.
8. Renkema RW, Caron CJJM, Pauws E, et al. Extracraniofacial anomalies in craniofacial microsomia: retrospective analysis of 991 patients. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 2019, 48(9): 1169-1176.
9. Santamaría E, Morales C, Taylor JA, et al. Mandibular microsurgical reconstruction in patients with hemifacial microsomia. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2008, 122(6): 1839-1849.
10. David DJ, Mahatumarat C, Cooter RD. Hemifacial microsomia: a multisystem classification. Plast Reconstr Surg, 1987, 80(4): 525-535.
11. Vento AR, LaBrie RA, Mulliken JB. The O. M. E. N. S. classification of hemifacial microsomia. Cleft Palate Craniofac J, 1991, 28(1): 68-76; discussion 77.
12. Wink JD, Goldstein JA, Paliga JT, et al. The mandibular deformity in hemifacial microsomia: a reassessment of the pruzansky and kaban classification. Plastic Reconstr Surg, 2014, 133(2): 174e-181e.
13. McCarthy JG, Schreiber J, Karp N, et al. Lengthening the human mandible by gradual distraction. Plast Reconstr Surg, 1992, 89(1): 1-8.
14. Belcher RH, Phillips JD. Total facial nerve injury during mandibular distraction osteogenesis. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, 2020, 136: 110182.
15. Wang X, Feng S, Tang X, et al. Incidents of mandibular distraction osteogenesis for hemifacial microsomia. Plast Reconstr Surg, 2018, 142(4): 1002-1008.
16. Mehrotra D, Howladar D, Bhutia DP. Simultaneous maxillomandibular distraction osteogenesis in hemifacial microsomia: report of 7 cases. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res, 2017, 7(2): 147-152.
17. Wang J, Yuan L, Liu J, et al. Hemifacial microsomia treated with a hybrid technique combining distraction osteogenesis and a mandible-guided functional appliance: pilot study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 2019, 155(6): 801-811.
18. Xu X, Tang XJ, Zhang ZY, et al. Association of mandibular dysplasia with maxillary volumetric and linear measurements in children with hemifacial microsomia. J Craniofac Surg, 2020, 31(8): 2204-2207.
19. Hirota Y, Ueda K, Katayama M, et al. Functional temporomandibular joint reconstruction in costochondral grafting of micrognathia. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open, 2018, 6(10): e1925.
20. Tan A, Chai Y, Mooi W, et al. Computer-assisted surgery in therapeutic strategy distraction osteogenesis of hemifacial microsomia: accuracy and predictability. J CranioMaxilloFac Surg, 2019, 47(2): 204-218.
21. Sun Y, Du W, Xu C, et al. Applications of computer-aided design/manufacturing technology in treatment of hemifacial microsomia. J Craniofac Surg, 2020, 31(4): 1133-1136.
22. Kaban LB, Padwa BL, Mulliken JB. Surgical correction of mandibular hypoplasia in hemifacial microsomia: the case for treatment in early childhood. J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 1998, 56(5): 628-638.
23. Denadai R, Raposo-Amaral CA, Buzzo CL, et al. Isolated autologous free fat grafting for management of facial contour asymmetry in a subset of growing patients with craniofacial microsomia. Ann Plast Surg, 2016, 76(3): 288-294.
24. Tanna N, Broer PN, Roostaeian J, et al. Soft tissue correction of craniofacial microsomia and progressive hemifacial atrophy. J Craniofac Surg, 2012, 23(7 Suppl 1): 2024-2027.
25. Abduch LSF, Rocha PBD, Nasser IJG, et al. Dermal-fat graft for facial contouring in patients with craniofacial microsomia. J Craniofac Surg, 2019, 30(7): 2134-2217.
26. Battisti A, Cassoni AC, Bartoli D, et al. Microsurgical SCIA/SIEA flap for facial contour correction in patient with hemifacial microsomia. Ann ital chir, 2017, 88: S0003469X17026641.
27. Sinclair N, Gharb BB, Papay F, et al. Soft tissue reconstruction in patients with hemifacial microsomia: a systematic review of the literature. J Craniofac Surg, 2019, 30(3): 879-887.
28. Masden D, Baker S. A novel approach for correcting mandibular asymmetry with a combination of autologous fat and alloplastic implants. Aesthet Surg J, 2010, 30(4): 513-515.
29. Yin HY, Wang C, Zhang ZY, et al. One-Year Relapse of mandibular distraction for hemifacial microsomia using masseteric botulinum toxin type A injections. J Craniofac Surg, 2018, 29(7): 1737-1741.
30. Tanzer RC. Total reconstruction of the auricle: a 10-year report. Plast Reconstr Surg, 1967, 40(6): 547-550.
31. Brent B. Microtia repair with rib cartilage grafts: a review of personal experience with 1000 cases. Clin plast surg, 2002, 29(2): 257-271.
32. Nagata S. Modification of the stages in total reconstruction of the auricle: Part Ⅰ. Grafting the three-dimensional costal cartilage framework for lobule-type microtia. Plast Reconstr Surg, 1994, 93(2): 221-230.
33. Nagata S. Modification of the stages in total reconstruction of the auricle: Part Ⅱ. Grafting the three-dimensional costal cartilage framework for concha-type microtia. Plast Reconstr Surg, 1994, 93(2): 231-242.
34. Nagata S. Modification of the stages in total reconstruction of the auricle: Part Ⅲ. Grafting the three-dimensional costal cartilage framework for small concha-type microtia. Plast Reconstr Surg, 1994, 93(2): 243-253.
35. Nagata S. Modification of the stages in total reconstruction of the auricle: Part Ⅳ. Ear elevation for the constructed auricle. Plast Reconstr Surg, 1994, 93(2): 254-266.
36. 何乐人, 杨庆华, 蒋海越, 等. 小耳畸形八大处法耳廓再造术—团队10年经验. 中华整形外科杂志, 2017, 33(增刊1): 28-33.
37. Kim YS, Yun IS, Chung S. Salvage of ear framework exposure in total auricular reconstruction. Ann Plast Surg, 2017, 78(2): 178-183.
38. Zhou G, Jiang H, Yin Z, et al. In vitro regeneration of patient-specific ear-shaped cartilage and its first clinical application for auricular reconstruction. EbioMedicine, 2018, 28: 287-302.
39. Cohen BP, Bernstein JL, Morrison KA, et al. Tissue engineering the human auricle by auricular chondrocyte-mesenchymal stem cell co-implantation. PloS One, 2018, 13(10): e0202356.
40. 黄庆华, 杨斌. 3D打印技术在半侧颜面短小畸形治疗中的应用及研究进展. 中华医学美学美容杂志, 2020, 26(1): 73-75.
41. Birgfeld C, Heike C. Craniofacial microsomia. Clin Plast Surg, 2019, 46(2): 207-221.

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