Detection of cerebral microinfarction and research progress of its correlation with patients with ischemic stroke_West China Medical Journal

Authors：

TAO Wendan ^1,2 , LIU Junfeng ^1,2 , WU Bo ^1,2 ,  LIU Ming ^1,2

1. Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China;
2. Cerebrovascular Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

LIU Ming, Email: wyplmh@hotmail.com

Keywords：

Cerebral microinfarcts; Magnetic resonance imaging; Stroke

DOI：

10.7507/1002-0179.202105011

Video：

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Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Cerebral microinfarcts are presumed to be a manifestation of ischemic cerebral small vessel disease. It is presumed to have close relationship with dementia and cerebrovascular disease. With the advancement of imaging technology, high-resolution MRI has been found to detect microinfarctions in vivo. Current studies have shown that cerebral microinfarctions are not only commonly in individuals with dementia and elderly with normal aging, but also in patients with ischemic stroke. Based on the recently published MRI studies of microinfarcts in ischemic stroke patients, this paper summarizes the detection rate, risk factors, etiology and prognosis of cerebral microinfarcts, and aims to provide new ideas for the formulation of prevention and treatment strategies of cerebral microinfarcts related brain damage in ischemic stroke patients.

Citation： TAO Wendan, LIU Junfeng, WU Bo, LIU Ming. Detection of cerebral microinfarction and research progress of its correlation with patients with ischemic stroke. West China Medical Journal, 2021, 36(6): 808-811. doi: 10.7507/1002-0179.202105011 Copy

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2.	Smith EE, Schneider JA, Wardlaw JM, et al. Cerebral microinfarcts: the invisible lesions. Lancet Neurol, 2012, 11(3): 272-282.
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5.	van Veluw SJ, Zwanenburg JJ, Engelen-Lee J, et al. In vivo detection of cerebral cortical microinfarcts with high-resolution 7T MRI. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab, 2013, 33(3): 322-329.
6.	van Veluw SJ, Zwanenburg JJ, Rozemuller AJ, et al. The spectrum of MR detectable cortical microinfarcts: a classification study with 7-tesla postmortem MRI and histopathology. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab, 2015, 35(4): 676-683.
7.	van Dalen JW, Scuric EE, van Veluw SJ, et al. Cortical microinfarcts detected in vivo on 3 Tesla MRI: clinical and radiological correlates. Stroke, 2015, 46(1): 255-257.
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12.	Wang Z, van Veluw SJ, Wong A, et al. Risk factors and cognitive relevance of cortical cerebral microinfarcts in patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack. Stroke, 2016, 47(10): 2450-2455.
13.	Ferro DA, van den Brink H, Exalto LG, et al. Clinical relevance of acute cerebral microinfarcts in vascular cognitive impairment. Neurology, 2019, 92(14): e1558-e1566.
14.	Oliveira-Filho J, Ay H, Shoamanesh A, et al. Incidence and etiology of microinfarcts in patients with ischemic stroke. J Neuroimaging, 2018, 28(4): 406-411.
15.	Wardlaw JM, Smith EE, Biessels GJ, et al. Neuroimaging standards for research into small vessel disease and its contribution to ageing and neurodegeneration. Lancet Neurol, 2013, 12(8): 822-838.
16.	van Veluw SJ, Hilal S, Kuijf HJ, et al. Cortical microinfarcts on 3T MRI: clinical correlates in memory-clinic patients. Alzheimers Dement, 2015, 11(12): 1500-1509.
17.	van Veluw SJ, Charidimou A, van der Kouwe AJ, et al. Microbleed and microinfarct detection in amyloid angiopathy: a high-resolution MRI-histopathology study. Brain, 2016, 139(Pt 12): 3151-3162.
18.	Fu R, Wang Y, Wang Y, et al. The development of cortical microinfarcts is associated with intracranial atherosclerosis: data from the Chinese Intracranial Atherosclerosis Study. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis, 2015, 24(11): 2447-2454.
19.	Leng X, Fang H, Pu Y, et al. Cortical microinfarcts in patients with middle cerebral artery stenosis. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis, 2017, 26(8): 1760-1765.
20.	Wei Y, Pu Y, Pan Y, et al. Cortical microinfarcts associated with worse outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke receiving endovascular treatment. Stroke, 2020, 51(9): 2742-2751.
21.	Sagnier S, Okubo G, Catheline G, et al. Chronic cortical cerebral microinfarcts slow down cognitive recovery after acute ischemic stroke. Stroke, 2019, 50(6): 1430-1436.
22.	Zheng L, Vinters HV, Mack WJ, et al. Cerebral atherosclerosis is associated with cystic infarcts and microinfarcts but not Alzheimer pathologic changes. Stroke, 2013, 44(10): 2835-2841.
23.	Udompanich S, Lip GY, Apostolakis S, et al. Atrial fibrillation as a risk factor for cognitive impairment: a semi-systematic review. QJM, 2013, 106(9): 795-802.
24.	Okamoto Y, Yamamoto T, Kalaria RN, et al. Cerebral hypoperfusion accelerates cerebral amyloid angiopathy and promotes cortical microinfarcts. Acta Neuropathol, 2012, 123(3): 381-394.
25.	Ferro DA, van Veluw SJ, Koek HL, et al. Cortical cerebral microinfarcts on 3 Tesla MRI in patients with vascular cognitive impairment. J Alzheimers Dis, 2017, 60(4): 1443-1450.
26.	Summers PM, Hartmann DA, Hui ES, et al. Functional deficits induced by cortical microinfarcts. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab, 2017, 37(11): 3599-3614.
27.	Shih AY, Blinder P, Tsai PS, et al. The smallest stroke: occlusion of one penetrating vessel leads to infarction and a cognitive deficit. Nat Neurosci, 2013, 16(1): 55-63.
28.	Ter Telgte A, van Leijsen EMC, Wiegertjes K, et al. Cerebral small vessel disease: from a focal to a global perspective. Nat Rev Neurol, 2018, 14(7): 387-398.

1. 蔚洪恩, 于欣. 脑微梗死的研究进展. 中国卒中杂志, 2018, 13(4): 409-414.
2. Smith EE, Schneider JA, Wardlaw JM, et al. Cerebral microinfarcts: the invisible lesions. Lancet Neurol, 2012, 11(3): 272-282.
3. Zanon Zotin MC, Sveikata L, Viswanathan A, et al. Cerebral small vessel disease and vascular cognitive impairment: from diagnosis to management. Curr Opin Neurol, 2021, 34(2): 246-257.
4. Brundel M, de Bresser J, van Dillen JJ, et al. Cerebral microinfarcts: a systematic review of neuropathological studies. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab, 2012, 32(3): 425-436.
5. van Veluw SJ, Zwanenburg JJ, Engelen-Lee J, et al. In vivo detection of cerebral cortical microinfarcts with high-resolution 7T MRI. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab, 2013, 33(3): 322-329.
6. van Veluw SJ, Zwanenburg JJ, Rozemuller AJ, et al. The spectrum of MR detectable cortical microinfarcts: a classification study with 7-tesla postmortem MRI and histopathology. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab, 2015, 35(4): 676-683.
7. van Dalen JW, Scuric EE, van Veluw SJ, et al. Cortical microinfarcts detected in vivo on 3 Tesla MRI: clinical and radiological correlates. Stroke, 2015, 46(1): 255-257.
8. Hilal S, Sikking E, Shaik MA, et al. Cortical cerebral microinfarcts on 3T MRI: a novel marker of cerebrovascular disease. Neurology, 2016, 87(15): 1583-1590.
9. van Veluw SJ, Shih AY, Smith EE, et al. Detection, risk factors, and functional consequences of cerebral microinfarcts. Lancet Neurol, 2017, 16(9): 730-740.
10. Westover MB, Bianchi MT, Yang C, et al. Estimating cerebral microinfarct burden from autopsy samples. Neurology, 2013, 80(15): 1365-1369.
11. Lansberg MG, Thijs VN, O’Brien MW, et al. Evolution of apparent diffusion coefficient, diffusion-weighted, and T2-weighted signal intensity of acute stroke. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, 2001, 22(4): 637-644.
12. Wang Z, van Veluw SJ, Wong A, et al. Risk factors and cognitive relevance of cortical cerebral microinfarcts in patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack. Stroke, 2016, 47(10): 2450-2455.
13. Ferro DA, van den Brink H, Exalto LG, et al. Clinical relevance of acute cerebral microinfarcts in vascular cognitive impairment. Neurology, 2019, 92(14): e1558-e1566.
14. Oliveira-Filho J, Ay H, Shoamanesh A, et al. Incidence and etiology of microinfarcts in patients with ischemic stroke. J Neuroimaging, 2018, 28(4): 406-411.
15. Wardlaw JM, Smith EE, Biessels GJ, et al. Neuroimaging standards for research into small vessel disease and its contribution to ageing and neurodegeneration. Lancet Neurol, 2013, 12(8): 822-838.
16. van Veluw SJ, Hilal S, Kuijf HJ, et al. Cortical microinfarcts on 3T MRI: clinical correlates in memory-clinic patients. Alzheimers Dement, 2015, 11(12): 1500-1509.
17. van Veluw SJ, Charidimou A, van der Kouwe AJ, et al. Microbleed and microinfarct detection in amyloid angiopathy: a high-resolution MRI-histopathology study. Brain, 2016, 139(Pt 12): 3151-3162.
18. Fu R, Wang Y, Wang Y, et al. The development of cortical microinfarcts is associated with intracranial atherosclerosis: data from the Chinese Intracranial Atherosclerosis Study. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis, 2015, 24(11): 2447-2454.
19. Leng X, Fang H, Pu Y, et al. Cortical microinfarcts in patients with middle cerebral artery stenosis. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis, 2017, 26(8): 1760-1765.
20. Wei Y, Pu Y, Pan Y, et al. Cortical microinfarcts associated with worse outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke receiving endovascular treatment. Stroke, 2020, 51(9): 2742-2751.
21. Sagnier S, Okubo G, Catheline G, et al. Chronic cortical cerebral microinfarcts slow down cognitive recovery after acute ischemic stroke. Stroke, 2019, 50(6): 1430-1436.
22. Zheng L, Vinters HV, Mack WJ, et al. Cerebral atherosclerosis is associated with cystic infarcts and microinfarcts but not Alzheimer pathologic changes. Stroke, 2013, 44(10): 2835-2841.
23. Udompanich S, Lip GY, Apostolakis S, et al. Atrial fibrillation as a risk factor for cognitive impairment: a semi-systematic review. QJM, 2013, 106(9): 795-802.
24. Okamoto Y, Yamamoto T, Kalaria RN, et al. Cerebral hypoperfusion accelerates cerebral amyloid angiopathy and promotes cortical microinfarcts. Acta Neuropathol, 2012, 123(3): 381-394.
25. Ferro DA, van Veluw SJ, Koek HL, et al. Cortical cerebral microinfarcts on 3 Tesla MRI in patients with vascular cognitive impairment. J Alzheimers Dis, 2017, 60(4): 1443-1450.
26. Summers PM, Hartmann DA, Hui ES, et al. Functional deficits induced by cortical microinfarcts. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab, 2017, 37(11): 3599-3614.
27. Shih AY, Blinder P, Tsai PS, et al. The smallest stroke: occlusion of one penetrating vessel leads to infarction and a cognitive deficit. Nat Neurosci, 2013, 16(1): 55-63.
28. Ter Telgte A, van Leijsen EMC, Wiegertjes K, et al. Cerebral small vessel disease: from a focal to a global perspective. Nat Rev Neurol, 2018, 14(7): 387-398.

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