Factors affecting the prognosis of immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy: a review_West China Medical Journal

Authors：

ZHU Chunyan ¹ ,  TAN Song ^2,3

1. School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610054, P. R. China;
2. Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P. R. China;
3. Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

TAN Song, Email: tansong@med.uestc.edu.cn

Keywords：

Immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy; signal recognition particle; 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase; prognostic factors

DOI：

10.7507/1002-0179.202303210

Video：

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Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM) is a rare type of autoimmune inflammatory myopathy, which can be divided into anti-signal recognition particle antibody positive IMNM, anti-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase antibody positive IMNM and serum antibody negative IMNM according to different autoantibodies. The prognosis of IMNM is worse than that of most other types of myositis. At present, there are differences in the studies of prognostic factors of IMNM at home and abroad, and there is a lack of large-scale clinical studies. This article will review the prognostic factors of IMNM.

Citation： ZHU Chunyan, TAN Song. Factors affecting the prognosis of immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy: a review. West China Medical Journal, 2023, 38(5): 743-748. doi: 10.7507/1002-0179.202303210 Copy

1.	Hoogendijk JE, Amato AA, Lecky BR, et al. 1119th ENMC international workshop: trial design in adult idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, with the exception of inclusion body myositis, 10-12 October 2003, Naarden, The Netherlands. Neuromuscul Disord, 2004, 14(5): 337-345.
2.	Suzuki S, Hayashi YK, Kuwana M, et al. Myopathy associated with antibodies to signal recognition particle: disease progression and neurological outcome. Arch Neurol, 2012, 69(6): 728-732.
3.	Targoff IN, Johnson AE, Miller FW. Antibody to signal recognition particle in polymyositis. Arthritis Rheum, 1990, 33(9): 1361-1370.
4.	Watanabe Y, Uruha A, Suzuki S, et al. Clinical features and prognosis in anti-SRP and anti-HMGCR necrotising myopathy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 2016, 87(10): 1038-1044.
5.	Amato AA, Greenberg SA. Inflammatory myopathies. Continuum (Minneap Minn), 2013, 19(6): 1615-1633.
6.	Dalakas MC. Inflammatory muscle diseases. N Engl J Med, 2015, 372(18): 1734-1747.
7.	Shelly S, Mielke MM, Paul P, et al. Incidence and prevalence of immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy in adults in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Muscle Nerve, 2022, 65(5): 541-546.
8.	Klein M, Mann H, Pleštilová L, et al. Increasing incidence of immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy: single-centre experience. Rheumatology (Oxford), 2015, 54(11): 2010-2014.
9.	Prieto-Peña D, Ocejo-Vinyals JG, Mazariegos-Cano J, et al. Epidemiological and genetic features of anti-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase necrotizing myopathy: single-center experience and literature review. Eur J Intern Med, 2022, 101: 86-92.
10.	Vencovský J. Immune mediated necrotizing myopathy associated with statin treatment. Cas Lek Cesk, 2016, 155(6): 319-323.
11.	Allenbach Y, Mammen AL, Benveniste O, et al. 224th ENMC International Workshop: clinico-sero-pathological classification of immune-mediated necrotizing myopathies zandvoort, the Netherlands, 14-16 October 2016. Neuromuscul Disord, 2018, 28(1): 87-99.
12.	Suzuki S, Nishikawa A, Kuwana M, et al. Inflammatory myopathy with anti-signal recognition particle antibodies: case series of 100 patients. Orphanet J Rare Dis, 2015, 10: 61.
13.	Tiniakou E, Pinal-Fernandez I, Lloyd TE, et al. More severe disease and slower recovery in younger patients with anti-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase-associated autoimmune myopathy. Rheumatology (Oxford), 2017, 56(5): 787-794.
14.	Pinal-Fernandez I, Mammen AL. Spectrum of immune-mediated necrotizing myopathies and their treatments. Curr Opin Rheumatol, 2016, 28(6): 619-624.
15.	Pinal-Fernandez I, Parks C, Werner JL, et al. Longitudinal course of disease in a large cohort of myositis patients with autoantibodies recognizing the signal recognition particle. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken), 2017, 69(2): 263-270.
16.	Kurashige T. Anti-HMGCR myopathy: clinical and histopathological features, and prognosis. Curr Opin Rheumatol, 2021, 33(6): 554-562.
17.	Allenbach Y, Arouche-Delaperche L, Preusse C, et al. Necrosis in anti-SRP⁺ and anti-HMGCR⁺myopathies: role of autoantibodies and complement. Neurology, 2018, 90(6): e507-e517.
18.	Allenbach Y, Keraen J, Bouvier AM, et al. High risk of cancer in autoimmune necrotizing myopathies: usefulness of myositis specific antibody. Brain, 2016, 139(8): 2131-2135.
19.	Benveniste O, Drouot L, Jouen F, et al. Correlation of anti-signal recognition particle autoantibody levels with creatine kinase activity in patients with necrotizing myopathy. Arthritis Rheum, 2011, 63(7): 1961-1971.
20.	Werner JL, Christopher-Stine L, Ghazarian SR, et al. Antibody levels correlate with creatine kinase levels and strength in anti-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase-associated autoimmune myopathy. Arthritis Rheum, 2012, 64(12): 4087-4093.
21.	Pinal-Fernandez I, Casal-Dominguez M, Mammen AL. Immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy. Curr Rheumatol Rep, 2018, 20(4): 21.
22.	Fionda L, Lauletta A, Leonardi L, et al. Muscle MRI in immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM): implications for clinical management and treatment strategies. J Neurol, 2023, 270(2): 960-974.
23.	Zheng Y, Liu L, Wang L, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging changes of thigh muscles in myopathy with antibodies to signal recognition particle. Rheumatology (Oxford), 2015, 54(6): 1017-1024.
24.	Pinal-Fernandez I, Casal-Dominguez M, Carrino JA, et al. Thigh muscle MRI in immune-mediated necrotising myopathy: extensive oedema, early muscle damage and role of anti-SRP autoantibodies as a marker of severity. Ann Rheum Dis, 2017, 76(4): 681-687.
25.	乔凌亚, 石强, 蔺颖, 等. 免疫介导坏死性肌病患者临床、股部磁共振及电生理特征分析. 中华内科杂志, 2022, 61(10): 1144-1151.
26.	Anquetil C, Boyer O, Wesner N, et al. Myositis-specific autoantibodies, a cornerstone in immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy. Autoimmun Rev, 2019, 18(3): 223-230.
27.	Benveniste O, Stenzel W, Allenbach Y. Advances in serological diagnostics of inflammatory myopathies. Curr Opin Neurol, 2016, 29(5): 662-673.
28.	Allenbach Y, Benveniste O, Stenzel W, et al. Immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy: clinical features and pathogenesis. Nat Rev Rheumatol, 2020, 16(12): 689-701.
29.	Wang L, Liu L, Hao H, et al. Myopathy with anti-signal recognition particle antibodies: clinical and histopathological features in Chinese patients. Neuromuscul Disord, 2014, 24(4): 335-341.
30.	Bergua C, Chiavelli H, Allenbach Y, et al. In vivo pathogenicity of IgG from patients with anti-SRP or anti-HMGCR autoantibodies in immune-mediated necrotising myopathy. Ann Rheum Dis, 2019, 78(1): 131-139.
31.	Ma X, Xu L, Li Y, et al. Immunotherapy reversed myopathy but not cardiomyopathy in a necrotizing autoimmune myopathy patient with positive anti-SRP and MDA-5 autoantibodies. BMC Cardiovasc Disord, 2021, 21(1): 88.
32.	Hara A, Amano R, Yokote H, et al. Secondary cardiac involvement in anti-SRP-antibody-positive myopathy: an 87-year-old woman with heart failure symptoms as the first clinical presentation. BMC Neurol, 2020, 20(1): 29.
33.	Takeguchi-Kikuchi S, Hayasaka T, Katayama T, et al. Anti-signal recognition particle antibody-positive necrotizing myopathy with secondary cardiomyopathy: the first myocardial biopsy- and multimodal imaging-proven case. Intern Med, 2019, 58(21): 3189-3194.
34.	Allenbach Y, Drouot L, Rigolet A, et al. Anti-HMGCR autoantibodies in European patients with autoimmune necrotizing myopathies: inconstant exposure to statin. Medicine (Baltimore), 2014, 93(3): 150-157.
35.	Thiébaut M, Terrier B, Menacer S, et al. Antisignal recognition particle antibodies-related cardiomyopathy. Circulation, 2013, 127(5): e434-e436.
36.	Mavrogeni S, Sfikakis PP, Dimitroulas T, et al. Cardiac and muscular involvement in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: noninvasive diagnostic assessment and the role of cardiovascular and skeletal magnetic resonance imaging. Inflamm Allergy Drug Targets, 2014, 13(3): 206-216.
37.	Hou Y, Shao K, Yan Y, et al. Anti-HMGCR myopathy overlaps with dermatomyositis-like rash: a distinct subtype of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy. J Neurol, 2022, 269(1): 280-293.
38.	Williams B, Horn MP, Banz Y, et. al. Cutaneous involvement in anti-HMGCR positive necrotizing myopathy. J Autoimmun, 2021, 123: 102691.
39.	Arouche-Delaperche L, Allenbach Y, Amelin D, et al. Pathogenic role of anti-signal recognition protein and anti-3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase antibodies in necrotizing myopathies: myofiber atrophy and impairment of muscle regeneration in necrotizing autoimmune myopathies. Ann Neurol, 2017, 81(4): 538-548.
40.	Ladislau L, Arouche-Delaperche L, Allenbach Y, et al. Potential pathogenic role of anti-signal recognition protein and anti-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase antibodies in immune-mediated necrotizing myopathies. Curr Rheumatol Rep, 2018, 20(9): 56.
41.	Lim J, Rietveld A, De Bleecker JL, et al. Seronegative patients form a distinctive subgroup of immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm, 2018, 6(1): e513.
42.	Ma X, Xu L, Ji S, et al. The clinicopathological distinction between seropositive and seronegative immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy in China. Front Neurol, 2021, 12: 670784.
43.	Schmidt J. Current classification and management of inflammatory myopathies. J Neuromuscul Dis, 2018, 5(2): 109-129.
44.	Kassardjian CD, Lennon VA, Alfugham NB, et al. Clinical features and treatment outcomes of necrotizing autoimmune myopathy. JAMA Neurol, 2015, 72(9): 996-1003.
45.	Meyer A, Troyanov Y, Drouin J, et al. Statin-induced anti-HMGCR myopathy: successful therapeutic strategies for corticosteroid-free remission in 55 patients. Arthritis Res Ther, 2020, 22(1): 5.
46.	梁惠玉, 卢家红. 免疫抑制剂在特发性炎性肌病治疗中的应用. 上海医药, 2016, 37(1): 21-24.
47.	彭丽萍, 万月华, 李坤鹏, 等. 免疫介导的坏死性肌病的临床特征及治疗策略研究. 解放军医学院学报, 2022, 43(8): 835-839, 844.
48.	Ramanathan S, Langguth D, Hardy TA, et al. Clinical course and treatment of anti-HMGCR antibody-associated necrotizing autoimmune myopathy. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm, 2015, 2(3): e96.
49.	Gordon PA, Winer JB, Hoogendijk JE, et al. Immunosuppressant and immunomodulatory treatment for dermatomyositis and polymyositis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2012, 2012(8): CD003643.
50.	Mammen AL, Tiniakou E. Intravenous immune globulin for statin-triggered autoimmune myopathy. N Engl J Med, 2015, 373(17): 1680-1682.
51.	季苏琼, 李悦, 徐丽, 等. 肌钙蛋白对于免疫介导的坏死性肌病合并心脏损伤患者的意义. 神经损伤与功能重建, 2020, 15(4): 201-203, 206.

1. Hoogendijk JE, Amato AA, Lecky BR, et al. 1119th ENMC international workshop: trial design in adult idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, with the exception of inclusion body myositis, 10-12 October 2003, Naarden, The Netherlands. Neuromuscul Disord, 2004, 14(5): 337-345.
2. Suzuki S, Hayashi YK, Kuwana M, et al. Myopathy associated with antibodies to signal recognition particle: disease progression and neurological outcome. Arch Neurol, 2012, 69(6): 728-732.
3. Targoff IN, Johnson AE, Miller FW. Antibody to signal recognition particle in polymyositis. Arthritis Rheum, 1990, 33(9): 1361-1370.
4. Watanabe Y, Uruha A, Suzuki S, et al. Clinical features and prognosis in anti-SRP and anti-HMGCR necrotising myopathy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 2016, 87(10): 1038-1044.
5. Amato AA, Greenberg SA. Inflammatory myopathies. Continuum (Minneap Minn), 2013, 19(6): 1615-1633.
6. Dalakas MC. Inflammatory muscle diseases. N Engl J Med, 2015, 372(18): 1734-1747.
7. Shelly S, Mielke MM, Paul P, et al. Incidence and prevalence of immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy in adults in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Muscle Nerve, 2022, 65(5): 541-546.
8. Klein M, Mann H, Pleštilová L, et al. Increasing incidence of immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy: single-centre experience. Rheumatology (Oxford), 2015, 54(11): 2010-2014.
9. Prieto-Peña D, Ocejo-Vinyals JG, Mazariegos-Cano J, et al. Epidemiological and genetic features of anti-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase necrotizing myopathy: single-center experience and literature review. Eur J Intern Med, 2022, 101: 86-92.
10. Vencovský J. Immune mediated necrotizing myopathy associated with statin treatment. Cas Lek Cesk, 2016, 155(6): 319-323.
11. Allenbach Y, Mammen AL, Benveniste O, et al. 224th ENMC International Workshop: clinico-sero-pathological classification of immune-mediated necrotizing myopathies zandvoort, the Netherlands, 14-16 October 2016. Neuromuscul Disord, 2018, 28(1): 87-99.
12. Suzuki S, Nishikawa A, Kuwana M, et al. Inflammatory myopathy with anti-signal recognition particle antibodies: case series of 100 patients. Orphanet J Rare Dis, 2015, 10: 61.
13. Tiniakou E, Pinal-Fernandez I, Lloyd TE, et al. More severe disease and slower recovery in younger patients with anti-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase-associated autoimmune myopathy. Rheumatology (Oxford), 2017, 56(5): 787-794.
14. Pinal-Fernandez I, Mammen AL. Spectrum of immune-mediated necrotizing myopathies and their treatments. Curr Opin Rheumatol, 2016, 28(6): 619-624.
15. Pinal-Fernandez I, Parks C, Werner JL, et al. Longitudinal course of disease in a large cohort of myositis patients with autoantibodies recognizing the signal recognition particle. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken), 2017, 69(2): 263-270.
16. Kurashige T. Anti-HMGCR myopathy: clinical and histopathological features, and prognosis. Curr Opin Rheumatol, 2021, 33(6): 554-562.
17. Allenbach Y, Arouche-Delaperche L, Preusse C, et al. Necrosis in anti-SRP⁺ and anti-HMGCR⁺myopathies: role of autoantibodies and complement. Neurology, 2018, 90(6): e507-e517.
18. Allenbach Y, Keraen J, Bouvier AM, et al. High risk of cancer in autoimmune necrotizing myopathies: usefulness of myositis specific antibody. Brain, 2016, 139(8): 2131-2135.
19. Benveniste O, Drouot L, Jouen F, et al. Correlation of anti-signal recognition particle autoantibody levels with creatine kinase activity in patients with necrotizing myopathy. Arthritis Rheum, 2011, 63(7): 1961-1971.
20. Werner JL, Christopher-Stine L, Ghazarian SR, et al. Antibody levels correlate with creatine kinase levels and strength in anti-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase-associated autoimmune myopathy. Arthritis Rheum, 2012, 64(12): 4087-4093.
21. Pinal-Fernandez I, Casal-Dominguez M, Mammen AL. Immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy. Curr Rheumatol Rep, 2018, 20(4): 21.
22. Fionda L, Lauletta A, Leonardi L, et al. Muscle MRI in immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM): implications for clinical management and treatment strategies. J Neurol, 2023, 270(2): 960-974.
23. Zheng Y, Liu L, Wang L, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging changes of thigh muscles in myopathy with antibodies to signal recognition particle. Rheumatology (Oxford), 2015, 54(6): 1017-1024.
24. Pinal-Fernandez I, Casal-Dominguez M, Carrino JA, et al. Thigh muscle MRI in immune-mediated necrotising myopathy: extensive oedema, early muscle damage and role of anti-SRP autoantibodies as a marker of severity. Ann Rheum Dis, 2017, 76(4): 681-687.
25. 乔凌亚, 石强, 蔺颖, 等. 免疫介导坏死性肌病患者临床、股部磁共振及电生理特征分析. 中华内科杂志, 2022, 61(10): 1144-1151.
26. Anquetil C, Boyer O, Wesner N, et al. Myositis-specific autoantibodies, a cornerstone in immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy. Autoimmun Rev, 2019, 18(3): 223-230.
27. Benveniste O, Stenzel W, Allenbach Y. Advances in serological diagnostics of inflammatory myopathies. Curr Opin Neurol, 2016, 29(5): 662-673.
28. Allenbach Y, Benveniste O, Stenzel W, et al. Immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy: clinical features and pathogenesis. Nat Rev Rheumatol, 2020, 16(12): 689-701.
29. Wang L, Liu L, Hao H, et al. Myopathy with anti-signal recognition particle antibodies: clinical and histopathological features in Chinese patients. Neuromuscul Disord, 2014, 24(4): 335-341.
30. Bergua C, Chiavelli H, Allenbach Y, et al. In vivo pathogenicity of IgG from patients with anti-SRP or anti-HMGCR autoantibodies in immune-mediated necrotising myopathy. Ann Rheum Dis, 2019, 78(1): 131-139.
31. Ma X, Xu L, Li Y, et al. Immunotherapy reversed myopathy but not cardiomyopathy in a necrotizing autoimmune myopathy patient with positive anti-SRP and MDA-5 autoantibodies. BMC Cardiovasc Disord, 2021, 21(1): 88.
32. Hara A, Amano R, Yokote H, et al. Secondary cardiac involvement in anti-SRP-antibody-positive myopathy: an 87-year-old woman with heart failure symptoms as the first clinical presentation. BMC Neurol, 2020, 20(1): 29.
33. Takeguchi-Kikuchi S, Hayasaka T, Katayama T, et al. Anti-signal recognition particle antibody-positive necrotizing myopathy with secondary cardiomyopathy: the first myocardial biopsy- and multimodal imaging-proven case. Intern Med, 2019, 58(21): 3189-3194.
34. Allenbach Y, Drouot L, Rigolet A, et al. Anti-HMGCR autoantibodies in European patients with autoimmune necrotizing myopathies: inconstant exposure to statin. Medicine (Baltimore), 2014, 93(3): 150-157.
35. Thiébaut M, Terrier B, Menacer S, et al. Antisignal recognition particle antibodies-related cardiomyopathy. Circulation, 2013, 127(5): e434-e436.
36. Mavrogeni S, Sfikakis PP, Dimitroulas T, et al. Cardiac and muscular involvement in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: noninvasive diagnostic assessment and the role of cardiovascular and skeletal magnetic resonance imaging. Inflamm Allergy Drug Targets, 2014, 13(3): 206-216.
37. Hou Y, Shao K, Yan Y, et al. Anti-HMGCR myopathy overlaps with dermatomyositis-like rash: a distinct subtype of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy. J Neurol, 2022, 269(1): 280-293.
38. Williams B, Horn MP, Banz Y, et. al. Cutaneous involvement in anti-HMGCR positive necrotizing myopathy. J Autoimmun, 2021, 123: 102691.
39. Arouche-Delaperche L, Allenbach Y, Amelin D, et al. Pathogenic role of anti-signal recognition protein and anti-3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase antibodies in necrotizing myopathies: myofiber atrophy and impairment of muscle regeneration in necrotizing autoimmune myopathies. Ann Neurol, 2017, 81(4): 538-548.
40. Ladislau L, Arouche-Delaperche L, Allenbach Y, et al. Potential pathogenic role of anti-signal recognition protein and anti-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase antibodies in immune-mediated necrotizing myopathies. Curr Rheumatol Rep, 2018, 20(9): 56.
41. Lim J, Rietveld A, De Bleecker JL, et al. Seronegative patients form a distinctive subgroup of immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm, 2018, 6(1): e513.
42. Ma X, Xu L, Ji S, et al. The clinicopathological distinction between seropositive and seronegative immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy in China. Front Neurol, 2021, 12: 670784.
43. Schmidt J. Current classification and management of inflammatory myopathies. J Neuromuscul Dis, 2018, 5(2): 109-129.
44. Kassardjian CD, Lennon VA, Alfugham NB, et al. Clinical features and treatment outcomes of necrotizing autoimmune myopathy. JAMA Neurol, 2015, 72(9): 996-1003.
45. Meyer A, Troyanov Y, Drouin J, et al. Statin-induced anti-HMGCR myopathy: successful therapeutic strategies for corticosteroid-free remission in 55 patients. Arthritis Res Ther, 2020, 22(1): 5.
46. 梁惠玉, 卢家红. 免疫抑制剂在特发性炎性肌病治疗中的应用. 上海医药, 2016, 37(1): 21-24.
47. 彭丽萍, 万月华, 李坤鹏, 等. 免疫介导的坏死性肌病的临床特征及治疗策略研究. 解放军医学院学报, 2022, 43(8): 835-839, 844.
48. Ramanathan S, Langguth D, Hardy TA, et al. Clinical course and treatment of anti-HMGCR antibody-associated necrotizing autoimmune myopathy. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm, 2015, 2(3): e96.
49. Gordon PA, Winer JB, Hoogendijk JE, et al. Immunosuppressant and immunomodulatory treatment for dermatomyositis and polymyositis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2012, 2012(8): CD003643.
50. Mammen AL, Tiniakou E. Intravenous immune globulin for statin-triggered autoimmune myopathy. N Engl J Med, 2015, 373(17): 1680-1682.
51. 季苏琼, 李悦, 徐丽, 等. 肌钙蛋白对于免疫介导的坏死性肌病合并心脏损伤患者的意义. 神经损伤与功能重建, 2020, 15(4): 201-203, 206.

West China Medical Journal

Factors affecting the prognosis of immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy: a review

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