Research progress of ChatGPT in application of medical health consultation services_West China Medical Journal

Authors：

WANG Xin ^1,2 , ZHU Aiyong ^1,2 ,  JIANG Ying ^1,2

1. Graduate School, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China;
2. School of Nursing and Health Management, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

JIANG Ying, Email: jiangy@sumhs.edu.cn

Keywords：

ChatGPT; medical health consultation services; large language models

DOI：

10.7507/1002-0179.202502152

Video：

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As technology continues to advance and artificial intelligence technology is widely applied, ChatGPT (Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer) is beginning to make its mark in the field of healthcare consultation services. This article summarizes the current applications of ChatGPT in healthcare consultation services, reviewing its roles in four areas: dissemination of disease knowledge, assisting in the understanding of medical information, personalized health education and guidance, and preliminary diagnostic assistance and medical guidance. It also explores the development prospects of ChatGPT in healthcare consultation services, as well as the challenges and ethical dilemmas it faces in this field.

1.	朱文珍, 吕文志, 陈敏. 推进人工智能大模型在医疗领域中的应用. 放射学实践, 2025, 40(1): 5-8.
2.	Hristidis V, Ruggiano N, Brown EL, et al. ChatGPT vs Google for queries related to dementia and other cognitive decline: comparison of results. J Med Internet Res, 2023, 25: e48966.
3.	Mishra V, Sarraju A, Kalwani NM, et al. Evaluation of prompts to simplify cardiovascular disease information generated using a large language model: cross-sectional study. J Med Internet Res, 2024, 26: e55388.
4.	Henson JB, Glissen Brown JR, Lee JP, et al. Evaluation of the potential utility of an artificial intelligence chatbot in gastroesophageal reflux disease management. Am J Gastroenterol, 2023, 118(12): 2276-2279.
5.	Zhong W, Luo J, Zhang H. The therapeutic effectiveness of artificial intelligence-based chatbots in alleviation of depressive and anxiety symptoms in short-course treatments: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord, 2024, 356: 459-469.
6.	杨肃昌, 杨移. 新时代相对贫困与资源分配不平等相关性研究. 上海经济研究, 2022(3): 31-47.
7.	曹琦, 杨畅, 雷震. 双元式领导缓解公立医院医护人员工作疲劳的作用研究. 中国卫生政策研究, 2023, 16(4): 59-66.
8.	沈艳丽, 范抒磊, 叶卓俊, 等. 上海市居民健康信息获取意愿的影响因素研究. 中国健康教育, 2023, 39(7): 663-666.
9.	AlGhamdi KM, Moussa NA. Internet use by the public to search for health-related information. Int J Med Inform, 2012, 81(6): 363-373.
10.	Bhattacharya K, Bhattacharya AS, Bhattacharya N, et al. ChatGPT in surgical practice—a new kid on the block. Indian J Surg, 2023, 85(6): 1346-1349.
11.	Wu T, He S, Liu J, et al. A brief overview of ChatGPT: the history, status quo and potential future development. IEEE/CAA J Automat Sinica, 2023, 10(5): 1122-1136.
12.	Xu P, Zhu X, Clifton DA. Multimodal learning with transformers: a survey. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell, 2023, 45(10): 12113-12132.
13.	Han X, Zhang Z, Ding N, et al. Pre-trained models: past, present and future. AI Open, 2021, 2: 225-250.
14.	Brown T, Mann B, Ryder N, et al. Language models are few-shot learners. Adv Neural Inf Process Syst, 2020, 33: 1877-1901.
15.	Elnaggar A, Heinzinger M, Dallago C, et al. ProtTrans: toward understanding the language of life through self-supervised learning. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell, 2022, 44(10): 7112-7127.
16.	朱小超, 柳华妮. ChatGPT 在外语过程体裁写作教学中的应用路径研究. 外语电化教学, 2024(6): 30-36, 109.
17.	王洁. ChatGPT 对知识服务的五大变革. 图书馆, 2023(9): 10-16.
18.	姚荣. ChatGPT 智能对话工具对图书馆智能咨询服务的影响研究. 河南图书馆学刊, 2024, 44(10): 133-136, 140.
19.	Lv X, Zhang X, Li Y, et al. Leveraging large language models for improved patient access and self-management: assessor-blinded comparison between expert-and AI-generated content. J Med Internet Res, 2024, 26: e55847.
20.	Lim ZW, Pushpanathan K, Yew SME, et al. Benchmarking large language models’ performances for myopia care: a comparative analysis of ChatGPT-3.5, ChatGPT-4.0, and Google Bard. EBioMedicine, 2023, 95: 104770.
21.	Madaudo C, Parlati ALM, Di Lisi D, et al. Artificial intelligence in cardiology: a peek at the future and the role of ChatGPT in cardiology practice. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown), 2024, 25(11): 766-771.
22.	Fijačko N, Prosen G, Abella BS, et al. Can novel multimodal chatbots such as Bing Chat Enterprise, ChatGPT-4 Pro, and Google Bard correctly interpret electrocardiogram images?. Resuscitation, 2023, 193: 110009.
23.	Ali R, Connolly ID, Tang OY, et al. Author Correction: Bridging the literacy gap for surgical consents: an AI-human expert collaborative approach. NPJ Digit Med, 2024, 7(1): 93.
24.	Steimetz E, Minkowitz J, Gabutan EC, et al. Use of artificial intelligence chatbots in interpretation of pathology reports. JAMA Netw Open, 2024, 7(5): e2412767.
25.	Sng GGR, Tung JYM, Lim DYZ, et al. Potential and pitfalls of ChatGPT and natural-language artificial intelligence models for diabetes education. Diabetes Care, 2023, 46(5): e103-e105.
26.	黄玮, 王存泽, 方美琳, 等. ChatGPT 应用于糖尿病患者教育和沟通的适当性与准确性. 中国医药指南, 2024, 22(22): 22-25.
27.	夏浩然, 陈小艳, 赵慧明, 等. 搭载 ChatGPT 的人工机械瓣膜置换术后患者自我监测随访大数据平台的建设与实践. 中国实用护理杂志, 2023, 39(29): 2276-2284.
28.	Pushpanathan K, Lim ZW, Er Yew SM, et al. Popular large language model chatbots’ accuracy, comprehensiveness, and self-awareness in answering ocular symptom queries. iScience, 2023, 26(11): 108163.
29.	Levkovich I, Elyoseph Z. Suicide risk assessments through the eyes of ChatGPT-3.5 versus ChatGPT-4: vignette study. JMIR Ment Health, 2023, 10: e51232.
30.	Kuroiwa T, Sarcon A, Ibara T, et al. The potential of ChatGPT as a self-diagnostic tool in common orthopedic diseases: exploratory study. J Med Internet Res, 2023, 25: e47621.
31.	Shahsavar Y, Choudhury A. User intentions to use ChatGPT for self-diagnosis and health-related purposes: cross-sectional survey study. JMIR Hum Factors, 2023, 10: e47564.
32.	Choudhury A, Shamszare H. Investigating the impact of user trust on the adoption and use of ChatGPT: survey analysis. J Med Internet Res, 2023, 25: e47184.
33.	Aubignat M, Diab E. Artificial intelligence and ChatGPT between worst enemy and best friend: the two faces of a revolution and its impact on science and medical schools. Rev Neurol (Paris), 2023, 179(6): 520-522.
34.	Epstein RM, Hundert EM. Defining and assessing professional competence. JAMA, 2002, 287(2): 226-235.
35.	Singh OP. Artificial intelligence in the era of ChatGPT - Opportunities and challenges in mental health care. Indian J Psychiatry, 2023, 65(3): 297-298.
36.	Vora NN, Doshi PK. Use of ChatGPT in creating awareness about ischemic stroke. Indian J Community Med, 2023, 48(4): 633-635.
37.	邹文卿, 沈昊创. ChatGPT 在医疗领域中的应用、伦理风险与治理研究. 医学与哲学, 2023, 44(21): 7-11.
38.	赵冰心. 数字政府建设 ChatGPT 模型的制度功能与规制路径. 湖南社会科学, 2024(3): 79-88.
39.	蒲喆, 贺晓松, 赵江. ChatGPT 在临床医学中的应用进展及探讨. 中国数字医学, 2025, 20(5): 37-45.
40.	龚凡, 刘波, 沙航宇, 等. 基于大语言模型检索增强的中医“药食同源”饮食建议生成方法. 上海中医药杂志, 2025, 59(6): 1-8.
41.	Tang X, Yang X, Yuan J, et al. Call for decision support for electrocardiographic alarm administration among neonatal intensive care unit staff: multicenter, cross-sectional survey. J Med Internet Res, 2024, 26: e60944.

1. 朱文珍, 吕文志, 陈敏. 推进人工智能大模型在医疗领域中的应用. 放射学实践, 2025, 40(1): 5-8.
2. Hristidis V, Ruggiano N, Brown EL, et al. ChatGPT vs Google for queries related to dementia and other cognitive decline: comparison of results. J Med Internet Res, 2023, 25: e48966.
3. Mishra V, Sarraju A, Kalwani NM, et al. Evaluation of prompts to simplify cardiovascular disease information generated using a large language model: cross-sectional study. J Med Internet Res, 2024, 26: e55388.
4. Henson JB, Glissen Brown JR, Lee JP, et al. Evaluation of the potential utility of an artificial intelligence chatbot in gastroesophageal reflux disease management. Am J Gastroenterol, 2023, 118(12): 2276-2279.
5. Zhong W, Luo J, Zhang H. The therapeutic effectiveness of artificial intelligence-based chatbots in alleviation of depressive and anxiety symptoms in short-course treatments: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord, 2024, 356: 459-469.
6. 杨肃昌, 杨移. 新时代相对贫困与资源分配不平等相关性研究. 上海经济研究, 2022(3): 31-47.
7. 曹琦, 杨畅, 雷震. 双元式领导缓解公立医院医护人员工作疲劳的作用研究. 中国卫生政策研究, 2023, 16(4): 59-66.
8. 沈艳丽, 范抒磊, 叶卓俊, 等. 上海市居民健康信息获取意愿的影响因素研究. 中国健康教育, 2023, 39(7): 663-666.
9. AlGhamdi KM, Moussa NA. Internet use by the public to search for health-related information. Int J Med Inform, 2012, 81(6): 363-373.
10. Bhattacharya K, Bhattacharya AS, Bhattacharya N, et al. ChatGPT in surgical practice—a new kid on the block. Indian J Surg, 2023, 85(6): 1346-1349.
11. Wu T, He S, Liu J, et al. A brief overview of ChatGPT: the history, status quo and potential future development. IEEE/CAA J Automat Sinica, 2023, 10(5): 1122-1136.
12. Xu P, Zhu X, Clifton DA. Multimodal learning with transformers: a survey. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell, 2023, 45(10): 12113-12132.
13. Han X, Zhang Z, Ding N, et al. Pre-trained models: past, present and future. AI Open, 2021, 2: 225-250.
14. Brown T, Mann B, Ryder N, et al. Language models are few-shot learners. Adv Neural Inf Process Syst, 2020, 33: 1877-1901.
15. Elnaggar A, Heinzinger M, Dallago C, et al. ProtTrans: toward understanding the language of life through self-supervised learning. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell, 2022, 44(10): 7112-7127.
16. 朱小超, 柳华妮. ChatGPT 在外语过程体裁写作教学中的应用路径研究. 外语电化教学, 2024(6): 30-36, 109.
17. 王洁. ChatGPT 对知识服务的五大变革. 图书馆, 2023(9): 10-16.
18. 姚荣. ChatGPT 智能对话工具对图书馆智能咨询服务的影响研究. 河南图书馆学刊, 2024, 44(10): 133-136, 140.
19. Lv X, Zhang X, Li Y, et al. Leveraging large language models for improved patient access and self-management: assessor-blinded comparison between expert-and AI-generated content. J Med Internet Res, 2024, 26: e55847.
20. Lim ZW, Pushpanathan K, Yew SME, et al. Benchmarking large language models’ performances for myopia care: a comparative analysis of ChatGPT-3.5, ChatGPT-4.0, and Google Bard. EBioMedicine, 2023, 95: 104770.
21. Madaudo C, Parlati ALM, Di Lisi D, et al. Artificial intelligence in cardiology: a peek at the future and the role of ChatGPT in cardiology practice. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown), 2024, 25(11): 766-771.
22. Fijačko N, Prosen G, Abella BS, et al. Can novel multimodal chatbots such as Bing Chat Enterprise, ChatGPT-4 Pro, and Google Bard correctly interpret electrocardiogram images?. Resuscitation, 2023, 193: 110009.
23. Ali R, Connolly ID, Tang OY, et al. Author Correction: Bridging the literacy gap for surgical consents: an AI-human expert collaborative approach. NPJ Digit Med, 2024, 7(1): 93.
24. Steimetz E, Minkowitz J, Gabutan EC, et al. Use of artificial intelligence chatbots in interpretation of pathology reports. JAMA Netw Open, 2024, 7(5): e2412767.
25. Sng GGR, Tung JYM, Lim DYZ, et al. Potential and pitfalls of ChatGPT and natural-language artificial intelligence models for diabetes education. Diabetes Care, 2023, 46(5): e103-e105.
26. 黄玮, 王存泽, 方美琳, 等. ChatGPT 应用于糖尿病患者教育和沟通的适当性与准确性. 中国医药指南, 2024, 22(22): 22-25.
27. 夏浩然, 陈小艳, 赵慧明, 等. 搭载 ChatGPT 的人工机械瓣膜置换术后患者自我监测随访大数据平台的建设与实践. 中国实用护理杂志, 2023, 39(29): 2276-2284.
28. Pushpanathan K, Lim ZW, Er Yew SM, et al. Popular large language model chatbots’ accuracy, comprehensiveness, and self-awareness in answering ocular symptom queries. iScience, 2023, 26(11): 108163.
29. Levkovich I, Elyoseph Z. Suicide risk assessments through the eyes of ChatGPT-3.5 versus ChatGPT-4: vignette study. JMIR Ment Health, 2023, 10: e51232.
30. Kuroiwa T, Sarcon A, Ibara T, et al. The potential of ChatGPT as a self-diagnostic tool in common orthopedic diseases: exploratory study. J Med Internet Res, 2023, 25: e47621.
31. Shahsavar Y, Choudhury A. User intentions to use ChatGPT for self-diagnosis and health-related purposes: cross-sectional survey study. JMIR Hum Factors, 2023, 10: e47564.
32. Choudhury A, Shamszare H. Investigating the impact of user trust on the adoption and use of ChatGPT: survey analysis. J Med Internet Res, 2023, 25: e47184.
33. Aubignat M, Diab E. Artificial intelligence and ChatGPT between worst enemy and best friend: the two faces of a revolution and its impact on science and medical schools. Rev Neurol (Paris), 2023, 179(6): 520-522.
34. Epstein RM, Hundert EM. Defining and assessing professional competence. JAMA, 2002, 287(2): 226-235.
35. Singh OP. Artificial intelligence in the era of ChatGPT - Opportunities and challenges in mental health care. Indian J Psychiatry, 2023, 65(3): 297-298.
36. Vora NN, Doshi PK. Use of ChatGPT in creating awareness about ischemic stroke. Indian J Community Med, 2023, 48(4): 633-635.
37. 邹文卿, 沈昊创. ChatGPT 在医疗领域中的应用、伦理风险与治理研究. 医学与哲学, 2023, 44(21): 7-11.
38. 赵冰心. 数字政府建设 ChatGPT 模型的制度功能与规制路径. 湖南社会科学, 2024(3): 79-88.
39. 蒲喆, 贺晓松, 赵江. ChatGPT 在临床医学中的应用进展及探讨. 中国数字医学, 2025, 20(5): 37-45.
40. 龚凡, 刘波, 沙航宇, 等. 基于大语言模型检索增强的中医“药食同源”饮食建议生成方法. 上海中医药杂志, 2025, 59(6): 1-8.
41. Tang X, Yang X, Yuan J, et al. Call for decision support for electrocardiographic alarm administration among neonatal intensive care unit staff: multicenter, cross-sectional survey. J Med Internet Res, 2024, 26: e60944.

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