Application of X-ray fluoroscopy-based 3D visualization in teaching cerebrovascular diseases anatomy_West China Medical Journal

Authors：

BAI Xiaoyi ^1,2 , SHAN Xinyu ² , DENG Kai ¹ ,  WANG Jin ¹

1. Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China;
2. West China Clinical Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China;

Corresponding author：

WANG Jin, Email: wangjin8240@wchscu.cn

Keywords：

3D technology; anatomy; clinical medicine; education

DOI：

10.7507/1002-0179.202508111

Video：

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Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Objective To evaluate the application value of X-ray fluoroscopy-based 3D visualization in cerebrovascular anatomy learning for clinical medical students. Methods Undergraduate students majoring in clinical medicine from the West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, were enrolled between June and August 2025. Using a random number table method, the enrolled students were divided into an experimental group and a control group. From cerebrovascular angiography images, two images with a 3° separation angle were selected and synthesized into left-right 3D images for the experimental group, while identical images were merged into left-right planar images for the control group. After standardized classroom instruction, the experimental group viewed the 3D images, while the control group observed the planar images. The two groups were compared regarding their evaluations of image quality, image-reading time, and accuracy in identifying cerebrovascular lesions. Results A total of 42 students were included, with 21 in each group. There were no statistically significant differences in age or gender between the two groups (P>0.05). The total image-reading time in the experimental group was significantly shorter than that in the control group [(279.95±66.14) vs. (407.24±149.67) s, P=0.001], and the lesion identification accuracy was higher in the experimental group [(0.96±0.06)% vs. (0.88±0.14)%, P=0.022]. Moreover, subjective evaluations regarding image stereopsis and perceived difficulty in lesion identification were significantly better in the experimental group (P＜0.001). Conclusions The application of X-ray fluoroscopy-based 3D visualization significantly improves the learning outcomes of cerebrovascular diseases among clinical medical students.

Citation： BAI Xiaoyi, SHAN Xinyu, DENG Kai, WANG Jin. Application of X-ray fluoroscopy-based 3D visualization in teaching cerebrovascular diseases anatomy. West China Medical Journal, 2025, 40(12): 2006-2009. doi: 10.7507/1002-0179.202508111 Copy

1.	周立新, 谭颖, 韩菲, 等. 以胜任力为导向的神经内科住院医师培训体系的构建和探索. 协和医学杂志, 2024, 15(4): 973-980.
2.	神斌, 张庆桥. 3D 打印技术联合 CBL 教学法在布加综合征介入治疗教学中的应用. 中国继续医学教育, 2023, 15(21): 76-80.
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4.	张浩, 刘辉, 赵航, 等. Primal Pictures-3D 解剖学数据库在人体解剖学教学中的应用. 解剖学研究, 2017, 39(4): 284-285.
5.	曹隽, 张学军, 白云松, 等. 3D 打印模型辅助 PBL 及 CBL 教学法在小儿骨科教学中的应用. 继续医学教育, 2023, 37(12): 65-68.
6.	马岚, 王亚利, 杨彭涛, 等. 基于 3D Body 软件的混合模式在放射肿瘤学教学中的应用. 医学教育研究与实践, 2024, 32(6): 792-797, 804.
7.	张年凤, 肖娟, 向安萍, 等. 职教云联合 3D Body 解剖软件的信息化教学在人体解剖学教学中的应用. 卫生职业教育, 2021, 39(12): 71-73.
8.	陶甄. 3D 解剖软件结合 PBL 教学法在骨科临床教学中的研究. 关爱生命大讲堂之生命关怀与智慧康养系列学术研讨会, 线上会议, 2025. 中国生命关怀协会, 2025.
9.	迟蕾, 左欣, 祝鹏宇. 思维导图结合 3D body 软件在《神经定位诊断学》教学中的应用研究. 黑龙江医学, 2025, 49(5): 607-609.
10.	Qian N. Binocular disparity and the perception of depth. Neuron, 1997, 18(3): 359-368.
11.	Ohzawa I, DeAngelis GC, Freeman RD. Stereoscopic depth discrimination in the visual cortex: neurons ideally suited as disparity detectors. Science, 1990, 249(4972): 1037-1041.
12.	Menz MD, Freeman RD. Stereoscopic depth processing in the visual cortex: a coarse-to-fine mechanism. Nat Neurosci, 2003, 6(1): 59-65.
13.	Gonzalez F, Perez R. Neural mechanisms underlying stereoscopic vision. Prog Neurobiol, 1998, 55(3): 191-224.
14.	Deng K, Wei B, Chen M, et al. Realization of real-time X-ray stereoscopic vision during interventional procedures. Sci Rep, 2018, 8(1): 15852.
15.	俞远林, 张卫东, 戴俊, 等. 三维重建技术在肝脏外科解剖教学中的应用研究. 中国继续医学教育, 2024, 16(14): 111-115.
16.	潘庆春, 李蓓. 3D 打印技术联合 PBL 教学法在耳鼻咽喉头颈外科临床教学中的应用. 中国典型病例大全, 2025, 19(2): 1183-1186.
17.	卢敏勋, 李壮壮, 何宣虹, 等. 逆向数字建模结合三维打印疾病模型在骨盆肿瘤临床规范化培训中的教学效果评价. 华西医学, 2025, 40(5): 788-792.
18.	齐英娜, 李春根, 孙佩宇, 等. 基于问卷调查的 PBL 结合 3D 解剖软件在中医骨伤科学实习带教中的应用. 中国继续医学教育, 2024, 16(12): 152-156.
19.	张汉乐, 邢妍, 胡晓帅, 等. 面向元宇宙的集成成像 3D 显示技术进展. 指挥与控制学报, 2022, 8(3): 239-248.

1. 周立新, 谭颖, 韩菲, 等. 以胜任力为导向的神经内科住院医师培训体系的构建和探索. 协和医学杂志, 2024, 15(4): 973-980.
2. 神斌, 张庆桥. 3D 打印技术联合 CBL 教学法在布加综合征介入治疗教学中的应用. 中国继续医学教育, 2023, 15(21): 76-80.
3. 张俊兄, 金珊珊, 王正梅. 3D body 解剖软件用于解剖学护理实习生带教的价值. 解剖学研究, 2021, 43(4): 431-433.
4. 张浩, 刘辉, 赵航, 等. Primal Pictures-3D 解剖学数据库在人体解剖学教学中的应用. 解剖学研究, 2017, 39(4): 284-285.
5. 曹隽, 张学军, 白云松, 等. 3D 打印模型辅助 PBL 及 CBL 教学法在小儿骨科教学中的应用. 继续医学教育, 2023, 37(12): 65-68.
6. 马岚, 王亚利, 杨彭涛, 等. 基于 3D Body 软件的混合模式在放射肿瘤学教学中的应用. 医学教育研究与实践, 2024, 32(6): 792-797, 804.
7. 张年凤, 肖娟, 向安萍, 等. 职教云联合 3D Body 解剖软件的信息化教学在人体解剖学教学中的应用. 卫生职业教育, 2021, 39(12): 71-73.
8. 陶甄. 3D 解剖软件结合 PBL 教学法在骨科临床教学中的研究. 关爱生命大讲堂之生命关怀与智慧康养系列学术研讨会, 线上会议, 2025. 中国生命关怀协会, 2025.
9. 迟蕾, 左欣, 祝鹏宇. 思维导图结合 3D body 软件在《神经定位诊断学》教学中的应用研究. 黑龙江医学, 2025, 49(5): 607-609.
10. Qian N. Binocular disparity and the perception of depth. Neuron, 1997, 18(3): 359-368.
11. Ohzawa I, DeAngelis GC, Freeman RD. Stereoscopic depth discrimination in the visual cortex: neurons ideally suited as disparity detectors. Science, 1990, 249(4972): 1037-1041.
12. Menz MD, Freeman RD. Stereoscopic depth processing in the visual cortex: a coarse-to-fine mechanism. Nat Neurosci, 2003, 6(1): 59-65.
13. Gonzalez F, Perez R. Neural mechanisms underlying stereoscopic vision. Prog Neurobiol, 1998, 55(3): 191-224.
14. Deng K, Wei B, Chen M, et al. Realization of real-time X-ray stereoscopic vision during interventional procedures. Sci Rep, 2018, 8(1): 15852.
15. 俞远林, 张卫东, 戴俊, 等. 三维重建技术在肝脏外科解剖教学中的应用研究. 中国继续医学教育, 2024, 16(14): 111-115.
16. 潘庆春, 李蓓. 3D 打印技术联合 PBL 教学法在耳鼻咽喉头颈外科临床教学中的应用. 中国典型病例大全, 2025, 19(2): 1183-1186.
17. 卢敏勋, 李壮壮, 何宣虹, 等. 逆向数字建模结合三维打印疾病模型在骨盆肿瘤临床规范化培训中的教学效果评价. 华西医学, 2025, 40(5): 788-792.
18. 齐英娜, 李春根, 孙佩宇, 等. 基于问卷调查的 PBL 结合 3D 解剖软件在中医骨伤科学实习带教中的应用. 中国继续医学教育, 2024, 16(12): 152-156.
19. 张汉乐, 邢妍, 胡晓帅, 等. 面向元宇宙的集成成像 3D 显示技术进展. 指挥与控制学报, 2022, 8(3): 239-248.

West China Medical Journal

Application of X-ray fluoroscopy-based 3D visualization in teaching cerebrovascular diseases anatomy

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