Advance of vascularization of tissue engineered peripheral nerve_Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery

Authors：

ZHAO Bin , MA Jianxiong ,  MA Xinlong

Orthopaedic Institute, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300211, P.R.China;

Corresponding author：

MA Xinlong, Email: agzhb@sina.com

Keywords：

Tissue engineered peripheral nerve; vascularization; seed cells; scaffold material; microenvironment

DOI：

10.7507/1002-1892.201902032

Video：

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Objective To review the literature on the research status of vascularization of tissue engineered peripheral nerve so as to provide the theoretical basis for the vascularization of tissue engineered peripheral nerve.Methods The literature related to the vascularization of peripheral nerve tissue engineering in recent years was reviewed and summarized according to the five aspects of promoting vascularization: local microenvironment and blood supply characteristics of peripheral nerve regeneration, scaffold material modification, seed cells, autologous vascular bundle implantation, and pro-vascular factors.Results Tissue engineered peripheral nerve has brought a new hope for the repair of peripheral nerve injury, but the repair effect of large nerve defects is not good, which is mainly related to the degree of vascularization of the nerve grafts. So it is particularly important to promote the early vascularization of tissue engineered peripheral nerve. Previous studies have mainly focused on the four aspects of scaffold material modification, seed cells, autologous vascular bundle implantation, and angiogenesis related factors. Recent studies show that the combination of the above two or more factors in the tissue engineered peripheral nerves can better promote the vascularization of tissue engineered peripheral nerves.Conclusion Promoting early vascularization of tissue engineered peripheral nerves can provide timely nutritional support for seed cells on the scaffold, promote axon growth and nerve regeneration, and facilitate the repair of large peripheral nerve defects in clinical practice.

Citation： ZHAO Bin, MA Jianxiong, MA Xinlong. Advance of vascularization of tissue engineered peripheral nerve. Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery, 2019, 33(8): 1029-1032. doi: 10.7507/1002-1892.201902032 Copy

1.	Bădoiu SC, Lascăr I, Enescu DM. Peripheral nerve allografting-why and how? Chirurgia (Bucur), 2014, 109(5): 584-589.
2.	Fowler JR, Lavasani M, Huard J, et al. Biologic strategies to improve nerve regeneration after peripheral nerve repair. J Reconstr Microsurg, 2015, 31(4): 243-248.
3.	Kian Kwan Oo K, Chen Ong W, Hui Chi Ang A, et al. Tissue engineered prefabricated vascularized flaps. Head Neck, 2007, 29(5): 458-464.
4.	Kannan RY, Salacinski HJ, Sales K, et al. The roles of tissue engineering and vascularisation in the development of micro-vascular networks: a review. Biomaterials, 2005, 26(14): 1857-1875.
5.	Arslantunali D, Dursun T, Yucel D, et al. Peripheral nerve conduits: technology update. Med Devices (Auckl), 2014, 7: 405-424.
6.	Merle M, Dautel G. Vascularised nerve grafts. J Hand Surg (Br), 1991, 16(5): 483-488.
7.	Vargel I. Impact of vascularization type on peripheral nerve microstructure. J Reconstr Microsurg, 2009, 25(4): 243-253.
8.	黄涛, 秦建强, 刘大庸, 等. 外周神经损伤后许旺细胞激活巨噬细胞的实验研究. 中华显微外科杂志, 2002, 25(3): 192-193.
9.	高宏阳, 韩金豹, 刘新晖, 等. 血管化同种异体神经复合体桥接修复兔坐骨神经缺损的实验研究. 河北医科大学学报, 2013, 34(10): 1132-1136.
10.	Wang G, Hu X, Lin W, et al. Electrospun PLGA-silk fibroin-collagen nanofibrous scaffolds for nerve tissue engineering. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim, 2011, 47(3): 234-240.
11.	Zhang YG, Huang JH, Hu XY, et al. Omentum-wrapped scaffold with longitudinally oriented micro-channels promotes axonal regeneration and motor functional recovery in rats. PLoS One, 2011, 6(12): e29184.
12.	Rouwkema J, Rivron NC, van Blitterswijk CA. Vascularization in tissue engineering. Trends Biotechnol, 2008, 26(8): 434-441.
13.	王岚, 邢新, 沈尊理. 人工神经血管化研究的进展. 组织工程与重建外科杂志, 2009, 5(1): 49-51.
14.	Bauer-Kreisel P, Goepferich A, Blunk T. Cell-delivery therapeutics for adipose tissue regeneration. Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 2010, 62(7-8): 798-813.
15.	Chiu YC, Cheng MH, Engel H, et al. The role of pore size on vascularization and tissue remodeling in PEG hydrogels. Biomaterials, 2011, 32(26): 6045-6051.
16.	Bai F, Wang Z, Lu J, et al. The correlation between the internal structure and vascularization of controllable porous bioceramic materials in vivo: a quantitative study. Tissue Eng Part A, 2010, 16(12): 3791-3803.
17.	Sun J, Wang Y, Qian Z, et al. An approach to architecture 3D scaffold with interconnective microchannel networks inducing angiogenesis for tissue engineering. J Mater Sci Mater Med, 2011, 22(11): 2565-2571.
18.	Kemp SW, Syed S, Walsh W, et al. Collagen nerve conduits promote enhanced axonal regeneration, schwann cell association, and neovascularization compared to silicone conduits. Tissue Eng Part A, 2009, 15(8): 1975-1988.
19.	蒋良福, 陈鸥, 虞庆, 等. 预血管化组织工程神经修复周围神经缺损的研究. 中华手外科杂志, 2014, 30(3): 216-219.
20.	Gott VL, Whiffen JD, Dutton RC. Heparin bonding on colloidal graphite surfaces. Science, 1963, 142(3597): 1297-1298.
21.	Cardin AD, Jackson RL, Sparrow DA, et al. Interaction of glycosaminoglycans with lipoproteins. Ann N Y Acad Sci, 1989, 556: 186-193.
22.	Zhao B, Zhao Z, Ma J, et al. Modulation of angiogenic potential of tissue-engineered peripheral nerve by covalent incorporation of heparin and loading with vascular endothelial growth factor. Neurosci Lett, 2019, 705: 259-264.
23.	李宗超, 韦章超, 刘勇, 等. 基质细胞衍生因子 1 对于血管内皮细胞增殖影响及其相关机制研究. 中国修复重建外科杂志, 2017, 31(1): 91-97.
24.	刘春晓, 吴欢欢, 马慧雨, 等. 人骨髓间充质干细胞与脐静脉内皮细胞体外共培养的研究. 组织工程与重建外科杂志, 2011, 7(2): 65-69, 84.
25.	Rana D, Kumar A, Sharma S. Endothelial progenitor cells as molecular targets in vascular senescence and repair. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther, 2018, 13(6): 438-446.
26.	Asahara T, Murohara T, Sullivan A, et al. Isolation of putative progenitor endothelial cells for angiogenesis. Science, 1997, 275(5302): 964-967.
27.	Goerke SM, Obermeyer J, Plaha J, et al. Endothelial progenitor cells from peripheral blood support bone regeneration by provoking an angiogenic response. Microvasc Res, 2015, 98: 40-47.
28.	Kamei N, Atesok K, Ochi M. The use of endothelial progenitor cells for the regeneration of musculoskeletal and neural tissues. Stem Cells Int, 2017, 2017: 1960804.
29.	Urbich C, Heeschen C, Aicher A, et al. Relevance of monocytic features for neovascularization capacity of circulating endothelial progenitor cells. Circulation, 2003, 108(20): 2511-2516.
30.	张静, 易阳艳, 阳水发, 等. 脂肪干细胞来源外泌体对人脐静脉血管内皮细胞增殖、迁移及管样分化的影响. 中国修复重建外科杂志, 2018, 32(10): 1351-1357.
31.	Pang H, Wu XH, Fu SL, et al. Prevascularisation with endothelial progenitor cells improved restoration of the architectural and functional properties of newly formed bone for bone reconstruction. Int Orthop, 2013, 37(4): 753-759.
32.	Zigdon-Giladi H, Khoury N, Evron A. Adult stem cells in the use of jaw bone regeneration: current and prospective research. Quintessence Int, 2015, 46(2): 125-131.
33.	Taylor GI, Ham FJ. The free vascularized nerve graft. A further experimental and clinical application of microvascular techniques. Plast Reconstr Surg, 1976, 57(4): 413-426.
34.	Cavadas PC, Vera-Sempere FJ. Prefabrication of a vascularized nerve graft by vessel implantation: preliminary report of an experimental model. Microsurgery, 1994, 15(12): 877-881.
35.	Zhang QX, Magovern CJ, Mack CA, et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor is the major angiogenic factor in omentum: mechanism of the omentum-mediated angiogenesis. J Surg Res, 1997, 67(2): 147-154.
36.	周建生, 唐兆前, 肖玉周, 等. 大网膜包裹人工神经移植体再血管化及神经再生的研究. 中国修复重建外科杂志, 2006, 20(8): 797-800.
37.	Rui J, Dadsetan M, Runge MB, et al. Controlled release of vascular endothelial growth factor using poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid microspheres: in vitro characterization and application in polycaprolactone fumarate nerve conduits. Acta Biomater, 2012, 8(2): 511-518.
38.	Feng L, Wu H, E L, et al. Effects of vascular endothelial growth factor 165 on bone tissue engineering. PLoS One, 2013, 8(12): e82945.

1. Bădoiu SC, Lascăr I, Enescu DM. Peripheral nerve allografting-why and how? Chirurgia (Bucur), 2014, 109(5): 584-589.
2. Fowler JR, Lavasani M, Huard J, et al. Biologic strategies to improve nerve regeneration after peripheral nerve repair. J Reconstr Microsurg, 2015, 31(4): 243-248.
3. Kian Kwan Oo K, Chen Ong W, Hui Chi Ang A, et al. Tissue engineered prefabricated vascularized flaps. Head Neck, 2007, 29(5): 458-464.
4. Kannan RY, Salacinski HJ, Sales K, et al. The roles of tissue engineering and vascularisation in the development of micro-vascular networks: a review. Biomaterials, 2005, 26(14): 1857-1875.
5. Arslantunali D, Dursun T, Yucel D, et al. Peripheral nerve conduits: technology update. Med Devices (Auckl), 2014, 7: 405-424.
6. Merle M, Dautel G. Vascularised nerve grafts. J Hand Surg (Br), 1991, 16(5): 483-488.
7. Vargel I. Impact of vascularization type on peripheral nerve microstructure. J Reconstr Microsurg, 2009, 25(4): 243-253.
8. 黄涛, 秦建强, 刘大庸, 等. 外周神经损伤后许旺细胞激活巨噬细胞的实验研究. 中华显微外科杂志, 2002, 25(3): 192-193.
9. 高宏阳, 韩金豹, 刘新晖, 等. 血管化同种异体神经复合体桥接修复兔坐骨神经缺损的实验研究. 河北医科大学学报, 2013, 34(10): 1132-1136.
10. Wang G, Hu X, Lin W, et al. Electrospun PLGA-silk fibroin-collagen nanofibrous scaffolds for nerve tissue engineering. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim, 2011, 47(3): 234-240.
11. Zhang YG, Huang JH, Hu XY, et al. Omentum-wrapped scaffold with longitudinally oriented micro-channels promotes axonal regeneration and motor functional recovery in rats. PLoS One, 2011, 6(12): e29184.
12. Rouwkema J, Rivron NC, van Blitterswijk CA. Vascularization in tissue engineering. Trends Biotechnol, 2008, 26(8): 434-441.
13. 王岚, 邢新, 沈尊理. 人工神经血管化研究的进展. 组织工程与重建外科杂志, 2009, 5(1): 49-51.
14. Bauer-Kreisel P, Goepferich A, Blunk T. Cell-delivery therapeutics for adipose tissue regeneration. Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 2010, 62(7-8): 798-813.
15. Chiu YC, Cheng MH, Engel H, et al. The role of pore size on vascularization and tissue remodeling in PEG hydrogels. Biomaterials, 2011, 32(26): 6045-6051.
16. Bai F, Wang Z, Lu J, et al. The correlation between the internal structure and vascularization of controllable porous bioceramic materials in vivo: a quantitative study. Tissue Eng Part A, 2010, 16(12): 3791-3803.
17. Sun J, Wang Y, Qian Z, et al. An approach to architecture 3D scaffold with interconnective microchannel networks inducing angiogenesis for tissue engineering. J Mater Sci Mater Med, 2011, 22(11): 2565-2571.
18. Kemp SW, Syed S, Walsh W, et al. Collagen nerve conduits promote enhanced axonal regeneration, schwann cell association, and neovascularization compared to silicone conduits. Tissue Eng Part A, 2009, 15(8): 1975-1988.
19. 蒋良福, 陈鸥, 虞庆, 等. 预血管化组织工程神经修复周围神经缺损的研究. 中华手外科杂志, 2014, 30(3): 216-219.
20. Gott VL, Whiffen JD, Dutton RC. Heparin bonding on colloidal graphite surfaces. Science, 1963, 142(3597): 1297-1298.
21. Cardin AD, Jackson RL, Sparrow DA, et al. Interaction of glycosaminoglycans with lipoproteins. Ann N Y Acad Sci, 1989, 556: 186-193.
22. Zhao B, Zhao Z, Ma J, et al. Modulation of angiogenic potential of tissue-engineered peripheral nerve by covalent incorporation of heparin and loading with vascular endothelial growth factor. Neurosci Lett, 2019, 705: 259-264.
23. 李宗超, 韦章超, 刘勇, 等. 基质细胞衍生因子 1 对于血管内皮细胞增殖影响及其相关机制研究. 中国修复重建外科杂志, 2017, 31(1): 91-97.
24. 刘春晓, 吴欢欢, 马慧雨, 等. 人骨髓间充质干细胞与脐静脉内皮细胞体外共培养的研究. 组织工程与重建外科杂志, 2011, 7(2): 65-69, 84.
25. Rana D, Kumar A, Sharma S. Endothelial progenitor cells as molecular targets in vascular senescence and repair. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther, 2018, 13(6): 438-446.
26. Asahara T, Murohara T, Sullivan A, et al. Isolation of putative progenitor endothelial cells for angiogenesis. Science, 1997, 275(5302): 964-967.
27. Goerke SM, Obermeyer J, Plaha J, et al. Endothelial progenitor cells from peripheral blood support bone regeneration by provoking an angiogenic response. Microvasc Res, 2015, 98: 40-47.
28. Kamei N, Atesok K, Ochi M. The use of endothelial progenitor cells for the regeneration of musculoskeletal and neural tissues. Stem Cells Int, 2017, 2017: 1960804.
29. Urbich C, Heeschen C, Aicher A, et al. Relevance of monocytic features for neovascularization capacity of circulating endothelial progenitor cells. Circulation, 2003, 108(20): 2511-2516.
30. 张静, 易阳艳, 阳水发, 等. 脂肪干细胞来源外泌体对人脐静脉血管内皮细胞增殖、迁移及管样分化的影响. 中国修复重建外科杂志, 2018, 32(10): 1351-1357.
31. Pang H, Wu XH, Fu SL, et al. Prevascularisation with endothelial progenitor cells improved restoration of the architectural and functional properties of newly formed bone for bone reconstruction. Int Orthop, 2013, 37(4): 753-759.
32. Zigdon-Giladi H, Khoury N, Evron A. Adult stem cells in the use of jaw bone regeneration: current and prospective research. Quintessence Int, 2015, 46(2): 125-131.
33. Taylor GI, Ham FJ. The free vascularized nerve graft. A further experimental and clinical application of microvascular techniques. Plast Reconstr Surg, 1976, 57(4): 413-426.
34. Cavadas PC, Vera-Sempere FJ. Prefabrication of a vascularized nerve graft by vessel implantation: preliminary report of an experimental model. Microsurgery, 1994, 15(12): 877-881.
35. Zhang QX, Magovern CJ, Mack CA, et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor is the major angiogenic factor in omentum: mechanism of the omentum-mediated angiogenesis. J Surg Res, 1997, 67(2): 147-154.
36. 周建生, 唐兆前, 肖玉周, 等. 大网膜包裹人工神经移植体再血管化及神经再生的研究. 中国修复重建外科杂志, 2006, 20(8): 797-800.
37. Rui J, Dadsetan M, Runge MB, et al. Controlled release of vascular endothelial growth factor using poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid microspheres: in vitro characterization and application in polycaprolactone fumarate nerve conduits. Acta Biomater, 2012, 8(2): 511-518.
38. Feng L, Wu H, E L, et al. Effects of vascular endothelial growth factor 165 on bone tissue engineering. PLoS One, 2013, 8(12): e82945.

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