Research progress on the intraoperative localization of pulmonary ground-glass nodules_Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

Authors：

ZHANG Lei , XIE Dong ,  CHEN Chang

Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200433, P.R.China;

Corresponding author：

CHEN Chang, Email: chenthoracic@163.com

Keywords：

Ground-glass nodules; lung nodule localization; video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery; lung cancer

DOI：

10.7507/1007-4848.201803050

Video：

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With the wide utilization of high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) in the lung cancer screening, patients detected with pulmonary ground-glass nodules (GGNs) have increased over time and account for a large proportion of all thoracic diseases. Because of its less invasiveness and fast recovery, video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) is currently the first choice of surgical approach to lung nodule resection. However, GGNs are usually difficult to recognize during VATS, and failure of nodule localization would result in conversion to thoracotomy or extended lung resection. In order to cope with this problem, a series of approaches for pulmonary nodule localization have developed in the last few years. This article aims to summarize the reported methods of lung nodule localization and analyze its corresponding pros and cons, in order to help thoracic surgeons to choose appropriate localization method in different clinical conditions.

Citation： ZHANG Lei, XIE Dong, CHEN Chang. Research progress on the intraoperative localization of pulmonary ground-glass nodules. Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 2018, 25(12): 1080-1084. doi: 10.7507/1007-4848.201803050 Copy

1.	Suzuki K, Nagai K, Yoshida J, et al. Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for small indeterminate pulmonary nodules: indications for preoperative marking. Chest, 1999, 115(2): 563-568.
2.	Ciriaco P, Negri G, Puglisi A, et al. Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for pulmonary nodules: rationale for preoperative computed tomography-guided hookwire localization. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2004, 25(3): 429-433.
3.	Finley RJ, Mayo JR, Grant K, et al. Preoperative computed tomography-guided microcoil localization of small peripheral pulmonary nodules: a prospective randomized controlled trial. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2015, 149(1): 26-31.
4.	姜淑云, 陈炜生, 曹燕飞, 等. 计算机导航技术在肺内小结节定位中的应用. 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志, 2009, 16(3): 226-228.
5.	Zhang L, Li M, Li Z, et al. Three-dimensional printing of navigational template in localization of pulmonary nodule: A pilot study. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2017, 154(6): 2113-2119.
6.	Tamura M, Oda M, Fujimori H, et al. New indication for preoperative marking of small peripheral pulmonary nodules in thoracoscopic surgery. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg, 2010, 11(5): 590-593.
7.	Saito H, Minamiya Y, Matsuzaki I, et al. Indication for preoperative localization of small peripheral pulmonary nodules in thoracoscopic surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2002, 124(6): 1198-1202.
8.	Thistlethwaite PA, Gower JR, Hernandez M, et al. Needle localization of small pulmonary nodules: Lessons learned. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2018, 155(5): 2140-2147.
9.	Iguchi T, Hiraki T, Matsui Y, et al. Preoperative short hookwire placement for small pulmonary lesions: evaluation of technical success and risk factors for initial placement failure. Eur Radiol, 2018, 28(5): 2194-2202.
10.	Mack MJ, Gordon MJ, Postma TW, et al. Percutaneous localization of pulmonary nodules for thoracoscopic lung resection. Ann Thorac Surg, 1992, 53(6): 1123-1124.
11.	Lizza N, Eucher P, Haxhe JP, et al. Thoracoscopic resection of pulmonary nodules after computed tomographic-guided coil labeling. Ann Thorac Surg, 2001, 71(3): 986-988.
12.	Mullan BF, Stanford W, Barnhart W, et al. Lung nodules: improved wire for CT-guided localization. Radiology, 1999, 211(2): 561-565.
13.	Miyoshi K, Toyooka S, Gobara H, et al. Clinical outcomes of short hook wire and suture marking system in thoracoscopic resection for pulmonary nodules. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2009, 36(2): 378-382.
14.	Reinschmidt JP, Murray SP, Casha LM, et al. Localization of pulmonary nodules using suture-ligated microcoils. J Comput Assist Tomogr, 2001, 25(2): 314-318.
15.	Shah AP, Kupelian PA, Waghorn BJ, et al. Real-time tumor tracking in the lung using an electromagnetic tracking system. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 2013, 86(3): 477-483.
16.	刘丽, 陈波, 许健, 等. CT 和 DSA 复合引导下弹簧圈定位肺小结节胸腔镜切除术. 介入放射学杂志, 2012, 21(12): 1002-1006.
17.	Endo M, Kotani Y, Satouchi M, et al. CT fluoroscopy-guided bronchoscopic dye marking for resection of small peripheral pulmonary nodules. Chest, 2004, 125(5): 1747-1752.
18.	Wicky S, Mayor B, Cuttat JF, et al. CT-guided localizations of pulmonary nodules with methylene blue injections for thoracoscopic resections. Chest, 1994, 106(5): 1326-1328.
19.	Vandoni RE, Cuttat JF, Wicky S, et al. CT-guided methylene-blue labelling before thoracoscopic resection of pulmonary nodules. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 1998, 14(3): 265-270.
20.	Magistrelli P, D'Ambra L, Berti S, et al. Use of India ink during preoperative computed tomography localization of small peripheral undiagnosed pulmonary nodules for thoracoscopic resection. World J Surg, 2009, 33(7): 1421-1424.
21.	Krimsky WS, Minnich DJ, Cattaneo SM, et al. Thoracoscopic detection of occult indeterminate pulmonary nodules using bronchoscopic pleural dye marking. J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect, 2014; 4(1): 10.3402/jchimp.v4.23084.
22.	Bernard A. Resection of pulmonary nodules using video-assisted thoracic surgery. The Thorax Group. Ann Thorac Surg, 1996, 61(1): 202-204.
23.	Awais O, Reidy MR, Mehta K, et al. Electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy-guided dye marking for thoracoscopic resection of pulmonary nodules. Ann Thorac Surg, 2016, 102(1): 223-229.
24.	俞同福, 徐海, 刘希胜, 等. 术前 CT 引导下亚甲蓝与 Hookwire 联合定位肺小结节临床应用价值. 中华胸心血管外科杂志, 2012, 28(7): 401-404.
25.	Ikeda K, Nomori H, Mori T, et al. Impalpable pulmonary nodules with ground-glass opacity: Success for making pathologic sections with preoperative marking by lipiodol. Chest, 2007, 131(2): 502-506.
26.	Nomori H, Horio H, Naruke T, et al. Fluoroscopy-assisted thoracoscopic resection of lung nodules marked with lipiodol. Ann Thorac Surg, 2002, 74(1): 170-173.
27.	Okumura T, Kondo H, Suzuki K, et al. Fluoroscopy-assisted thoracoscopic surgery after computed tomography-guided bronchoscopic barium marking. Ann Thorac Surg, 2001, 71(2): 439-442.
28.	Asano F, Shindoh J, Shigemitsu K, et al. Ultrathin bronchoscopic barium marking with virtual bronchoscopic navigation for fluoroscopy-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. Chest, 2004, 126(5): 1687-1693.
29.	Moon SW, Wang YP, Jo KH, et al. Fluoroscopy-aided thoracoscopic resection of pulmonary nodule localized with contrast media. Ann Thorac Surg, 1999, 68(5): 1815-1820.
30.	Stiles BM, Altes TA, Jones DR, et al. Clinical experience with radiotracer-guided thoracoscopic biopsy of small, indeterminate lung nodules. Ann Thorac Surg, 2006, 82(4): 1191-1196.
31.	Mattioli S, D'Ovidio F, Daddi N, et al. Transthoracic endosonography for the intraoperative localization of lung nodules. Ann Thorac Surg, 2005, 79(2): 443-449.
32.	Carcoforo P, Feo C, Sortini D, et al. Localization of pulmonary nodules. Chest, 2004, 125(2): 796-796.
33.	Barmin V, Sadovnichy V, Sokolov M, et al. An original device for intraoperative detection of small indeterminate nodules? Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2014, 46(6): 1027-1031.
34.	Okusanya OT, Holt D, Heitjan D, et al. Intraoperative near-infrared imaging can identify pulmonary nodules. Ann Thorac Surg, 2014, 98(4): 1223-1230.
35.	Zhao ZR, Lau RW, Ng CS. Hybrid theatre and alternative localization techniques in conventional and single-port video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. J Thorac Dis, 2016, 8(Suppl 3): S319-S327.

1. Suzuki K, Nagai K, Yoshida J, et al. Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for small indeterminate pulmonary nodules: indications for preoperative marking. Chest, 1999, 115(2): 563-568.
2. Ciriaco P, Negri G, Puglisi A, et al. Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for pulmonary nodules: rationale for preoperative computed tomography-guided hookwire localization. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2004, 25(3): 429-433.
3. Finley RJ, Mayo JR, Grant K, et al. Preoperative computed tomography-guided microcoil localization of small peripheral pulmonary nodules: a prospective randomized controlled trial. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2015, 149(1): 26-31.
4. 姜淑云, 陈炜生, 曹燕飞, 等. 计算机导航技术在肺内小结节定位中的应用. 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志, 2009, 16(3): 226-228.
5. Zhang L, Li M, Li Z, et al. Three-dimensional printing of navigational template in localization of pulmonary nodule: A pilot study. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2017, 154(6): 2113-2119.
6. Tamura M, Oda M, Fujimori H, et al. New indication for preoperative marking of small peripheral pulmonary nodules in thoracoscopic surgery. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg, 2010, 11(5): 590-593.
7. Saito H, Minamiya Y, Matsuzaki I, et al. Indication for preoperative localization of small peripheral pulmonary nodules in thoracoscopic surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2002, 124(6): 1198-1202.
8. Thistlethwaite PA, Gower JR, Hernandez M, et al. Needle localization of small pulmonary nodules: Lessons learned. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 2018, 155(5): 2140-2147.
9. Iguchi T, Hiraki T, Matsui Y, et al. Preoperative short hookwire placement for small pulmonary lesions: evaluation of technical success and risk factors for initial placement failure. Eur Radiol, 2018, 28(5): 2194-2202.
10. Mack MJ, Gordon MJ, Postma TW, et al. Percutaneous localization of pulmonary nodules for thoracoscopic lung resection. Ann Thorac Surg, 1992, 53(6): 1123-1124.
11. Lizza N, Eucher P, Haxhe JP, et al. Thoracoscopic resection of pulmonary nodules after computed tomographic-guided coil labeling. Ann Thorac Surg, 2001, 71(3): 986-988.
12. Mullan BF, Stanford W, Barnhart W, et al. Lung nodules: improved wire for CT-guided localization. Radiology, 1999, 211(2): 561-565.
13. Miyoshi K, Toyooka S, Gobara H, et al. Clinical outcomes of short hook wire and suture marking system in thoracoscopic resection for pulmonary nodules. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2009, 36(2): 378-382.
14. Reinschmidt JP, Murray SP, Casha LM, et al. Localization of pulmonary nodules using suture-ligated microcoils. J Comput Assist Tomogr, 2001, 25(2): 314-318.
15. Shah AP, Kupelian PA, Waghorn BJ, et al. Real-time tumor tracking in the lung using an electromagnetic tracking system. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 2013, 86(3): 477-483.
16. 刘丽, 陈波, 许健, 等. CT 和 DSA 复合引导下弹簧圈定位肺小结节胸腔镜切除术. 介入放射学杂志, 2012, 21(12): 1002-1006.
17. Endo M, Kotani Y, Satouchi M, et al. CT fluoroscopy-guided bronchoscopic dye marking for resection of small peripheral pulmonary nodules. Chest, 2004, 125(5): 1747-1752.
18. Wicky S, Mayor B, Cuttat JF, et al. CT-guided localizations of pulmonary nodules with methylene blue injections for thoracoscopic resections. Chest, 1994, 106(5): 1326-1328.
19. Vandoni RE, Cuttat JF, Wicky S, et al. CT-guided methylene-blue labelling before thoracoscopic resection of pulmonary nodules. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 1998, 14(3): 265-270.
20. Magistrelli P, D'Ambra L, Berti S, et al. Use of India ink during preoperative computed tomography localization of small peripheral undiagnosed pulmonary nodules for thoracoscopic resection. World J Surg, 2009, 33(7): 1421-1424.
21. Krimsky WS, Minnich DJ, Cattaneo SM, et al. Thoracoscopic detection of occult indeterminate pulmonary nodules using bronchoscopic pleural dye marking. J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect, 2014; 4(1): 10.3402/jchimp.v4.23084.
22. Bernard A. Resection of pulmonary nodules using video-assisted thoracic surgery. The Thorax Group. Ann Thorac Surg, 1996, 61(1): 202-204.
23. Awais O, Reidy MR, Mehta K, et al. Electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy-guided dye marking for thoracoscopic resection of pulmonary nodules. Ann Thorac Surg, 2016, 102(1): 223-229.
24. 俞同福, 徐海, 刘希胜, 等. 术前 CT 引导下亚甲蓝与 Hookwire 联合定位肺小结节临床应用价值. 中华胸心血管外科杂志, 2012, 28(7): 401-404.
25. Ikeda K, Nomori H, Mori T, et al. Impalpable pulmonary nodules with ground-glass opacity: Success for making pathologic sections with preoperative marking by lipiodol. Chest, 2007, 131(2): 502-506.
26. Nomori H, Horio H, Naruke T, et al. Fluoroscopy-assisted thoracoscopic resection of lung nodules marked with lipiodol. Ann Thorac Surg, 2002, 74(1): 170-173.
27. Okumura T, Kondo H, Suzuki K, et al. Fluoroscopy-assisted thoracoscopic surgery after computed tomography-guided bronchoscopic barium marking. Ann Thorac Surg, 2001, 71(2): 439-442.
28. Asano F, Shindoh J, Shigemitsu K, et al. Ultrathin bronchoscopic barium marking with virtual bronchoscopic navigation for fluoroscopy-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. Chest, 2004, 126(5): 1687-1693.
29. Moon SW, Wang YP, Jo KH, et al. Fluoroscopy-aided thoracoscopic resection of pulmonary nodule localized with contrast media. Ann Thorac Surg, 1999, 68(5): 1815-1820.
30. Stiles BM, Altes TA, Jones DR, et al. Clinical experience with radiotracer-guided thoracoscopic biopsy of small, indeterminate lung nodules. Ann Thorac Surg, 2006, 82(4): 1191-1196.
31. Mattioli S, D'Ovidio F, Daddi N, et al. Transthoracic endosonography for the intraoperative localization of lung nodules. Ann Thorac Surg, 2005, 79(2): 443-449.
32. Carcoforo P, Feo C, Sortini D, et al. Localization of pulmonary nodules. Chest, 2004, 125(2): 796-796.
33. Barmin V, Sadovnichy V, Sokolov M, et al. An original device for intraoperative detection of small indeterminate nodules? Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2014, 46(6): 1027-1031.
34. Okusanya OT, Holt D, Heitjan D, et al. Intraoperative near-infrared imaging can identify pulmonary nodules. Ann Thorac Surg, 2014, 98(4): 1223-1230.
35. Zhao ZR, Lau RW, Ng CS. Hybrid theatre and alternative localization techniques in conventional and single-port video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. J Thorac Dis, 2016, 8(Suppl 3): S319-S327.

Chinese Journal of Clinical Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

Research progress on the intraoperative localization of pulmonary ground-glass nodules

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