Analysis on Risk Factors of 516 Patients with Pulmonary Thromboembolism in Uyghur and Han Nationalities_Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine

Authors：

MAHEMUTI.Ailiman ¹ , AIHEMAITI.Xiaimuxikamaier ² , XI qinmei ¹ , ABUDUREHEMAN.Kailibinuer ¹ ,  WUFUER.Hamulati ³

1. Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, China;2. Department of Pulumonogy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, China;3. Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, China;

Corresponding author：

WUFUER.Hamulati, Email: nayisha2006@hotmail.com

Keywords：

Pulmonary thromboembolism; Risk factor; Uyghur nationality; Han nationality

DOI：

10.7507/1672-2531.20120104

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Objective To analyze the risk factors and clinical characteristics of patients in Uyghur and Han nationalities with pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE), who were hospitalized in past 7 years in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, so as to investigate differences of risk factors between two nationalities.
Methods Through retrospective study, clinical characteristics of PTE patients hospitalized from 2004 to 2010 were analyzed. T-test and chi-square test were used to conduct statistic analysis.
Results a) A total of 516 patients (mean age 58.7±14.8 years old) with complete clinical materials were included, of whom 360 were Han nationality (69.8%, mean age 63.5±15.5 years old) and 156 were Uyghur nationality (30.2%, mean age 52.8±14.3 years old). In Han nationality, the peak age of PTE onset was above 70 years of age, while in Uyghur nationality it was 60 to 69 years of age; b) No significant difference was found in the clinical characteristics between the two nationalities; and c) The commonly acquired risk factors for PET patients in both nationalities possibly were age at or over 40 years old, obesity, embolism history and hyperlipidemia. The main risk factor of PTE was obesity in Uyghur nationality, while that was smoking in Han nationality.
Conclusion The most common acquired risk factors and basic diseases of PTE patients are probably the age at or over 40 years old, obesity, embolism history and hyperlipidemia, and obesity is commonly seen in Uyghur nationality. A large number of further case-control studies are needed to further confirm this conclusion.

Citation： MAHEMUTI.Ailiman,AIHEMAITI.Xiaimuxikamaier,XI qinmei,ABUDUREHEMAN.Kailibinuer,WUFUER.Hamulati. Analysis on Risk Factors of 516 Patients with Pulmonary Thromboembolism in Uyghur and Han Nationalities. Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine, 2012, 12(6): 635-641. doi: 10.7507/1672-2531.20120104 Copy

1.	Torbicki A, Perrier A, Konstantinides S, et al. Guidelines on the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism: the Task Force for the Diagnosis and Management of Acute pulmonary Embolism of the European Society of Cardiology（ESC). Eur Heart J, 2008, 29(18): 2276-2315.
2.	Stein PD, Huang H, Afazal A, et al. Incidence of acute pulmonary embolism in a general hospital: relation to age, sex and rece. Chest, 1999, 116(4): 909-913.
3.	Schmidt M, Horvath-Puho E, Thomsen RW, et al. Acute infections and venous thromboembolism. J Intern Med, 2011, 1111(10): 1365-2796.
4.	Glynn RJ, Rosner B. Comparison of risk factors for the competing risks of coronary heart disease, stroke, and venous thromboembolism. Am J Epidemiol, 2005, 162(10): 975-982.
5.	Montagnana M, Favaloro EJ, Franchini M, et al. The role of ethnicity, age and gender in venous thromboembolism. J Thromb Thrombolysis, 2010, 29(4): 489-496.
6.	Heit JA, Beckman MG, Bockenstedt PL, et al. Comparison of characteristics from White- and Black-Americans with venous thromboembolism: a cross-sectional study. Am J Hematol, 2010, 85(7): 467-471.
7.	Goldhaber SZ. Pulmonary embolism in Black Americans. Am J Hematol, 2010, 85(7): 465-466.
8.	Freeman AL, Pendleton RC, Rondina MT. Prevention of venous thromboembolism in obesity. Expert Rev Cardiovasc, 2010, 8(12): 1711-1721.
9.	Vayá A, Martínez-Triguero ML, España F, et al. The metabolic syndrome and its individual components: its association with venous thromboembolism in a Mediterranean population. Metab Syndr Relat Disord, 2011, 9(3): 197-201.
10.	Di Minno MN, Tufano A, Rusolillo A, et al. High prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver in patients with idiopathic venous thromboembolism. World J Gastroenterol, 2010, 16(48): 6119-6122.
11.	杨环, 李娥, 乔云丽. 维汉两民族肺血栓栓塞症环境危险因素分析及护理探讨. 国际护理学杂志, 2009, 28(6): 766-768.
12.	马依彤, 刘宇, 汤宝鹏, 等. 新疆维吾尔族与汉族冠状动脉造影对比分析. 中国介入心脏病学杂志, 2001, 9(4): 211-212.
13.	Ageno W, Becattini C, Brighton T, et al. Cardiovascular risk factors and venous thromboembolism: a meta-analysis. Circulation, 2008, 117(1): 93-102.
14.	Tsai AW, Cushman M, Rosamond WD, et al. Cardiovascular risk factors and venous thromboembolism incidence: the Longitudinal Investigation of Thromboembolism Etiology. Arch Intern Med, 2002, 162(10): 1182-1189.
15.	Prandoni P, Bilora F, Marchiori A, et al. An association between atherosclerosis and venous thrombosis. N Engl J Med, 2003, 348(15): 1435-1441.
16.	Becattini C, Agnelli G, Prandoni P, et al. A prospective study on cardiovascular events after acute pulmonary embolism. Eur Heart J, 2005, 26(1): 77-83.
17.	Ay C, Tengler T, Vormittag R, et al. Venous thromboembolism--a manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. Haematologica, 2007, 92(3): 374-380.
18.	邓朝胜, 林其昌, 王辰. 老年人肺栓塞的特点和肺血栓栓塞症诊断策略. 中华老年医学杂志, 2008, 27(1): 12-13.
19.	Hjalmarson A, Gilpin EA, Kjekshus J, et al. Influence of heart rate on mortality after acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol, 1990, 65(9): 547-553.
20.	CarnethonMR, Yan L, Greenland P, et al. Resting heart rate in middle age and diabetes development in older age. Diabetes Care, 2008, 31(2): 335-339.
21.	Poole-Wilson PA, Uretsky BF, Thygesen K, et al. Mode of death in heart failure: findings from the ATLAS trial. Heart, 2003, 89(1): 42-48.
22.	Benetos A. Hypertension-heart rate and cardiovascular risk. Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss, 2000, 93(11): 1371-1376.
23.	Giannoglou GD, Chatzizisis YS, Zamboulis C, et al. Elevated heart rate and atherosclerosis: an overview of the pathogenetic mechanisms. Int J Cardiol, 2008, 126(3): 302-312.
24.	Gangireddy C, Rectenwald JR, Upchurch GR, et al. Risk factors and clinical impact of postoperative symptomatic venous thromboembolism. J Vasc Surg, 2007, 45(2): 335-341.
25.	Moua T, Wood K. COPD and PE: a clinical dilemma. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis, 2008, 3(2): 277-284.
26.	Naithani R, Agrawal N, Choudhary VP. Deep venous thrombosis associated with tuberculosis. Blood coagul Fibrinolysis, 2007, 18(4): 377-380.
27.	孙葵葵, 王辰, 古力夏提, 等. 深静脉血栓形成的危险因素及临床分析. 中华结核和呼吸杂志, 2004, 27(411): 727-730.
28.	齐海梅, 刘兵, 艾虎. 70岁以上老年人肺血栓栓塞的临床特点分析. 中华老年医学杂志, 2004, 23(4): 228-231.
29.	Severinsen MT, Overvad K, Johnsen SP, et al. Genetic susceptibility, smoking, obesity and risk of venous thromboembolism. Br J Haematol, 2010, 149(2): 273-279.
30.	Angchaisuksiri P, Atichartakarn V, Aryurachai K, et al. Risk factors of venous thromboembolism in thai patients. Int J Hematol, 2007, 86(5): 397-402.
31.	闺振宇, 华宝来, 马西虎, 等. 672例静脉血栓栓塞症相关危险因素分析. 中华血液学杂志, 2007, 28(9): 579-582.

1. Torbicki A, Perrier A, Konstantinides S, et al. Guidelines on the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism: the Task Force for the Diagnosis and Management of Acute pulmonary Embolism of the European Society of Cardiology（ESC). Eur Heart J, 2008, 29(18): 2276-2315.
2. Stein PD, Huang H, Afazal A, et al. Incidence of acute pulmonary embolism in a general hospital: relation to age, sex and rece. Chest, 1999, 116(4): 909-913.
3. Schmidt M, Horvath-Puho E, Thomsen RW, et al. Acute infections and venous thromboembolism. J Intern Med, 2011, 1111(10): 1365-2796.
4. Glynn RJ, Rosner B. Comparison of risk factors for the competing risks of coronary heart disease, stroke, and venous thromboembolism. Am J Epidemiol, 2005, 162(10): 975-982.
5. Montagnana M, Favaloro EJ, Franchini M, et al. The role of ethnicity, age and gender in venous thromboembolism. J Thromb Thrombolysis, 2010, 29(4): 489-496.
6. Heit JA, Beckman MG, Bockenstedt PL, et al. Comparison of characteristics from White- and Black-Americans with venous thromboembolism: a cross-sectional study. Am J Hematol, 2010, 85(7): 467-471.
7. Goldhaber SZ. Pulmonary embolism in Black Americans. Am J Hematol, 2010, 85(7): 465-466.
8. Freeman AL, Pendleton RC, Rondina MT. Prevention of venous thromboembolism in obesity. Expert Rev Cardiovasc, 2010, 8(12): 1711-1721.
9. Vayá A, Martínez-Triguero ML, España F, et al. The metabolic syndrome and its individual components: its association with venous thromboembolism in a Mediterranean population. Metab Syndr Relat Disord, 2011, 9(3): 197-201.
10. Di Minno MN, Tufano A, Rusolillo A, et al. High prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver in patients with idiopathic venous thromboembolism. World J Gastroenterol, 2010, 16(48): 6119-6122.
11. 杨环, 李娥, 乔云丽. 维汉两民族肺血栓栓塞症环境危险因素分析及护理探讨. 国际护理学杂志, 2009, 28(6): 766-768.
12. 马依彤, 刘宇, 汤宝鹏, 等. 新疆维吾尔族与汉族冠状动脉造影对比分析. 中国介入心脏病学杂志, 2001, 9(4): 211-212.
13. Ageno W, Becattini C, Brighton T, et al. Cardiovascular risk factors and venous thromboembolism: a meta-analysis. Circulation, 2008, 117(1): 93-102.
14. Tsai AW, Cushman M, Rosamond WD, et al. Cardiovascular risk factors and venous thromboembolism incidence: the Longitudinal Investigation of Thromboembolism Etiology. Arch Intern Med, 2002, 162(10): 1182-1189.
15. Prandoni P, Bilora F, Marchiori A, et al. An association between atherosclerosis and venous thrombosis. N Engl J Med, 2003, 348(15): 1435-1441.
16. Becattini C, Agnelli G, Prandoni P, et al. A prospective study on cardiovascular events after acute pulmonary embolism. Eur Heart J, 2005, 26(1): 77-83.
17. Ay C, Tengler T, Vormittag R, et al. Venous thromboembolism--a manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. Haematologica, 2007, 92(3): 374-380.
18. 邓朝胜, 林其昌, 王辰. 老年人肺栓塞的特点和肺血栓栓塞症诊断策略. 中华老年医学杂志, 2008, 27(1): 12-13.
19. Hjalmarson A, Gilpin EA, Kjekshus J, et al. Influence of heart rate on mortality after acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol, 1990, 65(9): 547-553.
20. CarnethonMR, Yan L, Greenland P, et al. Resting heart rate in middle age and diabetes development in older age. Diabetes Care, 2008, 31(2): 335-339.
21. Poole-Wilson PA, Uretsky BF, Thygesen K, et al. Mode of death in heart failure: findings from the ATLAS trial. Heart, 2003, 89(1): 42-48.
22. Benetos A. Hypertension-heart rate and cardiovascular risk. Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss, 2000, 93(11): 1371-1376.
23. Giannoglou GD, Chatzizisis YS, Zamboulis C, et al. Elevated heart rate and atherosclerosis: an overview of the pathogenetic mechanisms. Int J Cardiol, 2008, 126(3): 302-312.
24. Gangireddy C, Rectenwald JR, Upchurch GR, et al. Risk factors and clinical impact of postoperative symptomatic venous thromboembolism. J Vasc Surg, 2007, 45(2): 335-341.
25. Moua T, Wood K. COPD and PE: a clinical dilemma. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis, 2008, 3(2): 277-284.
26. Naithani R, Agrawal N, Choudhary VP. Deep venous thrombosis associated with tuberculosis. Blood coagul Fibrinolysis, 2007, 18(4): 377-380.
27. 孙葵葵, 王辰, 古力夏提, 等. 深静脉血栓形成的危险因素及临床分析. 中华结核和呼吸杂志, 2004, 27(411): 727-730.
28. 齐海梅, 刘兵, 艾虎. 70岁以上老年人肺血栓栓塞的临床特点分析. 中华老年医学杂志, 2004, 23(4): 228-231.
29. Severinsen MT, Overvad K, Johnsen SP, et al. Genetic susceptibility, smoking, obesity and risk of venous thromboembolism. Br J Haematol, 2010, 149(2): 273-279.
30. Angchaisuksiri P, Atichartakarn V, Aryurachai K, et al. Risk factors of venous thromboembolism in thai patients. Int J Hematol, 2007, 86(5): 397-402.
31. 闺振宇, 华宝来, 马西虎, 等. 672例静脉血栓栓塞症相关危险因素分析. 中华血液学杂志, 2007, 28(9): 579-582.

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