支气管扩张症(简称支扩)是一种慢性肺部疾病，特征性地表现为支气管异常、持久的扩张和破坏，临床处理困难。虽然支扩的病因多种多样，但细菌性感染和持续性炎症是其典型病变，且反复发生，导致病情不断恶化。临床表现主要为发热、咯脓性痰，并常伴有胸痛和咯血。在支扩患者的痰中最常分离培养出的细菌是流感嗜血杆菌、肺炎链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和铜绿假单胞菌，其中铜绿假单胞菌是病程晚期最常见也是最难处理的感染病原体，往往难以清除，并与病情的加重和恶化密切相关，与其他病原体感染相比可导致更快的肺功能和生活质量的下降[1]。
Citation：
施毅. 雾化吸入抗生素在支气管扩张症中的应用. Chinese Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 2007, 6(3): 163-165. doi:
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- 1. Barker AF，Couch L，Fiel TB，et al. Tobramycin solution for inhalation reduces sputum Pseudomonas aeruginosa density in bronchiectasis.Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000 Aug;162(2 Pt 1):481-5.
- 2. Couch LA. Treatment With tobramycin solution for inhalation in bronchiectasis patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Chest. 2001 Sep;120(3 Suppl):114S-117S.
- 3. Kuhn RJ. Formulation of aerosolized therapeutics.，2001，120()：94s-98s.
- 4. Campbell PW 3rd, Saiman L. Use of aerosolized antibiotics in patients with cystic fibrosis..Chest，1999，116()：775-788.
- 5. Scheinberg P，Shore E. A pilot study of the safety and efficacy of tobramycin solution for inhalation in patients with severe bronchiectasis..Chest，2005，127：1420-1426.
- 6. Falagas ME，Siempos II，Bliziotis IA，et al. Administration of antibiotics via the respiratory tract for the prevention of ICU-acquired pneumonia: a meta-analysis of comparative trials.Crit Care，2006，10(4)：R123.
