Meta-Analysis of the Relationship Between Smoking and Lung Cancer_Chinese Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine

Authors：

WANG Dongmei ¹ ,  LI Weimin ^1,2 , LI Jing ³ , CHEN Wenbin. ¹

Department of Respiratory Diseases,West China Hospital, Sichuan University.Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China;

Corresponding author：

LI Weimin, Email: weimi003@yahoo.com

Keywords：

Lungcancer; Meta-analysis; Smoking; Riskfactors

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Objective To investigate the relationship between smoking and lung cancer by evidence-based evaluation. Methods Using Meta-analysis method, the results of 29 case-control studies involving the relationship between smoking and lung cancer in recent decade were analyzed by Review Manager 4. 2 software. Results The association between smoking and lung cancer was significant ( Z =12. 16, P lt; 0. 000 01) , and the pooled OR value was 5. 75( 4. 34, 7. 62) . The population attributable risk percentage( PARP) of smoking was 69. 16% . The pooled OR of 1-10 cpd( cigarettes per day) , 10-20 cpd, 20-40 cpd and more than 40 cpd were 1. 97( 1. 69, 2. 30) , 5. 20( 3. 54, 7. 62) , 7. 46( 5. 22, 10. 67) and 15. 14 ( 5. 27, 43. 44) respectively. The pooled OR of less than 20 years of smoking duration, 20-40 years and more than 40 years were 1. 25( 1. 01, 1. 53) , 5. 10( 3. 03, 8. 57) and 10. 77( 7. 30, 15. 89) respectively. While the pooled ORof less than 10 pack-years, 10-20 pack-years, 20-40 pack-years and more than 40 pack-years were 1. 73( 1. 01, 2. 96) , 3. 73 ( 3. 02, 4. 61) , 5. 69 ( 3. 79, 8. 54) and 8. 41 ( 4. 56, 15. 51) respectively. The pooled OR of initial smoking age less than 15 years old, 15-20 years old and more than 20 years old were 13. 31( 7. 09, 24. 97) , 7. 21( 4. 51, 11. 52) and 4. 74( 3. 47, 6. 47) respectively. The pooled OR of quitting smoking for 1-10 years, 10-20 years and more than 20 years were 7. 16( 4. 70, 10. 91) , 2. 12( 1. 16, 3. 86)and 1. 47 ( 0. 67, 3. 20 ) respectively, and more than 20 years of quitting smoking had no significant difference. The pooled OR of light smoking and deep smoking were 3. 26( 1. 24, 8. 58) and 8. 07( 4. 67, 13. 94) respectively. Conclusions Smoking is an important risk factor of lung cancer. Meta-anlalysis revealed cigarettes comsuption per day, smoking duration, total amount of cigarettes ( pack-years) , smoking behaviour( depth) , initial age of smoking and duration of quitting smoking can increase the risk of lung cancer.

Citation： WANG Dongmei,LI Weimin,LI Jing,CHEN Wenbin.. Meta-Analysis of the Relationship Between Smoking and Lung Cancer. Chinese Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 2009, 09(3): 229-233. doi: Copy

1.	Pirozynski M.
2.	Lichtenstein MJ, Mulrow CD, Elwood PC. Guidelines for reading case-control studies. J Chronic Dis, 1987, 40: 893-903.
3.	Light RJ, Pillemer DB. Quantitative procedures. In Summing up: The Science of Reviewing Research: Harvard University Press, 1984.
4.	Rachtan J, Sokolowski A. Risk factors for lung cancer among women in Poland. Lung Cancer, 1997, 18: 137-145.
5.	刘双, 刘泽英, 胡尚基. 吸烟与肺癌发生的回顾性分析. 心肺血管病杂志, 1999, 18: 222-223.
6.	Pohlabeln H, J　ckel KH, Müller KM. The relation between various histological types of lung cancer and the number of years since cessation of smoking. Lung Cancer, 1997, 18: 223-229.
7.	Matos E, Vilensky M, Boffetta P, et al. Lung cancer and smoking: a case-control study in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Lung Cancer, 1998 ,21: 155-163.
8.	J　ckel KH, Ahrens W, Jahn I, et al. Occupational risk factors for lung cancer: a case-control study in West Germany. Int J Epidemiol,1998, 27: 549-560.
9.	Droste JH, Weyler JJ, Van Meerbeeck JP, et al. Occupational risk factors of lung cancer: a hospital based case-control study. Occup Environ Med, 1999, 56: 322-327.
10.	Agudo A, Ahrens W, Benhamou E, et al. Lung cancer and cigarette smoking in women: a multicenter case-control study in Europe. Int J Cancer, 2000, 88: 820-827.
11.	Osann KE, Lowery JT, Schell MJ. Small cell lung cancer in women:risk associated with smoking, prior respiratory disease, and occupation. Lung Cancer, 2000, 28: 1-10.
12.	Simonato L, Zambon P, Ardit S, et al. Lung cancer risk in Venice: a population-based case-control study. Eur J Cancer Prev, 2000 , 9: 35 -39.
13.	Seow A, Poh WT, Teh M, et al. Fumes from meat cooking and lung cancer risk in Chinese women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev,2000, 9: 1215-1221.
14.	顾雪松. 吸烟与肺癌危险性的病例对照研究. 江苏预防医学,2000, 11: 18-19.
15.	Stellman SD, Takezaki T, Wang L, et al. Smoking and Lung Cancer Risk in American and Japanese Men: An International Case-Control Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 2001, 10: 1193-1199.
16.	Pisa FE, Barbone F, Betta A, et al. Residential radon and risk of lung cancer in an Italian alpine area. Arch Environ Health, 2001 ,56: 208-215.
17.	Kreienbrock L, Kreuzer M, Gerken M, et al. Case-control study on lung cancer and residential radon in western Germany. Am J Epidemiol, 2001, 153: 42-52.
18.	Rachtan J. Smoking, passive smoking and lung cancer cell types among women in Poland. Lung Cancer, 2002, 35: 129-136.
19.	Kubík AK,Zatloukal P, Tomásek L, et al. Lung cancer risk among Czech women: a case-control study. Prev Med, 2002, 34: 436 -444.
20.	Sasco AJ, Merrill RM, Dari I, et al. A case-control study of lung cancer in Casablanca, Morocco. Cancer Causes Control, 2002, 13 :609-616.
21.	Ruano-Ravina A, Figueiras A, Montes-Martínez A, et al. Doseresponse relationship between tobacco and lung cancer: new findings. Eur J Cancer Prev, 2003, 12: 257-263.
22.	Chan-Yeung M, Koo LC, Ho JC, et al. Risk factors associated with lung cancer in Hong Kong. Lung Cancer, 2003, 40: 131-140.
23.	张亚旭, 吴树岭, 韩惠丽. 哈尔滨市南岗区103 例肺癌患者相关危险因素对照分析. 中国初级卫生保健, 2003, 17: 32-33.
24.	De Stefani E, Deneo-Pellegrini H, Boffetta P, et al. Cigarette smoking and risk of large cell carcinoma of the lung: a case-control study in Uruguay. Lung Cancer, 2004, 43: 267-274.
25.	卢家强, 陈亚利, 霍敏琴. 顺德容奇地区肺癌危险因素的病例对照研究. 中国自然医学杂志, 2004, 6: 13-15.
26.	Fano V, Michelozzi P, Ancona C, et al. Occupational and environmental exposures and lung cancer in an industrialised area in Italy. Occup Environ Med, 2004, 61: 757-763.
27.	Marugame T, Sobue T, Nakayama T, et al. Filter cigarette smoking and lung cancer risk; a hospital-based case--control study in Japan.Br J Cancer, 2004, 90: 646-651.
28.	De Stefani E, Boffetta P, Brennan P, et al. Occupational exposures and risk of adenocarcinoma of the lung in Uruguay. Cancer Causes Control, 2005, 16: 851-856.
29.	韩勇, 王云杰, 朱江, 等. 西安地区肺癌危险因素的病例对照分析. 现代肿瘤医学, 2005, 13: 267-269.
30.	Franco-Marina F, Villalba-Caloca J, Corcho-Berdugo A, et al. Role of active and passive smoking on lung cancer etiology in Mexico City. Salud Publica Mex, 2006, 48( suppl 1) : S75-S82.
31.	Neuberger JS, Mahnken JD, Mayo MS, et al. Risk factors for lung cancer in Iowa women: implications for prevention. Cancer Detect Prev, 2006, 30: 158-167.
32.	靳光付, 胡志斌, 马红霞, 等. 肿瘤家族史和吸烟在肺癌发生中的交互作用研究. 中华流行病学杂志, 2006, 27: 1095-1096.
33.	Wakai K, Inoue M, Mizoue T, et al. Tobacco Smoking and Lung Cancer Risk: An Evaluation Based on a Systematic Review of Epidemiological Evidence Among the Japanese Population. Jpn J Clin Oncol, 2006, 36: 309-324.
34.	years of lung cancer. Respir Med, 2006 , 100 :2073-2084.

1. Pirozynski M.
2. Lichtenstein MJ, Mulrow CD, Elwood PC. Guidelines for reading case-control studies. J Chronic Dis, 1987, 40: 893-903.
3. Light RJ, Pillemer DB. Quantitative procedures. In Summing up: The Science of Reviewing Research: Harvard University Press, 1984.
4. Rachtan J, Sokolowski A. Risk factors for lung cancer among women in Poland. Lung Cancer, 1997, 18: 137-145.
5. 刘双, 刘泽英, 胡尚基. 吸烟与肺癌发生的回顾性分析. 心肺血管病杂志, 1999, 18: 222-223.
6. Pohlabeln H, J　ckel KH, Müller KM. The relation between various histological types of lung cancer and the number of years since cessation of smoking. Lung Cancer, 1997, 18: 223-229.
7. Matos E, Vilensky M, Boffetta P, et al. Lung cancer and smoking: a case-control study in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Lung Cancer, 1998 ,21: 155-163.
8. J　ckel KH, Ahrens W, Jahn I, et al. Occupational risk factors for lung cancer: a case-control study in West Germany. Int J Epidemiol,1998, 27: 549-560.
9. Droste JH, Weyler JJ, Van Meerbeeck JP, et al. Occupational risk factors of lung cancer: a hospital based case-control study. Occup Environ Med, 1999, 56: 322-327.
10. Agudo A, Ahrens W, Benhamou E, et al. Lung cancer and cigarette smoking in women: a multicenter case-control study in Europe. Int J Cancer, 2000, 88: 820-827.
11. Osann KE, Lowery JT, Schell MJ. Small cell lung cancer in women:risk associated with smoking, prior respiratory disease, and occupation. Lung Cancer, 2000, 28: 1-10.
12. Simonato L, Zambon P, Ardit S, et al. Lung cancer risk in Venice: a population-based case-control study. Eur J Cancer Prev, 2000 , 9: 35 -39.
13. Seow A, Poh WT, Teh M, et al. Fumes from meat cooking and lung cancer risk in Chinese women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev,2000, 9: 1215-1221.
14. 顾雪松. 吸烟与肺癌危险性的病例对照研究. 江苏预防医学,2000, 11: 18-19.
15. Stellman SD, Takezaki T, Wang L, et al. Smoking and Lung Cancer Risk in American and Japanese Men: An International Case-Control Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 2001, 10: 1193-1199.
16. Pisa FE, Barbone F, Betta A, et al. Residential radon and risk of lung cancer in an Italian alpine area. Arch Environ Health, 2001 ,56: 208-215.
17. Kreienbrock L, Kreuzer M, Gerken M, et al. Case-control study on lung cancer and residential radon in western Germany. Am J Epidemiol, 2001, 153: 42-52.
18. Rachtan J. Smoking, passive smoking and lung cancer cell types among women in Poland. Lung Cancer, 2002, 35: 129-136.
19. Kubík AK,Zatloukal P, Tomásek L, et al. Lung cancer risk among Czech women: a case-control study. Prev Med, 2002, 34: 436 -444.
20. Sasco AJ, Merrill RM, Dari I, et al. A case-control study of lung cancer in Casablanca, Morocco. Cancer Causes Control, 2002, 13 :609-616.
21. Ruano-Ravina A, Figueiras A, Montes-Martínez A, et al. Doseresponse relationship between tobacco and lung cancer: new findings. Eur J Cancer Prev, 2003, 12: 257-263.
22. Chan-Yeung M, Koo LC, Ho JC, et al. Risk factors associated with lung cancer in Hong Kong. Lung Cancer, 2003, 40: 131-140.
23. 张亚旭, 吴树岭, 韩惠丽. 哈尔滨市南岗区103 例肺癌患者相关危险因素对照分析. 中国初级卫生保健, 2003, 17: 32-33.
24. De Stefani E, Deneo-Pellegrini H, Boffetta P, et al. Cigarette smoking and risk of large cell carcinoma of the lung: a case-control study in Uruguay. Lung Cancer, 2004, 43: 267-274.
25. 卢家强, 陈亚利, 霍敏琴. 顺德容奇地区肺癌危险因素的病例对照研究. 中国自然医学杂志, 2004, 6: 13-15.
26. Fano V, Michelozzi P, Ancona C, et al. Occupational and environmental exposures and lung cancer in an industrialised area in Italy. Occup Environ Med, 2004, 61: 757-763.
27. Marugame T, Sobue T, Nakayama T, et al. Filter cigarette smoking and lung cancer risk; a hospital-based case--control study in Japan.Br J Cancer, 2004, 90: 646-651.
28. De Stefani E, Boffetta P, Brennan P, et al. Occupational exposures and risk of adenocarcinoma of the lung in Uruguay. Cancer Causes Control, 2005, 16: 851-856.
29. 韩勇, 王云杰, 朱江, 等. 西安地区肺癌危险因素的病例对照分析. 现代肿瘤医学, 2005, 13: 267-269.
30. Franco-Marina F, Villalba-Caloca J, Corcho-Berdugo A, et al. Role of active and passive smoking on lung cancer etiology in Mexico City. Salud Publica Mex, 2006, 48( suppl 1) : S75-S82.
31. Neuberger JS, Mahnken JD, Mayo MS, et al. Risk factors for lung cancer in Iowa women: implications for prevention. Cancer Detect Prev, 2006, 30: 158-167.
32. 靳光付, 胡志斌, 马红霞, 等. 肿瘤家族史和吸烟在肺癌发生中的交互作用研究. 中华流行病学杂志, 2006, 27: 1095-1096.
33. Wakai K, Inoue M, Mizoue T, et al. Tobacco Smoking and Lung Cancer Risk: An Evaluation Based on a Systematic Review of Epidemiological Evidence Among the Japanese Population. Jpn J Clin Oncol, 2006, 36: 309-324.
34. years of lung cancer. Respir Med, 2006 , 100 :2073-2084.

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