EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON ESTABLISHMENT OF A SIMPLE MODEL OF RATS CRUSH INJURY-CRUSH SYNDROME_Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery

Authors：

CHEN Xi ¹ , LIU Yuehong ¹ , XU Wei ¹ , QIN Tingwu ² , ZHAO Luping ¹ , LIU Shuping ¹ , ZHANG Yi ² , TAN Hong ¹ , ZHOU Yu ¹

1Department of Orthopedics, People’s Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang Sichuan, 618000, P.R.China;;
2Division of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University. Corresponding author: LIU Yuehong, E-mail: liuyuehong@vip.sina.com;

Corresponding author：

Keywords：

Crush injury-crush syndrome; Animal model; Rat

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Objective To establish a repeatable, simple, and effective model of rat crush injury and crush syndrome (CS) so as to lay a foundation for further study on CS. Methods A total of 42 female Sprague Dawley rats (2-month-old, weighing 160-180 g) were divided randomly into the control group (n=6) and experimental group (n=36). The rats of the experimental group were used to establish the crush injury and CS model in both lower limbs by self-made crush injury mould. The survival rate and hematuria rate were observed after decompression. The biochemical indexes of blood were measured at 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 hours after decompression. The samples of muscle, kidney, and heart were harvested for morphological observation. There was no treatment in the control group, and the same tests were performed. Results Seven rats died and 15 rats had hematuria during compression in the experimental group. Swelling of the lower limb and muscle tissue was observed in the survival rats after reperfusion. The liver function test results showed that the levels of alanine transaminase and aspartate aminotransferase in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P lt; 0.05). The renal function test results showed that blood urea nitrogen level increased significantly after 2 hours of decompression in the experimental group, showing significant difference when compared with that in the control group at 12, 24, and 48 hours after decompression (P lt; 0.05); the creatinine level of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group at 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours, showing significant difference at 8, 12, and 24 hours (P lt; 0.05). The serum K+ concentration of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group at all time, showing significant difference at the other time (P lt; 0.05) except at 2 hours. The creatine kinase level showed an increasing tendency in the experimental group, showing significant difference when compared with the level of the control group at 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours (P lt; 0.05). The histological examination of the experimental group showed that obvious edema and necrosis of the muscle were observed at different time points; glomeruli congestion and swelling, renal tubular epithelial cell degeneration, edema, necrosis, and myoglobin tube type were found in the kidneys; and myocardial structure had no obvious changes. Conclusion The method of the crush injury and CS model by self-made crush injury mould is a simple and effective procedure and the experimental result is stable. It is a simple method to establish an effective model of rats crush injury and CS.

Citation： CHEN Xi,LIU Yuehong,XU Wei,QIN Tingwu,ZHAO Luping,LIU Shuping,ZHANG Yi,TAN Hong,ZHOU Yu. EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON ESTABLISHMENT OF A SIMPLE MODEL OF RATS CRUSH INJURY-CRUSH SYNDROME. Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery, 2013, 27(1): 77-82. doi: Copy

1.	Bywaters EG, Beall D. Crush injuries with impairment of renal function. Br Med J, 1941, 1(4185): 427-432.
2.	Akimau P, Yoshiya K, Hosotsubo H, et al. New experimental model of crush injury of the hindlimbs in rats. J Trauma, 2005, 58(1): 51-58.
3.	刘水平, 陈玉川, 郭薇, 等. 挤压伤大鼠血浆内皮素含量与心脏损伤的关系. 中山医科大学学报, 2002, 23(1): 27-28, 43.
4.	Golling M, Fonouni H, Mehrab A, et al. Crush syndrome due to drug-induced compartment syndrome: a rare condition not to be overlooked. Surg Today, 2009, 39(7): 558-565.
5.	Altintepe L, Guney I, Tonbul Z, et al. Early and intensive fluid replacement prevents acute renal failure in the crush cases associated with spontaneous collapse of an apartment in Konya. Ren Fail, 2007, 29(6): 737-741.
6.	韩业兴, 谷振勇, 丛斌, 等. 挤压家兔后肢导致急性肝损伤和抗氧化能力降低. 法医学杂志, 2006, 22(4): 248-250.
7.	Khan FY. Rhabdomyolysis: a review of the literature. Neth J Med, 2009, 67(9): 272-283.
8.	高彩荣, 安峰, 王英元, 等. 挤压伤-挤压综合征的实验病理学研究. 中国法医学杂志, 2001, 16(1): 26-28.
9.	Dhar D, Varghese TP. Crush syndrome case report and literature review. Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 2010, 3(3): 319-323.
10.	Robert N, Reddix JR, Robert A. Crush syndrome presenting three days after injury. Injury Extra, 2004, 5(1): 73-75.
11.	刘水平, 陈玉川, 郭薇, 等. 挤压综合征大鼠血清酶浓度变化的初步研究. 法医学杂志, 2001, 17(4): 205-206.
12.	Wang WZ, Fang XH, Linda L. Ischemia/repedusion-induced necrosis and apoptosis in the cells isolated from rat skeletal muscle. J Orthop Res, 2008, 26(3): 351-356.
13.	Storgaard M, Rasmussen K, Ebskov B. Traumatic rhabdomyolysis. Physiopathology and treatment. Ugeskr Lacger, 1998, 160 (7): 987-990.
14.	Malinoski DJ, Slater MS, Mullins RJ. Crush injury and rhabdomyolysis. Crit Care Clin, 2004, 20(1): 171-192.
15.	Zhou JL, Jin GH, Yi YL, et al. Role of nitric oxide and peroxynitrite anion in lung injury induced by intestinal ischemia-reperfusion in rats. World J Gastroenterol, 2003, 9(6): 1318-1322.
16.	刘水平, 陈玉川, 郭薇, 等. 挤压伤大鼠血清对心肌细胞蛋白质合成的影响. 中国病理生理杂志, 2002, 18(11): 1429-1430.
17.	郭进春, 赖小今, 廖明松, 等. 家兔严重挤压伤后心肌组织继发损伤的实验研究. 解放军医学杂志, 2011, 36(11): 1233-1236.
18.	刘水平, 陈玉川, 郭薇, 等. 肢体挤压伤早期心脏损伤的实验研究. 中华创伤杂志, 2001, 17(12): 729-731.
19.	胡娟, 王启军. CRRT在地震CS患者肌肉损伤和肾功能衰竭中的诊断评估. 中国实验诊断学, 2009, 13(7): 925-927.
20.	王立金, 王慧, 方玉荣. 挤压伤引起多器官功能障碍综合征的实验研究. 中国工业医学杂志, 2003, 16(3): 152-155.
21.	王威, 王岩, 杨静, 等. 压迫面积、时间和重量与大鼠挤压伤/挤压综合征的相关性研究. 中华创伤杂志, 2010, 26(10): 914-918.

1. Bywaters EG, Beall D. Crush injuries with impairment of renal function. Br Med J, 1941, 1(4185): 427-432.
2. Akimau P, Yoshiya K, Hosotsubo H, et al. New experimental model of crush injury of the hindlimbs in rats. J Trauma, 2005, 58(1): 51-58.
3. 刘水平, 陈玉川, 郭薇, 等. 挤压伤大鼠血浆内皮素含量与心脏损伤的关系. 中山医科大学学报, 2002, 23(1): 27-28, 43.
4. Golling M, Fonouni H, Mehrab A, et al. Crush syndrome due to drug-induced compartment syndrome: a rare condition not to be overlooked. Surg Today, 2009, 39(7): 558-565.
5. Altintepe L, Guney I, Tonbul Z, et al. Early and intensive fluid replacement prevents acute renal failure in the crush cases associated with spontaneous collapse of an apartment in Konya. Ren Fail, 2007, 29(6): 737-741.
6. 韩业兴, 谷振勇, 丛斌, 等. 挤压家兔后肢导致急性肝损伤和抗氧化能力降低. 法医学杂志, 2006, 22(4): 248-250.
7. Khan FY. Rhabdomyolysis: a review of the literature. Neth J Med, 2009, 67(9): 272-283.
8. 高彩荣, 安峰, 王英元, 等. 挤压伤-挤压综合征的实验病理学研究. 中国法医学杂志, 2001, 16(1): 26-28.
9. Dhar D, Varghese TP. Crush syndrome case report and literature review. Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 2010, 3(3): 319-323.
10. Robert N, Reddix JR, Robert A. Crush syndrome presenting three days after injury. Injury Extra, 2004, 5(1): 73-75.
11. 刘水平, 陈玉川, 郭薇, 等. 挤压综合征大鼠血清酶浓度变化的初步研究. 法医学杂志, 2001, 17(4): 205-206.
12. Wang WZ, Fang XH, Linda L. Ischemia/repedusion-induced necrosis and apoptosis in the cells isolated from rat skeletal muscle. J Orthop Res, 2008, 26(3): 351-356.
13. Storgaard M, Rasmussen K, Ebskov B. Traumatic rhabdomyolysis. Physiopathology and treatment. Ugeskr Lacger, 1998, 160 (7): 987-990.
14. Malinoski DJ, Slater MS, Mullins RJ. Crush injury and rhabdomyolysis. Crit Care Clin, 2004, 20(1): 171-192.
15. Zhou JL, Jin GH, Yi YL, et al. Role of nitric oxide and peroxynitrite anion in lung injury induced by intestinal ischemia-reperfusion in rats. World J Gastroenterol, 2003, 9(6): 1318-1322.
16. 刘水平, 陈玉川, 郭薇, 等. 挤压伤大鼠血清对心肌细胞蛋白质合成的影响. 中国病理生理杂志, 2002, 18(11): 1429-1430.
17. 郭进春, 赖小今, 廖明松, 等. 家兔严重挤压伤后心肌组织继发损伤的实验研究. 解放军医学杂志, 2011, 36(11): 1233-1236.
18. 刘水平, 陈玉川, 郭薇, 等. 肢体挤压伤早期心脏损伤的实验研究. 中华创伤杂志, 2001, 17(12): 729-731.
19. 胡娟, 王启军. CRRT在地震CS患者肌肉损伤和肾功能衰竭中的诊断评估. 中国实验诊断学, 2009, 13(7): 925-927.
20. 王立金, 王慧, 方玉荣. 挤压伤引起多器官功能障碍综合征的实验研究. 中国工业医学杂志, 2003, 16(3): 152-155.
21. 王威, 王岩, 杨静, 等. 压迫面积、时间和重量与大鼠挤压伤/挤压综合征的相关性研究. 中华创伤杂志, 2010, 26(10): 914-918.

Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON ESTABLISHMENT OF A SIMPLE MODEL OF RATS CRUSH INJURY-CRUSH SYNDROME

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