EXPRESSION OF ANDROGEN RECEPTOR IN GENITAL TISSUE OF PATIENTS WITH CONGENITAL HYPOSPADIAS AND SIMPLE CHORDEE_Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery

Authors：

AN Yu ¹ , LIU Xuehui ² , TANG Yunman ³ , LIU Jing ¹ , LI Jun ¹ , LUO Yizhao ¹ , QIU Mingxing. ¹

1Department of Urology Surgery, 3Department of Pediatric Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences &;
SichuanProvincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu Sichuan, 610072, P.R.China;;
2Department of Geriatric, Sichuan Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital.;

Corresponding author：

Keywords：

Congenital hypospadias; Simple chordee; Androgen receptor

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Objective To investigate the local ization and expression characteristics of androgen receptor (AR) in genital tissue of patients with congenital hypospadias and simple chordee. Methods Between August 2005 and Janury 2007, dorsal prepuce, ventral perimeatal skin, and urethral plate were harvested from 25 patients with congenital hypospadias (aged from 1 year and 11 months to 19 years with an average of 3 years and 7 months) and 4 patients with simple chordee (aged from 3 years and 6 months to 16 years with an average of 7 years and 1 month). Prepuce by circumcision from 18 patients was used as control. The expression intensity and distribution of AR were assessed with mmunohistochemistry. Results AR was expressed in prepuce tissues from congentital hypospadias, simple chordee, and control. The AR positive cell rates were 62.94% ± 5.40% and 62.87% ± 5.33% in dorsal and ventral prepuce of control patients respectively, and were 59.00% ± 3.75%, 58.46% ± 4.14%, and 52.30% ± 3.53% in dorsal prepuce, ventral perimeatal skin, and urethral plate of patients with congenital hypospadias respectively. AR positive cell rate was significantly lower in patients with congenital hypospadias than in control patients (P lt; 0.05), and in urethral plate than in dorsal prepuce and ventral perimeatal skin of patients with congenital hypospadias (P lt; 0.05), and no significant difference was detected between dorsal and ventral specimens (P gt; 0.05). Stratified analysis showed a similar expression mode in severe hypospadias group and severe chordee group (P lt; 0.05). In mild to moderate hypospadias group and mild to moderate chordee group, no significant difference was shown when dorsal and ventral skin specimens were compared to that in normal control (P gt; 0.05), with AR expression diminished in urethral plate (P lt; 0.05), and AR decrease was relative to severity of chordee (P lt; 0.05). The AR positive cell rates were 59.69% ± 2.73%, 55.71% ± 1.67%,and 51.92% ± 1.87% in dorsal, ventral skin, and urethral late of patients with chordee respectively. Reducing tendency of AR expression was observed. Conclusion AR expression decreases in penile skin of patients with congenital hypospadias and simple chordee, especially in urethral plate.

Citation： AN Yu,LIU Xuehui,TANG Yunman,LIU Jing,LI Jun,LUO Yizhao,QIU Mingxing.. EXPRESSION OF ANDROGEN RECEPTOR IN GENITAL TISSUE OF PATIENTS WITH CONGENITAL HYPOSPADIAS AND SIMPLE CHORDEE. Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery, 2012, 26(4): 461-465. doi: Copy

1.	Kalfa N, Philibert P, Sultan C. Is hypospadias a genetic, endocrine or environmental disease, or still an unexplained malformation? Int J Androl, 2009, 32(3): 187-197.
2.	Kalfa N, Philibert P, Baskin LS, et al. Hypospadias: interactions between environment and genetics. Mol Cell Endocrinol, 2011, 335(2): 89-95.
3.	Vottero A, Minari R, Viani I, et al. Evidence for epigenetic abnormalities of the androgen receptor gene in foreskin from children with hypospadias. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2011, 96(12): E1953-1962.
4.	Kojima Y, Kohri K, Hayashi Y. Genetic pathway of external genitalia formation and molecular etiology of hypospadias. J Pediatr Urol, 2010, 6(4): 346-354.
5.	Yong W, Yang Z, Periyasamy S, et al. Essential role for Co-chaperone Fkbp52 but not Fkbp51 in androgen receptor-mediated signaling and physiology. J Biol Chem, 2007, 282(7): 5026-5036.
6.	Beleza-Meireles A, Barbaro M, Wedell A, et al. Studies of a co-chaperone of the androgen receptor, FKBP52, as candidate for hypospadias. Reprod Biol Endocrinol, 2007, 5: 8.
7.	李春, 谢家伦, 卢汉平. 先天性尿道下裂阴茎皮肤细胞雌雄激素受体表达及胞核内的聚集. 中华小儿外科杂志, 1998, 19(5): 275-278.
8.	Bentvelsen FM, Brinkmann AO, van der Linden JE, et al. Decreased immunoreactive androgen receptor levels are not the cause of isolated hypospadias. Br J Urol, 1995, 76(3): 384-388.
9.	蒋学武, 陈绍基, 王光义, 等. 先天性尿道下裂阴茎雄激素受体的研究. 中华小儿外科杂志, 1995, 16(3): 141-142.
10.	Celayir S, Eliçevik M, Tireli G, et al. Expression of estrogen and androgen receptors in children with hypospadias: preliminary report. Arch Androl, 2007, 53(2): 83-85.
11.	唐耘熳, 黄进, 陈绍基, 等. 小儿先天性无尿道下裂阴茎下曲畸形的解剖特点及诊治. 中国修复重建外科杂志, 2006, 20(3): 217-219.
12.	Baskin LS. Hypospadias and urethral development. J Urol, 2000, 163(3): 951-956.
13.	Kraft KH, Shukla AR, Canning DA. Hypospadias. Urol Clin North Am, 2010, 37(2): 167-181.
14.	Roberts J. Hypospadias surgery past, present and future. Curr Opin Urol, 2010, 20(6): 483-489.
15.	Barbagli G, Perovic S, Djinovic R, et al. Retrospective descriptive analysis of 1,176 patients with failed hypospadias repair. J Urol, 2010, 183(1): 207-211.
16.	Catti M, Demède D, Valmalle AF, et al. Management of severe hypospadias. Indian J Urol, 2008, 24(2): 233-240.
17.	Montag S, Palmer LS. Abnormalities of penile curvature: chordee and penile torsion. Scientific World Journal, 2011, 11: 1470-1478.
18.	Tang YM, Chen SJ, Huang LG, et al. Chordee without hypospadias: report of 79 Chinese prepubertal cases. J Androl, 2007, 28(4): 630-633.
19.	Bhat A. Extended urethral mobilization in incised plate urethroplasty for severe hypospadias: a variation in technique to improve chordee correction. J Urol, 2007, 178(3 Pt 1): 1031-1035.
20.	Snodgrass WT. Management of penile curvature in children. Curr Opin Urol, 2008, 18(4): 431-435.

1. Kalfa N, Philibert P, Sultan C. Is hypospadias a genetic, endocrine or environmental disease, or still an unexplained malformation? Int J Androl, 2009, 32(3): 187-197.
2. Kalfa N, Philibert P, Baskin LS, et al. Hypospadias: interactions between environment and genetics. Mol Cell Endocrinol, 2011, 335(2): 89-95.
3. Vottero A, Minari R, Viani I, et al. Evidence for epigenetic abnormalities of the androgen receptor gene in foreskin from children with hypospadias. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2011, 96(12): E1953-1962.
4. Kojima Y, Kohri K, Hayashi Y. Genetic pathway of external genitalia formation and molecular etiology of hypospadias. J Pediatr Urol, 2010, 6(4): 346-354.
5. Yong W, Yang Z, Periyasamy S, et al. Essential role for Co-chaperone Fkbp52 but not Fkbp51 in androgen receptor-mediated signaling and physiology. J Biol Chem, 2007, 282(7): 5026-5036.
6. Beleza-Meireles A, Barbaro M, Wedell A, et al. Studies of a co-chaperone of the androgen receptor, FKBP52, as candidate for hypospadias. Reprod Biol Endocrinol, 2007, 5: 8.
7. 李春, 谢家伦, 卢汉平. 先天性尿道下裂阴茎皮肤细胞雌雄激素受体表达及胞核内的聚集. 中华小儿外科杂志, 1998, 19(5): 275-278.
8. Bentvelsen FM, Brinkmann AO, van der Linden JE, et al. Decreased immunoreactive androgen receptor levels are not the cause of isolated hypospadias. Br J Urol, 1995, 76(3): 384-388.
9. 蒋学武, 陈绍基, 王光义, 等. 先天性尿道下裂阴茎雄激素受体的研究. 中华小儿外科杂志, 1995, 16(3): 141-142.
10. Celayir S, Eliçevik M, Tireli G, et al. Expression of estrogen and androgen receptors in children with hypospadias: preliminary report. Arch Androl, 2007, 53(2): 83-85.
11. 唐耘熳, 黄进, 陈绍基, 等. 小儿先天性无尿道下裂阴茎下曲畸形的解剖特点及诊治. 中国修复重建外科杂志, 2006, 20(3): 217-219.
12. Baskin LS. Hypospadias and urethral development. J Urol, 2000, 163(3): 951-956.
13. Kraft KH, Shukla AR, Canning DA. Hypospadias. Urol Clin North Am, 2010, 37(2): 167-181.
14. Roberts J. Hypospadias surgery past, present and future. Curr Opin Urol, 2010, 20(6): 483-489.
15. Barbagli G, Perovic S, Djinovic R, et al. Retrospective descriptive analysis of 1,176 patients with failed hypospadias repair. J Urol, 2010, 183(1): 207-211.
16. Catti M, Demède D, Valmalle AF, et al. Management of severe hypospadias. Indian J Urol, 2008, 24(2): 233-240.
17. Montag S, Palmer LS. Abnormalities of penile curvature: chordee and penile torsion. Scientific World Journal, 2011, 11: 1470-1478.
18. Tang YM, Chen SJ, Huang LG, et al. Chordee without hypospadias: report of 79 Chinese prepubertal cases. J Androl, 2007, 28(4): 630-633.
19. Bhat A. Extended urethral mobilization in incised plate urethroplasty for severe hypospadias: a variation in technique to improve chordee correction. J Urol, 2007, 178(3 Pt 1): 1031-1035.
20. Snodgrass WT. Management of penile curvature in children. Curr Opin Urol, 2008, 18(4): 431-435.

Chinese Journal of Reparative and Reconstructive Surgery

EXPRESSION OF ANDROGEN RECEPTOR IN GENITAL TISSUE OF PATIENTS WITH CONGENITAL HYPOSPADIAS AND SIMPLE CHORDEE

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