Effectiveness and Safety of Zidovudine for Preventing the Risk of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV: A Systematic Review_Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine

Authors：

WANG Li ¹ , MENG Yue ¹ , MAO Xiu ¹ , PENG Lihua ² , YAO Xun ³ , LIU Guanjian ¹ , JING Yuanyuan ¹ , WEN Jin ¹ , YUAN Zhifang ¹ ,  LI Youping ¹

1.Chinese Evidence-Based Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China2.West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China3.Department Of Teaching Affairs, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;

Corresponding author：

LI Youping, Email: yzmylab@hotmail.com

Keywords：

HIV; Mother-to-child transmission; Zidovudine; Nevirapine; Systematic review

Video：

Export PDF Favorites Scan Get Citation

Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Citation： WANG Li,MENG Yue,MAO Xiu,PENG Lihua,YAO Xun,LIU Guanjian,JING Yuanyuan,WEN Jin,YUAN Zhifang,LI Youping. Effectiveness and Safety of Zidovudine for Preventing the Risk of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV: A Systematic Review. Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine, 2007, 07(5): 367-384. doi: Copy

1.	MOH, UNAIDS, WHO. Progress of condition, prevention and therapy of AIDS in China, 2005. 2006.1.24.
2.	CDC. Birth outcomes following zidovudine therapy in pregnant women. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1994, 43(22):409, 415-416.
3.	UNAIDS.2006 report on the global AIDS epidemic. Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) 2006.
4.	中华人民共和国卫生部, 联合国艾滋病规划署, 世界卫生组织. 2005年中国艾滋病疫情与防治工作进展. 2006年1月24日.
5.	Sperling R, Shapiro D, Coombs R, et al. Maternal viral load, zidovudine treatment, and the risk of transmission of human immunode_ciency virus type 1 from mother to infant. N Engl J Med, 1996, 335: 1621-1629.
6.	Alderson P, Green S, Higgins JPT, editors. Cochrane Reviewers’ Handbook 4.2.2 [updated March 2004]. http://www.cochrane.org/resources/handbook/hbook.htm (accessed 31st January 2004).
7.	CRD Report 4: Undertaking systematic reviews of research on effectiveness (2nd edition), 2001, available from http://www.york.ac.uk/inst/crd/report4.htm.
8.	Jadad AR, Moore RA, Carroll D, et al. Assessing the quality of reports of randomized clinical trials: is blinding necessary? Control Clin Trials, 1996, 17(1): 1-12.
9.	Connor E, Sperling R, Gelber R, et al. Reduction of maternal-infant transmission of human immunode_ciency virus type 1 with zidovudine treatment. N Engl J Med, 1994, 331: 1173-1180.
10.	CDC. Zidovudine for the Prevention of HIV Transmission from Mother to Infant. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR). 1994, 43(16): 285-287.
11.	Connor E, Mofenson L. Zidovudine for the reduction of perinatal human immunode_ciency virus transmission: Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 076 - results and treatment recommendations. Pediatri Infect Dis J, 1995, 14: 536-541.
12.	Sperling R, Shapiro D, McSherry G, et al. Safety of the maternal-infant zidovudine regimen utilized in the Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trial Group 076 study. AIDS, 1998, 12: 1805-1813.
13.	Dabis F, Msellati P, Meda N, et al. 6-month ef_cacy, tolerance and acceptability of a short regimen of oral zidovudine to reduce vertical transmission of HIV in breastfed children in Cote d’Ivoire and Burkina Faso: a double-blind placebocontrolled multicentre trial. Lancet, 1999, 353: 786-792.
14.	DITRAME ANRS 049 Study Group. 15-month efficacy of maternal oral zidovudine to decrease vertical transmission of HIV-1 in breastfed African children. Lancet, 1999, 354: 2050-2051.
15.	Dabis F, Elenga N, Meda N, et al. 18-Month mortality and perinatal exposure to zidovudine in West Africa. AIDS, 2001, 15: 771-779.
16.	Msellati P, Ramon R, Viho I, et al. Prevention of mother-to-child transmission ofHIVin Africa: uptake of pregnant women in a clinical trial in Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire. AIDS, 1998, 12: 1257-1258.
17.	Manigart O, Crépin M, Leroy V, et al. Effect of Perinatal Zidovudine Prophylaxis on the Evolution of Cell-Free HIV-1 RNA in Breast Milk and on Postnatal Transmission. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2004, 190: 1422-1428.
18.	Dabis F, Meda N, Msellati P, et al. Infant mortality and perinatal exposure to zidovudine in Africa. XI International Conference on AIDS, Canada 1996; Abstract Tu.C.444.
19.	Dabis F, Welffens-Ekra C, Meda N, et al. Six month efficacy, tolerance and acceptability of a short course regimen of oral zidovudine (ZDV) in reducing vertical transmission of HIV in breast-fed African children: ANRS 049a. 6th Conf Retrovir Oppor Infect Conf, United States1999; abstract no. 268.
20.	Dabis F, Msellati P, Meda N, et al. Infant mortality and perinatal exposure to zidovudine in Africa. XIII International AIDS Conference, Durban, South Africa 2000; Abstract MoPpB1024.
21.	Leroy V, Montcho C, Meda N, et al. Maternal viral load and risk of mother-to-child transmission in DITRAME ANRS 049a trial. XIII International AIDS Conference, Durban, South Africa 2000; abstract no. WePpB1302.
22.	Wiktor S, Ekpini E, Karon J, et al. Short-course oral zidovudine for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 in Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire: a randomised trial. Lancet, 1999, 353: 781-785.
23.	Ekpini RA, Nkengasong JN, Sibailly T, et al. Changes in plasma HIV-1-RNA viral load and CD4 cell counts, and lack of zidovudine resistance among pregnant women receiving short-course zidovudine. AIDS, 2002, 16: 625-630.
24.	Diaby L, Sibailly T, Ekpini S, et al. Effectiveness of a short-course oral zidovudine regimen in preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 in Abidjan, CoÃ te d’Ivoire: long-term follow-up in a breast-feeding population. XIth International Conference on AIDS and STDs in Africa. Lusaka, Zambia 1999; Abstract 15PT38-90.
25.	Sibailly T, Ekpini E, Boni-Ouattara E, et al. Clinical course of HIV infection and surveillance for zidovudine resistance among HIV-infected women receiving short-course zidovudine therapy in Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire. XIII International AIDS Conference, Durban, South Africa. 2000; Vol. Abstract TuPeC3354.
26.	Vuthipongse P, Bhadrakom C, Chasisiiwattana P, et al. Administration of zidovudine during late pregnancy and delivery to prevent perinatal HIV transmission - Thailand 1996-1998. MMWR, 1998, 47(8): 151-154.
27.	Shaffer N, Chuachoowong R, Mock P, et al. Short-course zidovudine for perinatal HIV-1 transmission in Bangkok, Thailand: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet, 1999, 353: 773-780.
28.	Bhadrakom C, Simonds R, Mei J, et al. Oral zidovudine during labour to prevent perinatal HIV transmission, Bangkok: tolerance and zidovudine concentration in cord blood. AIDS, 2000, 14: 509-516.
29.	Chotpitaysaunondh T, Vanprapar N, Simonds R, et al. Safety of late in utero exposure to zidovudine in infants born to human immunodeficiency virus-infected mothers: Bangkok. Pediatrics, 2001, 107: E5.
30.	Roongpisuthipong A, Siriwasin W, Asavapiriyanont S, et al. Predictors of mortality in 18-month postpartum period among HIV-infected women enrolled in a trial of short-course antenatal zidovudine, Bangkok, Thailand. XIII International AIDS Conferecce, Durban, South Africa. 2000; Vol. Abstract TuPeB3253.
31.	Chuanchoowong R, Shaffer N, Wanprapa N, et al. Safety, tolerance and adherence of late oral ZDV to reduce perinatal HIV transmission, Bangkok. Int Conf AIDS. 1998; 12: 589. abstract no. 32341.
32.	Lallemant M, Jourdain G, Le Couer S, et al. A trial of shortened zidovudine regimens to prevent mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. N Engl J Med, 2000, 343: 982-991.
33.	Lallemant M, Le Coeur S, Jourdain G, et al. The perinatal HIV prevention trial (PHPT): zidovudine (ZDV) study update. XIII International AIDS Conferecce, Durban, South Africa.2000; Vol. Abstract no. TuPeB3254.
34.	Lallemant M, Le Coeur S, Jourdain G, et al. Perinatal HIV prevention trial (PHPT), Thailand: simplified and shortened zidovudine prophylaxis regime as efficacious as PACTG076. XIII International AIDS Conferecce, Durban, South Africa.2000; Vol. Abstract no. LbOr3.
35.	Thior I, Lockman S, Smeaton LM, et al. Breastfeeding plus infant zidovudine prophylaxis for 6 months vs formula feeding plus infant zidovudine for 1 month to reduce mother-to-child HIV transmission in Botswana: a randomized trial: the Mashi Study. JAMA, 2006, 296(7): 794-805.
36.	Guay LA, Musoke P, Fleming T, et al. Intrapartum and neonatal single-dose nevirapine compared with zidovudine for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 in Kampala, Uganda: HIVNET 012 randomised trial. Lancet, 1999, 354(9181): 795-802.36Jackson JB, Musoke P, Fleming T, et al. Intrapartum and neonatal single-dose nevirapine compared with zidovudine for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 in Kampala, Uganda: 18-month follow-up of the HIVNET 012 randomised trial. Lancet, 2003, 362: 859-68. Abstract no. 9387.
37.	Eshleman SH, Guay LA, Mwatha A, et al. Comparison of nevirapine (NVP) resistance in ugandan women 7 days vs. 6-8 weeks after single-dose NVP prophylaxis: HIVNET 012. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses, 2004, 20(6): 595-599.
38.	Delvaux, Therese. Nevirapine sustains reduction of mother-to-child HIV transmission at 18 months. Evidence-Based Healthcare, 2004, 8(2): 87-88.
39.	OworM,DesyveM,Duefield C, et al. The one year safety and efficacy data of HIVNET 012 trial. XIII International AIDS Conference, Durban, South Africa. 2000; Vol. LbOr1.
40.	Fowler MG, Mwatha A, Guay L, et al. Effect of Nevirapine (NVP) for Perinatal HIV Prevention Appears Greatest Among Women with Most Advanced Disease: Subgroup Analyses of HIVNET 012. 9th Conf Retrovir Oppor Infect. 2002; 9:abstract no. 120.
41.	Nakabiito C, Guay LA, Musoke P, et al. Effect of Nevirapine (NVP) for perinatal HIV prevention appears strong among women with advanced disease: Subgroup analyses of HIVNET 012. Int Conf AIDS. 2002 Jul 7-12;14: abstract no. TuOrB1174.
42.	Chung M, Kiarie J, Richardson B, et al. Breast milk HIV-1 suppression and decreased transmission: a randomized trial comparing HIVNET 012 nevirapine versus short-course zidovudine. AIDS, 2005, 19(13): 1415-1422.
43.	Leroy V, Sakarovitch C, Cortina-Borja M, et al. Is there a difference in the efficacy of peripartum antiretroviral regimens in reducing mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Africa? AIDS, 2005, 19(16): 1865-1875.
44.	Leroy V, Karon JM, Alioum A, et al. Twenty-four month efficacy of a maternal short-course zidovudine regimen to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 in West Africa. AIDS, 2002, 16(4): 631-641.
45.	Lallemant M, Jourdain G, Le Couer S, et al. A trial of shortened zidovudine regimens to prevent mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. N Engl J Med, 2000, 343: 982-991.
46.	Leroy V, Sakarovitch C, Cortina-Borja M, et al. Is there a difference in the efficacy of peripartum antiretroviral regimens in reducing mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Africa? AIDS, 2005, 19(16): 1865-1875.
47.	Wade N, Birkhead G, Warren B, et al. Abbreviated regimens of zidovudine prophylaxis and perinatal transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus. N Engl J Med, 1998, 339: 1409-1414.
48.	Culnane M, Fowler MG, Lee S, et al. Lack of long-term effects of in utero exposure to zidovudine among uninfected childen born to HIV-infected women. JAMA, 1991, 281: 151-157.
49.	Olivero OA, Anderson LM, Diwan BA, et al. Transplacental effects of 3’-Azido-2’3’- dideoxythymidine (AZT): tumorigenicity in mice and genotoxicity in mice and monkeys. J Natl Cancer Inst, 1997, 89: 1602-1608.
50.	Ayers KM, Torrey CE, Reynolds DJ. A transplacental carcinogenicity bioassay in CD-1 mice with zidovudine. Fundam Appl Toxicol, 1997, 38: 195-198.
51.	Watts DH. Drug therapy - Management of human immunodeficiency virus infection in pregnancy. N Engl J Med, 2002, 346 (24): 1879-1891.

1. MOH, UNAIDS, WHO. Progress of condition, prevention and therapy of AIDS in China, 2005. 2006.1.24.
2. CDC. Birth outcomes following zidovudine therapy in pregnant women. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1994, 43(22):409, 415-416.
3. UNAIDS.2006 report on the global AIDS epidemic. Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) 2006.
4. 中华人民共和国卫生部, 联合国艾滋病规划署, 世界卫生组织. 2005年中国艾滋病疫情与防治工作进展. 2006年1月24日.
5. Sperling R, Shapiro D, Coombs R, et al. Maternal viral load, zidovudine treatment, and the risk of transmission of human immunode_ciency virus type 1 from mother to infant. N Engl J Med, 1996, 335: 1621-1629.
6. Alderson P, Green S, Higgins JPT, editors. Cochrane Reviewers’ Handbook 4.2.2 [updated March 2004]. http://www.cochrane.org/resources/handbook/hbook.htm (accessed 31st January 2004).
7. CRD Report 4: Undertaking systematic reviews of research on effectiveness (2nd edition), 2001, available from http://www.york.ac.uk/inst/crd/report4.htm.
8. Jadad AR, Moore RA, Carroll D, et al. Assessing the quality of reports of randomized clinical trials: is blinding necessary? Control Clin Trials, 1996, 17(1): 1-12.
9. Connor E, Sperling R, Gelber R, et al. Reduction of maternal-infant transmission of human immunode_ciency virus type 1 with zidovudine treatment. N Engl J Med, 1994, 331: 1173-1180.
10. CDC. Zidovudine for the Prevention of HIV Transmission from Mother to Infant. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR). 1994, 43(16): 285-287.
11. Connor E, Mofenson L. Zidovudine for the reduction of perinatal human immunode_ciency virus transmission: Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 076 - results and treatment recommendations. Pediatri Infect Dis J, 1995, 14: 536-541.
12. Sperling R, Shapiro D, McSherry G, et al. Safety of the maternal-infant zidovudine regimen utilized in the Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trial Group 076 study. AIDS, 1998, 12: 1805-1813.
13. Dabis F, Msellati P, Meda N, et al. 6-month ef_cacy, tolerance and acceptability of a short regimen of oral zidovudine to reduce vertical transmission of HIV in breastfed children in Cote d’Ivoire and Burkina Faso: a double-blind placebocontrolled multicentre trial. Lancet, 1999, 353: 786-792.
14. DITRAME ANRS 049 Study Group. 15-month efficacy of maternal oral zidovudine to decrease vertical transmission of HIV-1 in breastfed African children. Lancet, 1999, 354: 2050-2051.
15. Dabis F, Elenga N, Meda N, et al. 18-Month mortality and perinatal exposure to zidovudine in West Africa. AIDS, 2001, 15: 771-779.
16. Msellati P, Ramon R, Viho I, et al. Prevention of mother-to-child transmission ofHIVin Africa: uptake of pregnant women in a clinical trial in Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire. AIDS, 1998, 12: 1257-1258.
17. Manigart O, Crépin M, Leroy V, et al. Effect of Perinatal Zidovudine Prophylaxis on the Evolution of Cell-Free HIV-1 RNA in Breast Milk and on Postnatal Transmission. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2004, 190: 1422-1428.
18. Dabis F, Meda N, Msellati P, et al. Infant mortality and perinatal exposure to zidovudine in Africa. XI International Conference on AIDS, Canada 1996; Abstract Tu.C.444.
19. Dabis F, Welffens-Ekra C, Meda N, et al. Six month efficacy, tolerance and acceptability of a short course regimen of oral zidovudine (ZDV) in reducing vertical transmission of HIV in breast-fed African children: ANRS 049a. 6th Conf Retrovir Oppor Infect Conf, United States1999; abstract no. 268.
20. Dabis F, Msellati P, Meda N, et al. Infant mortality and perinatal exposure to zidovudine in Africa. XIII International AIDS Conference, Durban, South Africa 2000; Abstract MoPpB1024.
21. Leroy V, Montcho C, Meda N, et al. Maternal viral load and risk of mother-to-child transmission in DITRAME ANRS 049a trial. XIII International AIDS Conference, Durban, South Africa 2000; abstract no. WePpB1302.
22. Wiktor S, Ekpini E, Karon J, et al. Short-course oral zidovudine for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 in Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire: a randomised trial. Lancet, 1999, 353: 781-785.
23. Ekpini RA, Nkengasong JN, Sibailly T, et al. Changes in plasma HIV-1-RNA viral load and CD4 cell counts, and lack of zidovudine resistance among pregnant women receiving short-course zidovudine. AIDS, 2002, 16: 625-630.
24. Diaby L, Sibailly T, Ekpini S, et al. Effectiveness of a short-course oral zidovudine regimen in preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 in Abidjan, CoÃ te d’Ivoire: long-term follow-up in a breast-feeding population. XIth International Conference on AIDS and STDs in Africa. Lusaka, Zambia 1999; Abstract 15PT38-90.
25. Sibailly T, Ekpini E, Boni-Ouattara E, et al. Clinical course of HIV infection and surveillance for zidovudine resistance among HIV-infected women receiving short-course zidovudine therapy in Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire. XIII International AIDS Conference, Durban, South Africa. 2000; Vol. Abstract TuPeC3354.
26. Vuthipongse P, Bhadrakom C, Chasisiiwattana P, et al. Administration of zidovudine during late pregnancy and delivery to prevent perinatal HIV transmission - Thailand 1996-1998. MMWR, 1998, 47(8): 151-154.
27. Shaffer N, Chuachoowong R, Mock P, et al. Short-course zidovudine for perinatal HIV-1 transmission in Bangkok, Thailand: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet, 1999, 353: 773-780.
28. Bhadrakom C, Simonds R, Mei J, et al. Oral zidovudine during labour to prevent perinatal HIV transmission, Bangkok: tolerance and zidovudine concentration in cord blood. AIDS, 2000, 14: 509-516.
29. Chotpitaysaunondh T, Vanprapar N, Simonds R, et al. Safety of late in utero exposure to zidovudine in infants born to human immunodeficiency virus-infected mothers: Bangkok. Pediatrics, 2001, 107: E5.
30. Roongpisuthipong A, Siriwasin W, Asavapiriyanont S, et al. Predictors of mortality in 18-month postpartum period among HIV-infected women enrolled in a trial of short-course antenatal zidovudine, Bangkok, Thailand. XIII International AIDS Conferecce, Durban, South Africa. 2000; Vol. Abstract TuPeB3253.
31. Chuanchoowong R, Shaffer N, Wanprapa N, et al. Safety, tolerance and adherence of late oral ZDV to reduce perinatal HIV transmission, Bangkok. Int Conf AIDS. 1998; 12: 589. abstract no. 32341.
32. Lallemant M, Jourdain G, Le Couer S, et al. A trial of shortened zidovudine regimens to prevent mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. N Engl J Med, 2000, 343: 982-991.
33. Lallemant M, Le Coeur S, Jourdain G, et al. The perinatal HIV prevention trial (PHPT): zidovudine (ZDV) study update. XIII International AIDS Conferecce, Durban, South Africa.2000; Vol. Abstract no. TuPeB3254.
34. Lallemant M, Le Coeur S, Jourdain G, et al. Perinatal HIV prevention trial (PHPT), Thailand: simplified and shortened zidovudine prophylaxis regime as efficacious as PACTG076. XIII International AIDS Conferecce, Durban, South Africa.2000; Vol. Abstract no. LbOr3.
35. Thior I, Lockman S, Smeaton LM, et al. Breastfeeding plus infant zidovudine prophylaxis for 6 months vs formula feeding plus infant zidovudine for 1 month to reduce mother-to-child HIV transmission in Botswana: a randomized trial: the Mashi Study. JAMA, 2006, 296(7): 794-805.
36. Guay LA, Musoke P, Fleming T, et al. Intrapartum and neonatal single-dose nevirapine compared with zidovudine for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 in Kampala, Uganda: HIVNET 012 randomised trial. Lancet, 1999, 354(9181): 795-802.36Jackson JB, Musoke P, Fleming T, et al. Intrapartum and neonatal single-dose nevirapine compared with zidovudine for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 in Kampala, Uganda: 18-month follow-up of the HIVNET 012 randomised trial. Lancet, 2003, 362: 859-68. Abstract no. 9387.
37. Eshleman SH, Guay LA, Mwatha A, et al. Comparison of nevirapine (NVP) resistance in ugandan women 7 days vs. 6-8 weeks after single-dose NVP prophylaxis: HIVNET 012. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses, 2004, 20(6): 595-599.
38. Delvaux, Therese. Nevirapine sustains reduction of mother-to-child HIV transmission at 18 months. Evidence-Based Healthcare, 2004, 8(2): 87-88.
39. OworM,DesyveM,Duefield C, et al. The one year safety and efficacy data of HIVNET 012 trial. XIII International AIDS Conference, Durban, South Africa. 2000; Vol. LbOr1.
40. Fowler MG, Mwatha A, Guay L, et al. Effect of Nevirapine (NVP) for Perinatal HIV Prevention Appears Greatest Among Women with Most Advanced Disease: Subgroup Analyses of HIVNET 012. 9th Conf Retrovir Oppor Infect. 2002; 9:abstract no. 120.
41. Nakabiito C, Guay LA, Musoke P, et al. Effect of Nevirapine (NVP) for perinatal HIV prevention appears strong among women with advanced disease: Subgroup analyses of HIVNET 012. Int Conf AIDS. 2002 Jul 7-12;14: abstract no. TuOrB1174.
42. Chung M, Kiarie J, Richardson B, et al. Breast milk HIV-1 suppression and decreased transmission: a randomized trial comparing HIVNET 012 nevirapine versus short-course zidovudine. AIDS, 2005, 19(13): 1415-1422.
43. Leroy V, Sakarovitch C, Cortina-Borja M, et al. Is there a difference in the efficacy of peripartum antiretroviral regimens in reducing mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Africa? AIDS, 2005, 19(16): 1865-1875.
44. Leroy V, Karon JM, Alioum A, et al. Twenty-four month efficacy of a maternal short-course zidovudine regimen to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 in West Africa. AIDS, 2002, 16(4): 631-641.
45. Lallemant M, Jourdain G, Le Couer S, et al. A trial of shortened zidovudine regimens to prevent mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. N Engl J Med, 2000, 343: 982-991.
46. Leroy V, Sakarovitch C, Cortina-Borja M, et al. Is there a difference in the efficacy of peripartum antiretroviral regimens in reducing mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Africa? AIDS, 2005, 19(16): 1865-1875.
47. Wade N, Birkhead G, Warren B, et al. Abbreviated regimens of zidovudine prophylaxis and perinatal transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus. N Engl J Med, 1998, 339: 1409-1414.
48. Culnane M, Fowler MG, Lee S, et al. Lack of long-term effects of in utero exposure to zidovudine among uninfected childen born to HIV-infected women. JAMA, 1991, 281: 151-157.
49. Olivero OA, Anderson LM, Diwan BA, et al. Transplacental effects of 3’-Azido-2’3’- dideoxythymidine (AZT): tumorigenicity in mice and genotoxicity in mice and monkeys. J Natl Cancer Inst, 1997, 89: 1602-1608.
50. Ayers KM, Torrey CE, Reynolds DJ. A transplacental carcinogenicity bioassay in CD-1 mice with zidovudine. Fundam Appl Toxicol, 1997, 38: 195-198.
51. Watts DH. Drug therapy - Management of human immunodeficiency virus infection in pregnancy. N Engl J Med, 2002, 346 (24): 1879-1891.

Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine

Effectiveness and Safety of Zidovudine for Preventing the Risk of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV: A Systematic Review

Abstract Full text Figures/Tables Video References Cited by

Format

Content