临床上通常将以咳嗽为唯一症状或主要症状、时间超过 8周、胸部x检查无明显异常者称为不明原因慢性咳嗽,简称慢性咳嗽 。慢性咳嗽是内科门诊患者最常见的病症,与典型支气管哮喘、肺部感染、肺纤维化和支气管肺癌等疾病不同,由于缺乏典型的相关症状,胸片检查无异常,一些临床医生习惯性地给病人戴上“支气管炎或慢性支气管炎”(简称“慢支”)的帽子,给予止咳祛痰或反复使用多种抗生素治疗,当然临床疗效并不理想。我们进行的流行病学调查结果显示,72%的慢性咳嗽患者被诊断为“支气管炎、慢支或慢性咽喉炎”,而病因诊断显示其中慢性支气管炎仅占4%(该资料尚未发表)。 慢性咳嗽的病因非常复杂,但并非毫无规律可循。只要掌握正确的诊断方法,按照慢性咳嗽病因诊断程序,大部分患者实际上可以获得明确的病因诊断,根据病因进行特异性治疗能够取得良好的治疗效果。在诊断慢性咳嗽时主要应注意以下几个问题。
Citation:
LAI Kefang. Etiologic diagnosis of unexplained cough. Chinese Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 2008, 08(6): 401-402. doi:
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Moriee AH,Fontana GA,Sovijarvi AR,et al.The diagnosis and man— agement of chronic cough.Eur Respir J,2004,24:481 492.
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Irwin RS,Corrao WM,Pratter MR.Chronic persistent congh in the adult:the spectrum and frequency of causes and successful outcome of specific therapy.Am Rev Respir Dis,1981,123:413417.
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Irw in RS,Curley FJ,French CL.Chronic cough:the spectrum and frequency of causes,key components of the diagnostic evaluation,and outcome of specific therapy.Am Rev Respir Dis,1990,141:640-647.
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赖克方,陈如冲,刘春丽,等.不明原因慢性咳嗽的病因分布及诊断程序的建立.中华结核和呼吸杂志,2006,29:9609.
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Dicpinigaitis PV.Chronic COUgh due to asthma:ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines.Chest,2006,129:75S-79S.
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马洪明,朱礼星,赖克方,等.不明原因慢性咳嗽的诊断探讨.中华内科杂志,2003,26:675-678.
|
7. |
Brightling CE,Ward R,Goh KL,et al.Eosinophilic bronchitis is an important cause of chronic cough.Am J Respir Crit Care Med,1999, 160:406410.
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8. |
朱礼星,马洪明,赖克方,等.胃食管反流性咳嗽的临床分析.中华内科杂志,2003,42:461 465..
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- 1. Moriee AH,Fontana GA,Sovijarvi AR,et al.The diagnosis and man— agement of chronic cough.Eur Respir J,2004,24:481 492.
- 2. Irwin RS,Corrao WM,Pratter MR.Chronic persistent congh in the adult:the spectrum and frequency of causes and successful outcome of specific therapy.Am Rev Respir Dis,1981,123:413417.
- 3. Irw in RS,Curley FJ,French CL.Chronic cough:the spectrum and frequency of causes,key components of the diagnostic evaluation,and outcome of specific therapy.Am Rev Respir Dis,1990,141:640-647.
- 4. 赖克方,陈如冲,刘春丽,等.不明原因慢性咳嗽的病因分布及诊断程序的建立.中华结核和呼吸杂志,2006,29:9609.
- 5. Dicpinigaitis PV.Chronic COUgh due to asthma:ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines.Chest,2006,129:75S-79S.
- 6. 马洪明,朱礼星,赖克方,等.不明原因慢性咳嗽的诊断探讨.中华内科杂志,2003,26:675-678.
- 7. Brightling CE,Ward R,Goh KL,et al.Eosinophilic bronchitis is an important cause of chronic cough.Am J Respir Crit Care Med,1999, 160:406410.
- 8. 朱礼星,马洪明,赖克方,等.胃食管反流性咳嗽的临床分析.中华内科杂志,2003,42:461 465..