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Surgical Treatment of Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma

目的 探讨肝门部胆管癌2种手术方法的疗效。方法 回顾性分析我院1998～2006年期间收治的37例肝门部胆管癌患者的临床资料。结果 37例患者中13例行根治性手术切除, 其1年与3年的生存率分别为100%（13/13）和76.92%（10/13），中位生存期为22.43个月； 另24例行姑息性手术（均为肝内胆管内引流术），其1年与3年生存率分别为54.55%（12/22）和9.09%（2/22），中位生存期为15.42个月。结论 根治性手术是治疗肝门部胆管癌的主要手段； 姑息性手术，如合理的肝内胆管内引流能改善患者的生存质量。

动脉导管未闭合并其他心脏畸形的外科治疗

摘要: 　目的　总结动脉导管未闭合并其他心脏畸形的外科治疗经验, 以提高手术效果。　方法　2004 年11 月～2006 年12 月手术治疗动脉导管未闭合并其他心脏畸形44 例, 40 例采用正中切口, 上、下腔静脉插管, 转流前游离动脉导管, 双10 号线结扎; 对导管粗大者可在并行转流下分离导管并结扎, 4 例患者实行分期手术。　结果　本组无手术死亡。术后发生低心排血量综合征3 例, 经积极治疗治愈; 2 例发生血红蛋白尿, 均在2d 内恢复。44 例术后超声心动图复查均无再通, 无灌注肺发生。术后随访36 例, 均在3 个月～ 2 年顺利恢复, 活动正常。　结论　经胸部正中切口手术是一种简单、有效的方法, 可同时修补其他心内畸形。分离、结扎动脉导管时应熟练掌握导管及其邻近解剖关系, 根据生命体征及导管直径的大小决定是否应用并行心肺转流。

Ebstein畸形的外科治疗

目的　总结Ebstein畸形（Ebstein anomaly）的手术治疗经验，以提高临床疗效。　方法　2005年5月至2010年9月济宁医学院附属医院手术治疗Ebstein畸形21例，其中男7例，女14例；年龄3～46 （17±11）岁。心功能分级（NYHA）Ⅰ级7例，Ⅱ级10例，Ⅲ～Ⅳ级4例；超声心动图提示：三尖瓣重度反流12例，中度反流4例，轻度反流5例；全组患者中1例行三尖瓣置换术，20例行三尖瓣成形术，采用Danielson法2例，Carpentier法18例，其中5例行一个半心室矫治术；同期矫治合并畸形。　结果　术后无死亡，术后发生低心排血量及室性心律失常各1例，经积极治疗痊愈；复查超声心动图提示：三尖瓣反流减轻。术后随访1个月～5年，7例三尖瓣反流消失；13例存在轻度三尖瓣反流；1例三尖瓣反流加重，心功能不全，于术后3年行三尖瓣置换术，术后心功能恢复至Ⅰ～Ⅱ级。　结论　Ebstein畸形是一种少见的先天性心脏病，采用Carpentier法施行三尖瓣成形效果良好；对三尖瓣和右心室发育不良患者施行一个半心室矫治，有利于改善右心功能。

Clinical Management of Pulmonary Pleomorphic Carcinoma：Report of 7 Cases and Literature Review

Abstract：　Objective　To investigate clinical characteristics， surgical strategy and prognosis of pulmonary pleomorphic carcinoma， and improve the diagnostic and therapeutic level of pulmonary pleomorphic carcinoma.　Methods　We retrospectively analyzed clinical data of 7 patients with pulmonary pleomorphic carcinoma who underwent surgical resection from January 2006 to August 2011 in West China Hospital of Sichuan University. There were 5 male patients and 2 female patients with the male/female ratio of 2.5︰1.0 and the mean age of 58.85 （43-69） years old. We also conducted a literature review through PubMed using pulmonary pleomorphic carcinoma and surgery as the key words， and 8 patients with integral clinical data from 2005 to 2011 were identified. There were 7 male patients and 1 female patient with the male/female ratio of 7︰1 and mean age of 70.25 （51-79） years old. All the patients underwent surgical resection and systemic lymph node dissection.　Results　The mean age of this group was 64.93 （43-79） years old. Among the 15 patients， there were 12 males and 3 females with the male/female ratio of 4︰1. The main symptoms were cough， blood in phlegm， hemoptysis and chest pain. Pathology diagnosis confirmed pleomorphic carcinoma in all the patients. Among the 7 patients of our hospital， there were 3 patients with spindle cell with squamous cell carcinoma， 2 patients with spindle cell with adenocarcinoma， and 2 patients with spindle cell with large cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. During follow-up， 3 patients died with the longest survival time of 49 months， and the other 4 patients were still alive. Among the 8 patients in the literature review， there were 4 patients with spindle cell with squamous cell carcinoma， 1 patient with spindle cell with adenocarcinoma， 1 patient with spindle cell with large cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, and 2 patients with spindle cell with adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. During follow-up， 5 patients died with the longest survival time of 22 months， and the other 3 patients were still alive.　Conclusion　Pulmonary pleomorphic carcinoma is extremely rare and surgical resection is an effective treatment strategy for it.

Clinical Characteristics and Surgical Treatment of Thoracic Hemangioma

Abstract： Objective To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics, improve the accuracy of clinical diagnosis， and reduce postoperative complications of thoracic hemangioma. Methods Clinical records of 9 patients with thoracic hemangioma who underwent surgical resection in West China Hospital of Sichuan University from January 2006 to August 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 2 males and 7 females with their average age of 47.9±19.3 （18-71）years. Six patients underwent thoracotomy， 1 patient underwent complete video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery （VATS）， 1 patient underwent video-assisted mini-thoracotomy， and 1 patient underwent staged operations which were performed by neurological surgeons and thoracic surgeons separately. Imaging characteristics, intraoperative gross tumor features, and pathological characteristics of resected hemangioma specimens were analyzed. Clinical outcomes of different surgical strategies for the treatment of hemangioma were compared. Results Nine patients with thoracic hemangioma were included in this study. Imaging studies showed the tumor as a round-shaped mass in 66.7% （6/9） of these patients and a lobulated mass in the remaining 33.3% （3/9） patients. Magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） assessment was helpful for preoperative diagnosis of hemangioma， with T2 weighted imaging tumor enhancement as the main MRI feature. Thoracic operation time was 106.3±60.1 （60-192） min， and intraoperative blood loss was 91.1±43.7 （30-150） ml. All the patients were followed up for 3-6 years except 1 patient who was followed up for 1 month. None of the patients had hemangioma-related death， recurrence or metastasis during follow-up. Conclusions Thoracic hemangiomas are usually benign entities and often locate in the mediastinum. Surgical strategies should be determined by the size and location of the tumor as well as the surgeon’s technique level. VATS has the advantages of being minimal invasive, causing less intraoperative blood loss and shorter length of hospital stay for the treatment of hemangioma. Resection of a dumbbell-type hemangioma may need cooperation between neurological and thoracic surgeons.

急性创伤性膈肌破裂的早期诊断与治疗

目的　总结急性创伤性膈肌破裂的早期诊治经验。 方法　回顾性分析1996年8月至2012年8月内江市第一人民医院收治的37例急性创伤性膈肌破裂行外科手术治疗患者的临床资料，男30例，女7例；年龄15～43岁。左侧膈肌破裂26例，右侧膈肌破裂11例。直接暴力损伤16例，间接暴力损伤21例。交通伤17例，刀刺伤13例，高处坠落伤4例，枪弹伤2例，钢筋穿透伤1例。对其发病原因、合并伤、诊断及手术方式进行分析。 结果　术前确诊26例，术中探查确诊11例。 治愈33例，死亡4例，病死率10.81%。4例均合并有多器官损伤，死亡原因：失血性休克、多器官功能衰竭。随访25例，随访时间4个月至10年，患者生活质量良好。 结论　早期诊断和积极手术治疗是救治创伤性膈肌破裂的关键。动态观察伤员病情变化，及时行胸部X线片或CT检查是早期诊断膈肌破裂的主要措施，一旦确诊膈肌破裂均应行外科手术治疗。

先天性心脏病合并肺动脉瓣感染性心内膜炎的外科治疗

目的　探讨先天性心脏病合并肺动脉瓣感染性心内膜炎的外科治疗方法和效果。　方法　2009年1月至2012年1月第二军医大学长海医院收治先天性心脏病合并肺动脉瓣感染性心内膜炎患者6例，男1例，女5例；年龄8～41 （24.8±11.8）岁。动脉导管未闭（PDA）4例，PDA合并先天性主动脉瓣狭窄1例，室间隔缺损（VSD）合并三尖瓣反流1例。3例行PDA结扎＋肺动脉内赘生物清除术，1例行PDA结扎＋肺动脉瓣赘生物切除术，1例行PDA结扎＋肺动脉瓣赘生物切除术＋主动脉瓣置换术（AVR，置换19 mm CarboMetics环上机械主动脉瓣），1例肺动脉瓣膜破坏严重，行VSD修补＋右心室流出道赘生物清除＋右心室流出道拓宽＋三尖瓣成形术＋肺动脉生物瓣置换术（置换27 mm HancockⅡ型生物瓣）。　结果　6例患者术后均恢复良好，无围术期死亡和心内膜炎复发。所有患者复查超声心动图提示，未见赘生物、残余漏、瓣周漏等并发症。术后随访6个月～3年中，患者临床症状完全消失，均无明显不适。术后心功能恢复至Ⅰ级5例，Ⅱ级1例。　结论　对于先天性心脏病合并肺动脉瓣感染性心内膜炎患者，正确把握手术时机，积极行外科手术治疗是最有效的治疗方法。

老年危重心瓣膜病的外科治疗与围术期处理

目的　总结老年危重心瓣膜病患者的手术治疗和围术期处理经验。　方法　回顾性分析 2008年6月至2010年6月中国医科大学附属第一医院37例60岁以上老年危重心瓣膜病患者手术治疗的临床资料，其中男21例，女16例；年龄60～79 （67.3±6.9）岁。二尖瓣病变15例，主动脉瓣病变8例，主动脉瓣＋二尖瓣病变14例；合并左心房血栓9例，三尖瓣反流11例。　结果　围术期死亡3例，其中死于术后肺部感染1例，多器官功能衰竭1例，脑梗死1例。术后发生并发症18例，包括呼吸道并发症、室性心律失常、低心排血量综合征和急性肾功能衰竭等，经相应的治疗治愈。随访26例，随访时间6～23个月，心功能分级（NYHA）Ⅰ级13例，Ⅱ级12例，Ⅲ级1例。　结论　完善的术中操作、加强围术期处理，可有效降低老年危重心瓣膜病患者术后并发症的发生和病死率。

胸壁去分化脂肪肉瘤外科治疗一例

Surgical Managemen t for Coarctation of Aorta Associated with Heart Anomalies in Infan ts

Corresponding author: Y I Ding -hua, E -mail: yidh@fmmu. edu. cnAbstract: 　Objective　To investigate the optimal surgical approaches for coarctation of aorta (CoA ) associated with heart anomalies (CoA -HA ) in infants through analyzing the immediate and long-term outcome post-operation. Methods　From May 1998 to November 2006, 29 patients with CoA -HA were admitted to this institute. Subclavian flap angioplasty was performed in three patients, excision of coarctation and end-to-side anastomoses in six pat ients,and end-to-end anastomoses in the remaining 20 pat ients. Their clinical data were retrospect ively reviewed and the long-term follow -up results obtained through telephone o r letters. 　Results　Three patients died of operations, of whom one died of low cardiac output syndrome, one died of sepsis and one died of multiple organs failure. In two months’to eight years’follow -up , no later death and severe neurological complications were found. Two patients suffered from recurrent coarctation, but had no sense of symptoms and free from re-operation. In all pat ients neither systemic hypertension, nor arterial aneurysm and aortic valve regurgitation were found. 　Conclusions　Mortality of surgical corrections is accepted fo r CoA -HA in infants. Preoperative heart dysfunction and prolonged mechanical ventilation are the high risks of operative death. Recurrent coarctation is the major later comp lication.