摘要:目的:探讨新生儿铜绿假单胞菌肺炎的临床特点及药敏特点,为合理治疗提供依据。方法:对我院新生儿科2006年8月到2008年7月收治新生儿肺炎痰标本进行培养分离鉴定,选择培养结果为铜绿假单胞菌者做药敏及临床分析。结果:铜绿假单胞菌对碳青霉烯类,如:亚胺培南,美洛培南敏感率达100%,对近几年在新生儿较少用的或不用的氨基糖甙类,环丙沙星敏感率为85%～100%,而对常用的氨苄西林+舒巴坦不敏感,对头孢他啶敏感率gt;70%,临床根据药敏结果选择敏感抗生素治疗,疗效满意。结论:近年新生儿铜绿假单胞菌肺炎有上升趋势,病死率极高,故应根据药敏试验结果选择敏感抗生素,以控制疾病发展,降低病死率。
Objective To explore the overall outcome and its factors of patients with carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa bloodstream infection (CRPA-BSI). Methods A single-center, retrospective cohort study was carried out. The demographic and clinical data of all emergency patients and inpatients in West China Hospital of Sichuan University from 2017 to 2021 were collected. Firstly, the prognosis of patients with CRPA-BSI was compared with those with carbapenem-sensitive Pseudomonas aeruginosa bloodstream infection (CSPA-BSI). Then Cox regression was used to analyze the factors affecting the prognosis of CRPA-BSI patients. Results A total of 53 patients with CRPA-BSI and 175 patients with CSPA-BSI were enrolled, and they were 1∶1 matched according to the age-adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index (aCCI) to control for confounding factors. When aCCI was similar, the incidence of poor prognosis in CRPA-BSI patients was significantly higher than that in CSPA-BSI patients [41.5% vs. 18.9%; relative risk=2.20, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.16, 4.19), P=0.011]. The median length of hospital stay in the CRPA-BSI group was 3 d longer than that in the CSPA-BSI group but the difference was not statistically significant (29 vs. 26 d, P=0.388). With regard to prognostic factors, univariate Cox regression analyses showed that the highest temperature ≤39℃ (P=0.014), hepatobiliary and pancreatic diseases (P=0.011), days of central venous catheterization (P=0.025), days of indwelling urinary catheters (P=0.037), adjustment of medication duration according to drug sensitivity results (P=0.015) and Pitt bacteremia score (P=0.007) were related to the poor prognosis of CRPA-BSI patients. Multiple Cox regression analysis showed that hepatobiliary and pancreatic disease [hazard ratio (HR)=3.434, 95%CI (1.271, 9.276), P=0.015] and Pitt bacteremia score [HR=1.264, 95%CI (1.057, 1.510), P=0.010] were independently associated with poor outcome in CRPA-BSI patients. Conclusions The prognosis of CRPA-BSI patients is worsen than that of CSPA-BSI patients. Hepatobiliary and pancreatic diseases significantly increase the risk of poor outcome in CRPA-BSI patients. Pitt bacteremia score is a predictor of prognosis in patients with CRPA-BSI.
Objective To investigate the mutations of quinolone resistance determinational region ( QRDR) in fluoroquinolon-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from patients with nosocomial pneumonia. Methods Eight-four Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from patients with nosocomial pneumonia in Xinhua Hospital during January 2006 to December 2007, from whom fluoroquinolon-resistant resisitant ( case) and fluoroquinolon-susceptible ( control ) Pseudomona aeruginosa were identified. The mutation of QRDR was tested by restriction fragment length polymorphism ( RFLP) and gene sequencing.The relationship between QRDR mutations and clinical prescription was analyzed. Results Mutation in QRDR was found in 42 isolates among the 50 fluoroquinlon-resisitant isolates( 84. 0% ) , while no mutation was found in fluoroquinlon-susceptible isolates. The mutation in GyrB Ser464 was found in 34 isolates ( 68. 0% ) . There was statistical difference in the usage of β-lactams between the GyrB-Ser464-mutated group and the non-GyrB-Ser464-mutated group( OR = 11. 3, P = 0. 003 and OR = 3. 5, P = 0. 023) , also in the time of fluoroquinolon usage before isolated ( P = 0. 038) . Conclusions The mutation of QRDR is contributing to fluoroquindor-resisitance of Pseudomona aeruginosa, most of which lies in GyrB Ser464.Abuse of β-lactams and fluoroquinolon may be the risk factors of mutation in GyrB Ser464.
Objective To examine the effects of Pseudomonas aeruginosa(PA)quorum-sensing systems on airway mucus hypersecretion．Methods Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were intubated with a silicone tube pre-coated with PAO1(wild-type PA strain)，PAO1-JP2(quorum-sensing-mutant strain)or saline in the bronchus．After 28 days，the mRNA and protein expression of MUC5AC in the rats’bronchial epithelia were detected by RT-PCR，alcian blue／periodic acid—Schif(AB／PAS)staining and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)．Results In the PAO1 group，bronchiolar epithelium goblet cells by AB／PAS staining was significantly more than those in the PAO1-JP2 and control groups(both Plt;0．05)．The expression level of MUC5AC mRNA in the PAO1 group was significantly higher than those in the PAO1-JP2 and control groups(both P lt;0．05)．The ELISA showed that the concentration of MUC5AC protein in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)in the PAO1 group was much higher than that in the PAO1-JP2 group(P lt;0．05)．Conclusion PA quorum-sensing system plays an important role in airway mucus hypersecretion
Objective To establish a rat model of chronic pulmonary infection by inoculating Pseudomonas aeruginosa to Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats.Metods Sixty SD rats were divided into 2 groups,ie.the P.aeruginosa group and the control group. Silicone tube precoated with P.aeruginosa was placed into the main bronchus. For the control group, sterile silicon tube was intubated. Results P ． aeruginosa was detected from lung tissue of rats in infected groups.Bacterial number was higher than 103cfu ／ g 28 days after inoculation.The pathological study showed fibrinous proliferation and granulomas formation in the lungs of infected rats 28 days after inoculation.Microscopy examination showed a inflammation predominantly with lymphocyte infiltration.In control group, no bacterial and pathological changes could be detected. Conclusions The animal model with P.aeruginosa chronic pulmonary infection can be established successfully by silicone tubes precoated with P.aeruginosa intubated into the main bronchus.
目的 探讨铜绿假单胞菌注射液治疗甲状腺癌颈部淋巴结清扫术后淋巴漏的方法及效果。方法 笔者所在医院2012年4月至2012年7月期间共治疗甲状腺癌颈部淋巴结清扫术后顽固性淋巴漏患者4例，均采用铜绿假单胞菌注射液治疗。将铜绿假单胞菌注射液（1mL或2mL）通过引流管逆行注射到创腔，夹闭引流管1h后再开放引流管。结果 4例患者注射前1d24h引流量分别为200、350、540及810mL，其中2例患者为乳糜漏，引流时间分别为7d和15d；另2例患者为单纯淋巴漏，引流时间分别为13d和14d。注射1d后，引流量分别减少至20、45、120及255mL，4d后4例患者均顺利拔除引流管。4例患者治疗后均有不同程度的发热，经物理降温后体温恢复；均有不同程度的局部疼痛感，3例患者疼痛能耐受，另1例疼痛剧烈患者予以美洛昔康口服后缓解。结论 铜绿假单胞菌注射液治疗甲状腺癌颈部淋巴结清扫术后顽固性淋巴漏的疗效显著。
There is a worldwide consensus that urgent action is needed to prevent and control multi-drug resistant organisms in health care settings, especially carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) and carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPsA). In 2017, to focus on this topic, World Health Organization organized experts worldwide to develop guidelines for the prevention and control of CRE, CRPsA and CRAB. In this paper, we introduced the background, development process, main measures, advantages and disadvantages of the guidelines to help infection prevention and control practitioners take actions properly based on the guidelines.