Experimental uveitis was induced in rabbits by bovine serum albumin. Ocular inflammation,protein content of aqueous humor,T lymphocyte transformation and serum circulating immune complex were reduced markedly after the treatment of tetrandrine (Tet, 50mg/kg/d,ip)and dexamethasone(Dex, 5mg/kg/d,ip)for 8 days. Four days after withdrawal of Tet and Dex the protien content of the aqueous humor and serum eiucrlating immune complexes rose again,but these parameters in Tet group is lower than that in Dex group. The pathological study showed that inflammation of choroid in Tet treated group was lighter than that in untreated group. These results suggest that Tet is an effective inhibitory agent on bovine serum albumin-induced experimental uveitis. Its mechanism may be related to the suppression of cellular and humoral immune function aside from antiinflammation. （Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1994,10:149-152）
Objective To study the effect of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) plasmid on poly frosted-defrosted allogenic nerve transplantation. Methods Forty Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups equally. A 2.0 cm sciatic nerve segment, 5 mm away from infrapiriformis muscle space, was removed and the defect was repaired with poly frosteddefrosted allogenic nerve. The TGF-β1 plasmids were injected into the nerve anastomosis and adjacent muscles in the experimental group, normal saline in the control group. The nerve specimens were sectioned for staining in the 6th and 12th weeks . Axonal count and statistical analyses were done. Results The grafted and distal nerve segments showed regenerated fibers in both groups. In the experimental group,less edema and more nerve fibers were observed in the 6th week. The grafted nerve segment was filled with regeneration axons, the myelinated nerve fibers arranged regularly, and the axons and the myelin sheaths developed well in the 12th week. There was significant difference in the number of regenerating axons between the experimental group 98.6±4.8／μm2 and control group 75.8±5.1／μm2 (Plt;0.01). Conclusion Multiple frost-defrost of allogenic nerve can reduce its antigenicity and increase itsusefulness in repairing nerve defects. Local use of TGF-β1 plasmid can enhance immunosuppression to reduce immuno rejection.
Objective To evaluate the host immune reaction against adenovirus mediated human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (Adv-hBMP-2) gene therapy in repairof tibial defects. Methods Twelve goats were made 2.1 cm segmental defects in he tibial diaphysis and divided into 2 groups. AdvhBMP2 transfected marrow mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) and untransfected MSCs were implanted into the defect sites of transfected group(n=7) and untransfected group (n=5), respectively. The defect repair was observed by X-ray films after 4, 8, 16 and 24 weeks of transplantation and cellular and humoral immune reactions to adenovirus were assayed before implantation and after implantation. Results More bony callus was found in the bone defects of transfected group. The healing rates were 6/7 in transfected group and 2/5 in untransfected group, respectively at 24 weeks after implantation. The mixed culture of lymphocytes and MSCs showed that the lymphocytes stimulation indexes (SI) increased 14 days after implantation, and there was significant difference between the transfected group (4.213±1.278) and the untransfected group(－0.310±0.147，Plt;0.05); SI decreased after 28 days, but there was no significant difference between the transfected group (2.544±0.957) and the untransfected group (3.104±0.644，Pgt;0.05). After 14, 28, 49, and 120 days of treatment, the titer values of neutralizing antibody against Adv-hBMP-2 (log0.1) were 2.359±0226, 2.297±0.200, 2.214±0.215 and 2.297±0.210 in transfected group, and -0.175±0.335, -0.419±0.171, 0±0.171 and 0.874±0.524 in untransfected group, being significant differences betweentwo groups(Plt;0.05). Conclusion Adenovirus mediated BMP-2gene therapy can cause cellular and humoral immune reactions against adenovirus, which can eliminate the influence of adenoviral genes and proteins within a certain period.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of tissue engineered tendon on subgroup of T lymphocytes and its receptor in Roman chickens. METHODS: The flexor digitorum profundus of the third toes of right feet in 75 Roman chickens were resected and made 2.5 cm defects as experimental model. They were randomly divided into five groups according to five repair methods: no operation (group A), autograft (group B), fresh allograft (group C), polymer combined with allogenous tendon cells (group D), derived tendon materials combined with allogenous tendon cells (group E). The proliferation and transformation of lymphocytes and contribution of CD4+, CD8+, CD28 and T cell receptor (TCR) were detected to study the immune response. RESULTS: The CD4+, CD8+ and TCR of group D and E were increased slightly than that of group B after 7 days, while after 14 days, those data decreased gradually and no significant difference between tissue engineered tendon and autografts (P gt; 0.05), and there was significant difference between fresh allograft and tissue engineered tendon (P lt; 0.05). Lymphocytes transformation induced by conA also showed no significant difference between tissue engineered tendon and autografts (P gt; 0.05). CONCLUSION: Tendon cells are hypoantigen cells, there are less secretion of soluble antigen or antigen chips dropped out from cells. Tissue engineered tendon has excellent biocompatibility.
Objective To observe the changes of immune status in recipient after implanting with xenogeneic acellular bone matrix (ACBM). Methods Twenty rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups. Autograft，ACMB and bone soaked in alcohol were implant into the 3 experimental groups separately, and No-treatment was done as control group. The CD4+,CD8+,CD25+T lymphocytes in blood were detected by flow cytometer at 1, 2, 4 and 6 weeks after operation. After 2 and 6 weeks of implantation, the changes of bone and tissue were observed by histology. Results After 2-6 weeks, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were significantly higher in the implantedgroup of bone soaked in alcohol than that in the other 3 groups(Plt;0.05) and there wasno statistically significant difference in the other 3 groups(Pgt;0.05). After 2 weeks, CD25+ T cells were significantly higher in the implanted group of bone soakedin alcohol than that in the other groups. In the 2nd week, there were inflammatory infiltration with a predominance of granulocytes. In the 6th week, there were many fibroblasts instead of granulocytes with a few lymphocytes and cartilage island formed in the implanted groups of autograft and ACMB. Conclusion ACBM implanting has low influence on cellular immunity in recipient.
Objective To observe the systemic and local immune response after repair of nerve defect with acellular nerve xenograft laden with allogenic adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) in rhesus monkey so as to evaluate the safety of the proposed material for nerve reconstruction. Methods Bilateral tibial nerves were taken from a healthy adult male landrace (weighing 48 kg) to prepare acellular nerve xenograft by chemical extraction. ADSCs were isolated from a healthy adult male rhesus monkey (weighing 4.5 kg), and were seeded into the acellular nerve grafts. The radial nerve defect models with 25 mm in length were established in 10 healthy adult female rhesus monkeys (weighing 3-5 kg), and they were divided into cell-laden group (n=5) and non-cell-laden group (n=5) randomly. Defect was repaired with acellular nerve xenograft laden with allogenic ADSCs in cell-laden group, with acellular nerve xenograft only in non-cell-laden group. The blood samples were taken from peripheral vein preoperatively and at 14, 60, and 90 days after operation for lymphocyte analysis; at 5 months after operation, the grafts were harvested to perform histological examination for local immune response and nerve regeneration. The nerve autograft in rhesus monkey was used as control. Results In cell-laden group and non-cell-laden group, no significant difference was found in the count of lymphocytes and T lymphocytes, the percentage of T lymphocytes, CD8+ T lymphocytes, as well as the ratio of CD4+ T lymphocytes to CD8+ T lymphocytes between pre- and post-operation (P gt; 0.05); in cell-laden group, the percentage of CD4+ T lymphocytes at 14 days was significantly lower than that at 60 and 90 days postoperatively (P lt; 0.05). The percentage of CD4+ T lymphocytes in cell-laden group was significantly lower than that in non-cell-laden group at 14 days (P lt; 0.05), but no significant difference was found in the other indexes at the other time between 2 groups (P gt; 0.05). At 5 months after operation, mild adhesion was found on the surface of nerve xenografts; the epineurium of nerve xenografts was thicker than that of nerve autografts; and neither necrosis nor fibrosis was found. CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD68+, and CD163+ T lymphocytes were scattered within the grafts, in which regenerative axons were revealed. CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD68+, and CD163+ T lymphocytes were comparable in cell-laden group, non-cell-laden group, and autograft group. Conclusion Repair of nerve defect with acellular nerve xenograft elicits neither systemic nor local immune response in rhesus monkeys. Implantation of allogenic ADSCs might result in transient depression of CD4+ T lymphocytes proliferation early after surgery, no immune response can be found.
ObjectiveTo review the research progress of the roles of inflammation and immune response in the formation of pathological scar. MethodsThe recent literature concerning the formation mechanism of pathological scar was extensively consulted, inflammation and immune response involved in the formation of pathological scar was reviewed. ResultsThe formation of pathological scar is associated with inflammation and immune response, some inflammatory factors will promote the activation of immune cells, then induce immune cells releasing cytokines and aggravate inflammatory response. However, inflammation response also affects the level of immune response. So they work together to promote the formation of pathological scar by the immuno-inflammatory cells and media. ConclusionThe formation of pathological scar is not only related to inflammation response, but also involves in immune response. Moreover, immune response is the new progress in the study of pathological scar mechanism in recent years. Further research of immuno-inflammatory response will provide new ideas and corresponding basis for the prevention of pathological scar.
ObjectiveTo summarize progress of 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-OHC), 27-hydroxycholesterol(27-OHC), and 7α,25-hydroxycholesterol (7α,25-OHC) three oxidized cholesterols in inflammation and immunology and to provide evidence for related basic researches and diseases treatments.MethodThe relevant literatures about these three important oxidized cholesterols in the inflammation and immunology in recent years were reviewed.ResultsThe 25-OHC and 27-OHC could exert the antiviral effects by interfering with various viruses invading the host via various mechanisms. Moreover, the 25-OHC and 27-OHC also played the important regulatory roles in a variety of inflammatory processes and inflammatory diseases. The 7α,25-OHC played the important role in a variety of inflammatory processes by acting on the inflammatory and immune cell membrane receptor G-protein coupled receptor 183 (also known as Epstein-Barr virus-inducible receptor 2).Conclusion25-OHC, 27-OHC and 7α,25-OHC play an important roles in occurrence and development of various inflammatory and immune responses and diseases of inflammatory and immune by acting on a variety of nuclear receptors and membrane receptors.