目的:探讨MRI不同检查方法对十二指肠乳头旁憩室(periampullary diverticulum,PAD)的诊断价值。方法:应用MRI多序列检查方法诊断PAD23例,并进行分析。结果:T1WI显示为囊状低信号影,与十二指肠相通者1例,其余22例表现为不均匀略低及高低混杂信号,均未明确诊断;横断位压脂T2WI显示含气液平面囊性病灶15例;冠状位FIESTA序列表现为混杂高信号或高信号影15例;呼吸触发3D MRCP表现为高或混杂高信号影16例;冠状位屏气3DCE LAVA动态增强扫描均清晰显示。其中合并胆系结石13例,胆系炎症及感染13例,胰腺炎3例,胆胰管扩张3例,十二指肠炎症3例。结论:MRI能多序列、多方位、直观、无创的清晰显示PAD的部位、大小、范围及与邻近结构的关系,同时显示胆胰疾病形态学改变。故MRI多序列检查非常必要,是PAD诊断及鉴别诊断的重要方法。
目的 介绍保留十二指肠乳头的胰十二指肠切除术。 方法 对2例重型十二指肠合并胰腺损伤患者行保留十二指肠乳头的胰十二指肠切除术。结果 无手术死亡,术后无胰瘘等严重并发症,均痊愈出院。结论 对胆总管完整、十二指肠乳头尚存的重型胰十二指肠损伤患者，急诊手术行保留十二指肠乳头的胰十二指肠切除是值得考虑和应用的安全手术方法。
Objective To study the clinical diagnosis and treatment of juxtapapillary duodenal diverticula with biliary deseases.Methods Eighteen duodenal diverticulum treated in our department in recent 5 years were retrospectivly analyzed, especially investigated the postcholecystectomy cases whose symptoms were continuing existence after operatoins. Articles about the surgical treatment were reviewed. Results The total of 18 duodenal diverticulum with 17 cases of juxtapapillary duodenal diverticulum were included in this study. The ages of 12 cases were over 50 years old. Sixteen cases(88.89%) presented biliary stones. Seven cases once had performed cholecystectomy or cholecystectomy plus choledochotomy,but symptoms persisted after operations. The duodenal diverticulum were found by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and hypotonic duodenography. Sixteen patients underwent surgical treatment with good effect. Conclusion The juxtapapillary duodenal diveticula has the close relationship with biliary stones. ERCP and hypotonic duodenogrphy are the most reliable methods to get the correct diagnosis. In case of recurrent common bile duct stones after operations or persisting billiary symptoms after cholecystectomy, the coexistence of juxtapapillary duodenal diverticulum should be ruled out. The surgical treatment is only considered for the duodenal diverticulum with complication.
Objective To investigate the severe complications recently after endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) and related risk factors. Methods Two thousands one hundred and twenty patients after EST in People’s Hospital of Leshan city in recent 15 years were collected to be analyzed. The incidence rates of severe complications were observed and related risk factors were analyzed. Results Thirty four cases (1.60%) in 2 120 patients presented severe complications in 72 h after EST: Nine were with hemorrhage, 23 with acute pancreatitis, 1 with duodenum perforation and 1 with septicemia. Acute pancreatitis was the most remarkable severe complication. The duodenal papilla with tumor or inflammation, and oddi dysfunction were the primary risk factors of hemorrhage or acute pancreatitis, respectively. The rate of oddi dysfunction patients with acute pancreatitis reached up to 44.68% (21/47). Conclusions Acute pancreatitis is the most common severe complications recently after EST and sphincter of oddi dysfunction is the most remarkable risk factor.
ObjectiveTo discuss the reason and treatment strategy of gallbladder muddy stones after cholecysto-lithotomy. MethodsThe clinical data of 62 patients with gallbladder muddy stones after cholecystolithotomy who were treated in our hospital from December 2008 to December 2014 was analyzed retrospectively. ResultsThere were 43 patients without any symptom and 19 patients with acute cholecystitis in 62 patients. Four patients were diagnosed with septation gallbladder, 6 patients with long and tortuous cystic duct, 3 patients with calculus of cystic duct, 4 patients with common bile duct stones, 39 patients with periampullary diverticula, 18 patients with pancreaticobiliary maljunction, 6 patients with duodenal papilla stenosis, 29 patients with duodenal papillitis, and 3 patients with duodenal papilla adenocarcinoma. Two patients were treated with laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), 1 patient with endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) /endoscopic balloon dilation (EPBD) and LC, 1 patient with percutaneous transhepafic gallbladder drainage (PTGD) and open cholec-ystectomy, 14 patients with PTGD and EST/EPBD, 1 patient with PTGD and hepatocholangioplasty with the use of gallbladder (HG), 34 patients with EST/EPBD, 3 patients with EST/EPBD and endoscopic biliay metal stent drainage (EBMSD), 5 patients with HG, and 1 patient with EST/EPBD and HG. The gallbladder muddy stones disappeared after operations in 55 patients with gallbladder reserved, and gallbladder ejection fraction increased from (42±12) % to (59±16) %. Of the 62 patients, 53 patients were followed up for 6 months to 6 years (the median time was 3.6-year). During the follow-up period, 3 patients were diagnosed with gallbladder stones, 2 patients with common bile duct stones, and 2 patients with intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile duct stones. ConclusionBile efferent tract obstruction is the important reason for the formation of gallbladder stones. HG, EST, and balloon expansion are the efficient methods to resolve the bile efferent tract obstruction.
ObjectiveTo explore the efficacy and safety of endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) in the treatment of sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (SOD).MethodsThe clinical data of 95 cases of SOD treated with EST in Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University and Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Guizhou Medical University from January 2014 to January 2019 were collected retrospectively, to evaluate and analyze the effect of clinical diagnosis and treatment of EST on SOD patients.ResultsAmong 95 SOD patients, 86 were biliary type SOD and 9 were pancreatic type SOD. All 95 patients underwent EST. The Verbal Rating Scales-5 (VRS-5) scores before EST were all 3 or 4 points, and the VRS-5 scores decreased after treatment in each type of SOD patients, the difference were all statistically significant (P<0.05). After treatment, levels of ALT, AST, ALP, TBiL, and DBiL in biliary type SOD Ⅰ and type Ⅱ were significantly lower than before (P<0.05); ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, and blood and urine amylase in patients with pancreatic type SOD after EST were significantly decreased than before (P<0.05), and the biochemical indicators of patients with SOD Ⅲ before and after treatment did not change significantly (P>0.05). After EST treatment, 70 (81.4%) of the 86 patients with bile type SOD showed significant effect, and 10 patients (11.6%) were effective, with an overall effective rate of 93.0% (80/86). Among the 16 patients with bile type SOD Ⅰ, 14 patients (87.5%) received significant effect, and 1 patient (6.3%) was effective, with an overall effective rate of 93.8% (15/16). That 51 patients with bile type SOD Ⅱ received EST, of which 43 patients (84.3%) were significantly effective and 6 patients (11.8%) were effective, with an overall response rate of 96.1% (49/51). Among the 19 patients with bile type SOD Ⅲ treated with EST, 13 patients (68.4%) were significantly effective and 3 patients (15.8%) were effective, with the overall effective rate was 84.2% (16/19). There was no statistically significant difference in the overall effective rate of patients with 3 types of biliary type SOD patients (P>0.05). Endoscopic treatment was effective in all 9 cases of pancreatic type SOD, with an overall effective rate of 100%. There were 5 patients (5.3%) of acute pancreatitis after EST, and no bleeding, perforation, cholangitis or other complications occurred. All patients were interviewed for 1 to 5 years postoperatively, the median follow-up duration was 2.33 year, during the follow-up period, nolong-term complications such as Oddi sphincter restenosis and cholangitis caused by intestinal bile reflux.ConclusionESTis a minimally invasive, safe, and effective treatment for SOD in patients with bile duct type and pancreatic duct type, and it is an important treatment for SOD.
Objective To explore the operation methods and indications of the transabdominal reverse guided-laparoscopic endoscopic sphincterotomy in treatment of duodenal papilla stenosis during the course of laparoscopic common bile duct exploration. Methods The clinical data of 501 cases of duodenal papilla stenosis who underwent laparoscopic endoscopic sphincterotomy with the transabdominal reverse guide technique from March 2003 to July 2015 in the Second People’s Hospital of Chengdu city were analyzed retrospectively. Results All operation of the 501 cases were successful, no death happened. The operation time were 60-190 min (average of 107 min), the blood loss were 5-100 mL (average of 21.8 mL), and postoperative hospitalization time were 4-9 days (average of 6.7 days). It was successful in 501 cases that removed the gallbladder, and successful in 493 cases (98.4%) that removed the common bile duct stones out of 501 cases. Six cases (1.2%) had residual stones in T tube drainage and received treatment with postoperative choledochoscope and electrohydraulic lithotripsy. Two cases (0.4%) of primary suture had residual stones. In the 501 cases, 364 cases (72.7%) underwent directly implementation of primary suture after the success of papillary stenosis cutting, 9 cases (1.8%) underwent primary suture after indwelling ureteral catheter, 118 cases (23.5%) underwent primary suture after detaining nasobiliary drainage, 4 cases (0.8%) failed in cutting the papillary stenosis and 6 cases (1.2%) had residual stones, all the 10 cases turned into the T tube drainage. After the operation, 9 cases (1.8%) suffered from mild pancreatitis and 23 cases (4.6%) suffered from bile leakage, no perforation of intestine and bile duct, bleeding, severe pancreatitis, and other complications happened. The overall incidence of postoperative complication was 6.8% (34/501). Conclusion If patients are suitable, transabdominal reverse guided-laparoscopic endoscopic sphincterotomy in treatment of duodenal papilla stenosis is safe and effective.
ObjectiveTo investigate the value of endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) on treating sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (SOD). MethodsForty-two patients with SOD according to Rome Ⅱ diagnostic criteria were retrospectively summarized. Bile duct residual stone, tumor or biliopancreatic duct obstruction diseases were excluded by B ultrasound, CT, and MRCP examination. Total 42 patients underwent EST. ResultsEST was done successfully in 42 cases, success rate was 100%. Postoperative acute pancreatitis occurred in 5 patients (11.90%), which were cured by 3－7 d conservative treatment. There were no complications of severe acute pancreatitis, digestive tract perforation, hemorrhage, and cholangitis. Follow-up 12-45 months (mean 23.8 months), symptoms of abdominal pain in all cases were improved or relieved, the effective rate was 100%. There were 2 cases treated conservatively because of hyperlipemic pancreatitis. ConclusionEST has become the primary treatment procedure for SOD because of definite outcome, less suffering, safety, less complications, and reproducibility, which are concordant with the requirements of minimally invasive surgery.