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find Keyword "发病机制" 90 results
  • Research progress on the etiology and pathogenesis of spina bifida

    ObjectiveTo review the research progress on etiology and pathogenesis of spina bifida. MethodsBy consulting relevant domestic and foreign research literature on spina bifida, the classification, epidemic trend, pathogenesis, etiology, prevention and treatment of it were analyzed and summarized. ResultsSpina bifida, a common phenotype of neural tube defects, is classified based on the degree and pattern of malformation associated with neuroectodermal involvement and is due to the disturbance of neural tube closure 28 days before embryonic development. The prevalence of spina bifida varies greatly among different ethnic groups and regions, and its etiology is complex. Currently, some spina bifida patients can be prevented by folic acid supplements, and with the improvement of treatment technology, the short-term and long-term survival rate of children with spina bifida has improved. ConclusionThe research on the pathogenesis of spina bifida will be based on the refined individual information on exposure, genetics, and complex phenotype, and will provide a theoretical basis for improving prevention and treatment strategies through multidisciplinary cooperation.

    Release date:2021-12-07 02:45 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • 慢性间歇缺氧引起高血压的发病机制

    阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征( OSAHS)是临床常见疾病。高血压、肺动脉高压、冠心病、心力衰竭、心律失常、猝死及脑血管疾病等都与OSAHS 存在密切相关性, 但对于OSAHS 所致全身性疾病的发病机制尚未完全阐明。已知慢性间歇低氧( chronic intermittent hypoxia, CIH) 和睡眠结构紊乱是OSAHS 的主要病理生理特征, 因而通常将啮齿类动物反复暴露于短暂间歇低氧环境中来模拟阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停( obstructive sleep apnea, OSA) 的低氧血症, 并借此探讨OSAHS 所致疾病的机制[ 1 ] ,尤其是与高血压的相关性。近年来, 对于间歇低氧( intermittent hypoxia, IH) 导致这些疾病发生的分子机制取得诸多进展, 包括神经系统、循环系统、炎症介质和转录因子等方面。

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  • The pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment progress of coronavirus disease 2019 complicated by renal injury

    With the in-depth understanding of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, it has been found that the virus not only causes serious damage to the human respiratory system, but also damages the kidney system, which can be manifested as acute kidney injury, and in severe cases, renal failure can occur. Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 and chronic kidney disease are at higher risk of worsening their condition and even death. Therefore, early recognition and intervention of renal injury is particularly important for prognosis. In this paper, the clinical data of renal injury in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 were reviewed, and the possible pathogenesis, incidence, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment were proposed for reference in clinical decision-making.

    Release date:2020-12-28 09:30 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • Old Drug, New Tricks: Metformin in Treatment of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Complicated with Liver Cancer

    ObjectiveTo understand the role of metformin on reducing incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2MD) patients complicated with liver cancer. MethodThe related literatures of metformin treated patients with T2MD complicated with liver cancer at home and abroad in recent years were reviewed. ResultsA large number of epidemiological and clinical data showed that the metformin might prevent the occurrence of the T2MD patients complicated with liver cancer, its mechanism was mainly inhibited the proliferation of hepatoma cells through the ATM-LKB1-AMPK-mTOR pathway, PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, or miRNA. The current controversy was the authenticity of the data, the influencing factors included the aging problem and characteristics of metformin user. The prospective study design rigorous remained to be clarified. ConclusionMetformin could reduce the incidence of T2MD patients complicated with liver cancer, and could inhibit the growth of liver cancer cells, which provides a new way of thinking for the comprehensive treatment of liver cancer.

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  • 神经炎症在婴儿痉挛发病机制中的研究进展

    婴儿痉挛(Infantile spasms,IS)是一种独特的,并有年龄依赖性的婴儿早期癫痫性脑病。具有发病年龄早、发作形式特殊、进行性认知损害、脑电图呈高峰失律等特征。其病因复杂、多样,发病机制尚未明确,治疗方面仍存在困难,大多遗留智能缺陷等后遗症。癫痫的发生与神经组织微环境中增加的强烈而持续的炎症状态相关,受损神经元组织中炎症细胞和分子的激活、分解调节障碍是癫痫发展的关键因素,炎症可能起源于中枢神经系统,或通过血脑屏障的破坏从全身循环获得。同时癫痫也可能激活促炎通路,导致神经炎症的发生。本文对近年神经炎症通路在 IS 发病机制中的作用研究进行综述,通过总结遗传学进展揭示了许多参与 IS 发病机制的基因,包括直接或间接参与炎症的基因,同时得到临床和 IS 动物模型的研究支持。了解 IS 发生发展过程中炎症的神经生物学将有助于开发新的生物标志物,以便更好地筛选高危患者,为探索 IS 治疗新靶点提供方向。

    Release date:2020-05-19 01:07 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • 甲状腺乳头状癌合并桥本甲状腺炎的研究进展

    自1955年Dailey等首次提出桥本甲状腺炎(HT)可以演变为甲状腺乳头状癌(PTC)后,PTC与HT的关系一直备受关注,近年来合并HT的PTC发病率呈明显的增长趋势,学者们就环境方面、分子层面、自身免疫等相关发病机制进行了研究,包括其治疗及预后,但至今未达成一致意见。现就PTC合并HT的流行病学、发病机制、治疗及预后等方面作一综述。

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  • The role of retinal signaling molecules in the occurrence and progression of myopia

    With the surged prevalence of myopia, the pathogenic mechanism underlying myopia has attracted attention. At present, it is generally believed in the flied that the reduced blood perfusion in the choroid is crucial for myopigenesis. Then, in the process of myopigenesis, how are the blurred visual signals transmitted to the choroidal blood vessels through the retina and retinal pigment epithelium, leading to the reduced choroidal blood perfusion. The cellular and molecular mechanisms underpinning this process remain elusive. In recent years, the theory of scleral hypoxia has attracted much attention. Popular signaling molecules in current research include dopamine, epidermal growth factor, retinoic acid, cholinergic molecules and adenosine, etc. These factors are likely to participate in signal transduction in retina and RPE, thus causing changes in choroidal blood flow and affecting the occurrence and development of myopia. Therefore, these signaling factors and their downstream pathways may provide new ideas for the prevention and control of myopia targets.

    Release date:2023-09-12 09:11 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • Progress in the role of adiponectin in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy

    Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of common and specific microvascular complications caused by diabetic mellitus, and remains a serious and common ocular complication leading preventable blindness. At present, the specific pathogenesis of DR is not completely clear, and many factors are involved in its occurrence and development. Adiponectin (APN) is an endogenous cytokine secreted by adipocytes. It is expressed in all layers of retina, especially in the outer layer (rods and cones). It is involved in regulating fatty acid oxidation and glucose metabolism by binding with specific receptors. In recent years, a lot of studies have found that APN can be involved in regulating blood glucose, inhibiting neovascularization, reducing inflammation, dilating blood vessels and improving vascular endothelial function. At present, the specific mechanism of APN in the occurrence and development of DR Remains to be determined. Further research on the level changes and the specific mechanism of action of APN in DR may help to identify the characteristic metabolic changes of DR, thus providing new biomarkers for the diagnosis of DR, while helping to promote the innovation of the treatment of DR.

    Release date:2023-09-12 09:11 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • Mechanism of immune checkpoint inhibitors related adverse events

    Most immune-related adverse event (irAE) associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) resulted from excessive immune response against normal organs. The severity, timing, and organs affected by these events were often unpredictable. Adverse reactions could cause treatment delays or interruptions, in rare cases, pose a life-threatening risk. The mechanisms underlying irAE involved immune cell dysregulation, imbalances in inflammatory factor expression, alterations in autoantibodies and complement activation, even dysbiosis of intestinal microorganisms. However, the mechanisms of irAE occurrence might differ slightly among organs due to variations in their structures and the functions of resident immune cells. Future research should focus on the development of targeted drugs for the prevention or treatment of irAE based on the mechanisms by which irAE occurs in different organs. A deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying irAE occurrence would aid clinicians in effectively utilizing ICIs and provide valuable guidance for their clinical application.

    Release date:2024-02-28 02:42 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • 多原发恶性肿瘤的病因和发病机制的探讨

    多原发恶性肿瘤是肿瘤发生学上一种少见的现象。但近年来,随着诊疗技术的进步,肿瘤患者的5年 生存率普遍提高。基于人群的研究结果提示伴随着生存期的延长,患者发生第二肿瘤的概率也逐渐提高。因此, 关于多原发恶性肿瘤的报道越来越多。现通过复习国内外的历年有关报道,主要探讨多原发癌的病因和发病机 制,以加深医务人员对多原发恶性肿瘤的认识。

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