目的:探讨微创经皮肾通道碎石(Minimally Invasive Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy, mPCNL)与改良经皮肾通道碎石治疗复杂上尿路结石的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2003年10月至2009年2月经皮肾镜碎石术治疗上尿路结石430例,据术中建立的碎石通道将其分为mPCNL组(220例)和改良经皮肾通道组(210例),分析其术中出血量、手术时间、结石清除率、术后感染率、胸腹腔积液等指标。结果: mPCNL组和改良通道PCNL组均于术后24h复查血红蛋白分别下降(28±6) g/L,(30±5) g/L。其中术中或者术后输血者各为12例和11例,两组各有一例因术后大出血而行超选择动脉栓塞治愈。mPCNL组手术时间90~180 min平均为120 min。改良通道PCNL组手术时间50~150 min平均为90 min。结石清除率mPCNL组84.5%而改良通道PCNL组达到94.8%,两组残余结石均经二期、三期取石或者体外碎石排出。其mPCNL组与改良通道PCNL组损伤胸腹膜者各有3例。术后发生尿路感染分别有28例和25例,经选用敏感抗生素治疗3~5天体温降至正常。结论:采用改良经皮肾通道治疗复杂性上尿路结石能明显缩短手术时间,提高结石取净率并不增加出血、感染、胸腹腔损伤等并发症。
Objective To evaluate the feasibility of laparoscopic rectal resection (LR) in elderly and younger patients with rectal cancer. Methods From January 2008 to March 2009, 76 patients with rectal cancer undergoing elective rectal resection were included in this study. Older than 70 years named elderly group, in which LR was given to 16 cases, and open resection (OR) to 18 cases. Younger than 70 years named younger group, in which LR was performed in 23 cases, and OR in 19 cases. The results after LR and OR in rectal cancer between 2 groups of patients were compared. Results No surgery-assisted death occurred in either group. In 2 groups, ventilation time, intake food time and hospitalization after operation in LR were shorter than those of OR (P＜0.05， P＜0.01); intraoperative blood loss and the proportion of postoperative analgesia in LR were less than those of OR in 2 groups (P＜0.01); there were no significant differences between LR and OR (Pgt;0.05) in mean operation time or number of lymph node resected. In addition to the incision infection rate, the other complications rates and the postoperative life self-care rate between LR and OR were no significantly different in younger group (Pgt;0.05). In the elderly group, every complication rates of LR were lower than those of OR (P＜0.05), oppositely, the postoperative life self-care rate was higher (P＜0.01). Conclusions LR of rectal cancer can be applied to both elderly and younger patients. It is suggested that advanced age should not be the contraindication for LR, and by contrary elderly patients may be particularly indicated for lower postoperative complications rate compared to open surgeries.