OBJECTIVE: To explore the kidney anatomic structure of banna minipig inbred-lines, and to provide data for kidney xenotransplantation. METHODS: The fresh and infused kidneys of banna minipig (including the vessel and the ureter) were checked by anatomic microscope and vernier caliper in original location and away body. The tissue structure was observed by HE stain. RESULTS: The structure of kidney of banna minipig inbred-lines (including the vessel and the ureter) are similar to that of human being. The fascia propria of kidney is divided into three layers including capsula fibrosa, capsula adipose and fascia renalis. The thickness of cortex renalis is (20.0 +/- 2.4) mm. The average diameter of renal artery is 5.1 mm and is similar to that of human being. All the kidneys of banna minipig inbred-lines have a single branch renal artery. The diameters of left and right ureters are 5.1 mm and 4.7 mm, respectively. CONCLUSION: The kidney of banna minipig inbred-lines is an ideal replacement of human kidney for xenotransplantation.
From January 1984 to November 1997, the boiling xenogenic bone (porcine and bovine bone) was applied in 65 patients. The xenogenic bone was used to promote bone healing in 24 cases, intramedullary bone graft in 37 and osteomyelitis in 4. All of the patients were followed up for 2 to 35 months. The results showed that in five cases there was infection after operation, and all other the wounds had primary healing. The xenogenic bone seemed to induce rejection in vivo. In the sevious cases immunosuppressive treatment was often needed. The volume of the bone grafted and the extent of the periosteum being stripped seemed to be important whether xenogenic bone graft would be successful or. There were lots of problem needed investigation.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of heterogeneous (swine) acellular dermal matrix (s-ADM) and autologous overthin split-thickness skin (auto-OTS) composite grafting in repair of deep burns at articular sites. METHODS: From May 1999 to April 2000, 19 articular sites in 16 patients, including 14 males and 2 females, were treated. In all the 19 sites of deep burn, the total burn area varied from 2% to 48% and the full-thickness burn area varied from 1% to 35%. After the primary escharectomy (1 to 5 days later) and complete hemostasis, the s-ADM was utilized to cover the exposed articular sites and the auto-OTS was transferred on the surface of sutured s-ADM. The size of s-ADM applied to each patient varied from 25 cm2 to 150 cm2. Regular skin grafting was adopted elsewhere other than the articular site. The survival rate of all skin grafting was evaluated and pathological examination was performed. RESULTS: The survival rate of the composite skin was (90.80 +/- 18.34)%, which was obvious higher than the survival rate of contiguous granulosum skin grafting (P lt; 0.05) and almost the same with that of snip skin grafting(P gt; 0.05). The survived composite skin appeared as smooth and soft as normal skin, and the function of articular site almost recovered with neglectable hypertrophic scar. The pathological examination revealed that the normal cell grew into s-ADM with regularly arranged collagen fiber and neovascularization in the matrix. CONCLUSION: The combination of s-ADM and auto-OTS graft is cheap and effective method to cover wound and minimize hypertrophic scar.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression and distribution of xenoantigen in intervertebral disk of Chinese banna minipig inbred line, and to study the availability of xenograft transplantation of intervertebral disk. METHODS: Samples of intervertebral disk were collected from six Banna pigs of 8 to 11-month-old. The fixation, embedment and slice were performed. α-Gal specific binding lection (BSI-B4) were used as affinity reagents and affinity-immunohistochemistry assays (SABC methods and DAB stain) were conducted to detect the expression and distribution of xenoantigen (α-Gal). RESULTS: alpha-Gal was found in chondrocyte cell and chondrocyte-like cell in intervertebral disk which have the positive yellow-stained particulate aggradation. There was no stain in the matrix, elastic fiber and collagen fiber. CONCLUSIONS: The distribution of xenoantigen is locally in the tissue of intervertebral disk and its expression is weak. This suggests that the intervertebral disk of Banna pig may be alternative donor for xenotransplantation.
Objective To establish a scaffold model from heterogeneoussmall blood vessels. Methods Caudal arteries from 34 Wistar rats( average length 12.08±1.69 cm) were made into acellular blood vessel scaffolds. Some scaffoldswere observed by electron microscope, and others were transplanted to the cut ends of ear central arteries of male Japanese big ear white rabbits. Results Average external diameter was 0.74±0.08 mm in proximal, and 0.55±0.08 mm in distal end of rat caudal arteries. The small blood vessel scaffolds had shin wall whichwas white and soft, composed of fibrous tissues without cells. On the intima surface the fibrous tissues were arrayed densely in a grid-like pattern. After transplantation, the blood flow was reserved, and kept flowing freely in 24 hours. The pulsation of the transplanted artery was accessible and no blood leakage wasfound.Conclusion The natural scaffolds are composed of fibrous tissues, and can sustain the artery pulse pressure for 24 hours. It is better to suture the blood vessels by sleeve anastomosis.
Objective To investigate the effect of anti-infective reconstitutedbone xenograft (ARBX) as primary grafting on repair of a segmental contaminateddefect in canine radius. Methods The contaminated segmentaldefects of 1.5 cm were made in both radius of 8 canine and 1 ml of staphylococal suspension was injected into the defect region at a concentration of 5×106 CFU/ml. ARBX(experimental side) or RBX(control side) was implanted into the two sides of the defects respectively as primary grafting followed by internal fixation. The results were compared between the two grafting materials in repairing the contaminated segmental defect. Results In ARBX side, the defects were repaired completely in 5 cases and partially in 1 case, and there existed no osteomyelitis in all cases; while in RBX side, the defects were repaired partially in 1 case and were not repaired in 5 cases after 6 months of operation, and there existed osteomyelitis in all cases. Conclusion Besides its b osteoinductive and osteoconductive activity, ARBX is highly antibacterial and can be used as primary grafting in repairing contaminated segmental defects.
Objective To observe the changes of immune status in recipient after implanting with xenogeneic acellular bone matrix (ACBM). Methods Twenty rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups. Autograft，ACMB and bone soaked in alcohol were implant into the 3 experimental groups separately, and No-treatment was done as control group. The CD4+,CD8+,CD25+T lymphocytes in blood were detected by flow cytometer at 1, 2, 4 and 6 weeks after operation. After 2 and 6 weeks of implantation, the changes of bone and tissue were observed by histology. Results After 2-6 weeks, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were significantly higher in the implantedgroup of bone soaked in alcohol than that in the other 3 groups(Plt;0.05) and there wasno statistically significant difference in the other 3 groups(Pgt;0.05). After 2 weeks, CD25+ T cells were significantly higher in the implanted group of bone soakedin alcohol than that in the other groups. In the 2nd week, there were inflammatory infiltration with a predominance of granulocytes. In the 6th week, there were many fibroblasts instead of granulocytes with a few lymphocytes and cartilage island formed in the implanted groups of autograft and ACMB. Conclusion ACBM implanting has low influence on cellular immunity in recipient.
OBJECTIVE The pathogenesis, mechanism, manifestation and diagnosis of graft-versus-host disease(GVHD) are reviewed in this article. METHODS The relevant articles in recent public magazines were reviewed and summarized. RESULTS It was indicated that GVHD occurred in the conditioned recipients in animal experiments and clinical transplantations. Humoral and cellular factors were involved in GVHD, which could be diagnosed and classified according to their characteristics. CONCLUSION As a kind of interactions between the host and donor, GVHD are severely harmful to the host. It may also occur in xenotransplantation, where GVHD can be utilized in the studies on transplant immunology, oncology etc. Xenogeneic GVHD is receiving more and more attentions.
Objective To investigate bio characteristics of bone stromal cells (MSC) in different concentrations of alginate combined with xenograft. Methods The configuration and secretion of MSC in different concentrations of alginate combined with xenograft were observed by scanning electron microscope and inverted microscope. Results When the concentration of alginate was 0.25% or 1%, alginate was equally combined in xenograft, 4% and 8% only on the surface of xenograft. After cultured for 4 days, alginate of 0.25# came off from xenograft. But alginate of 1% was equally combined in xenograft with cell secreting well in alginate. The growth of cells in alginate of 4% was restricted and no cell was seen in alginate of 8%. Conclusion Alginate of 1% is suitable fro constructing carrier of tissue engineering bone.
Limitation of donor source for allograft makes the research on xenograft progress. Pig is regarded as one of the ideal donor animals. The major obstacle in xenograft is hyperacute rejection, which is caused by complements after they are activated by xenogeneic antigens combined with natural antibodies. It has been confirmed that alpha-Gal is the major target antigen, whose expression is incharged by alpha-1,3 galactosyltransferase (alpha-GT). The approaches to overcome hyperacute rejection against alpha-Gal included: immunoadsorption of xenogeneic natural antibodies, lysis of antigen by enzyme and genetic manupilation to obtain animal lack of alpha-GT. Besides alpha-Gal, there were other antigens binding to human serum antibody, such as gp65 and gp100, which was expressed on PAEC after induced by TNF, the A-like antigen. But their function was still unknown. It was debatable on the role of MHC in xenograft. Both direct and indirect pathway were involved in cellular response in xenograft.