As emerging means of cancer treatment, immunotherapy is the fourth major therapeutic strategy after surgery, chemoradiotherapy, and targeted therapy, which benefits patients a lot. It has been more than 100 years for the medical community exploring how to harness the immune system to fight cancer. Since the advent of ipilimumab in 2011, the first checkpoint inhibitor, cancer immunotherapy represented by checkpoint inhibitors has exploded. Several programmed death protein-1 and programmed cell death ligand-1 inhibitors have successively been approved to treat advanced non-small cell lung cancer in the second-line setting or even the first-line setting. But checkpoint inhibitors therapy has only achieved limited benefit at the present stage. Exploring potential predictive biomarkers and mechanisms of resistance are in need of further consideration to optimize immunotherapy.
The 12th Asian Conference on Pharmacoepidemiology (ACPE) has been successfully held from October 11st to 13rd, 2019 in Kyoto, Japan. More than 600 representatives from 33 countries and regions participated in the meeting. The arrangement of this conference mainly included: education session program, contributed papers report, symposium and poster presentation, which provided good opportunity for participants to communicate. Moreover, it promoted the dissemination and utilization of advanced methods and technologies of global pharmacoepidemiology, especially in Asia region, and provided technical support in order to ensure the safety and efficacy of public. Moreover, it was the first time that the symposium on herbal and Traditional Medicines has been set up in the ACPE. This paper introduced the main details of the contents
目的 比较经尿道前列腺剜除术（TUEP）与经尿道前列腺电切术（TURP）的疗效。 方法 2010年11月－2011年3月，收治前列腺增生（BPH）患者58例，分别采用TUEP（30例）、TURP（28例）治疗。患者年龄55～87岁，平均73岁；病程1～12年，平均5年。术前常规行直肠指检前列腺光滑无结节；经直肠前列腺彩色超声多普勒检查，测得前列腺体积为50～80 mL，平均62 mL；血清前列腺特异性抗原＜10 ng/mL。 结果 TUEP组术中出血量、术后冲洗时间均短于TURP，切除前列腺组织体积大于TURP组，差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。术后拔除尿管后发生暂时性尿失禁TUEP组1例，TURP组发生2例，两组比较差异无统计学意义；两组均无永久性尿失禁发生。 结论 TUEP与TURP相比较，TUEP手术疗效好，出血少、恢复快，且并发症少。
ObjectiveTo discuss the effect of Cabrol in treatment of Stanford type A aortic dissection.MethodsThe clinical data of patients whom were diagnosed with type A aortic dissection of Stanford in our hospital from January 2013 to January 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. All of 40 patients underwent Cabrol surgical procedure. There were 31 males and 9 females aged 26–75 (48.8±3.3) years. The surgical treatment effect of the patients was evaluated, mainly including the aortic index, the changes in cardiac function before and after operation, and the postoperative follow-up.ResultsAll the 40 patients completed the operation successfully. The diameter of ascending aorta and aortic sinus in postoperative patients were smaller than those before operation (P<0.05). Postoperative left ventricular ejection fraction and cardiac output increased, central venous pressure and left ventricular end-diastolic dimension decreased, and cardiac function indexes were significantly different from those before the operation (P<0.05). Seven patients suffered complications in postoperative follow-up including one stenting leakage, three neurological diseases and three acute renal failure. Two patients died postoperatively.ConclusionCabrol’s operation is effective in the treatment of Stanford type A aortic dissection, which can significantly improve the cardiac function of patients, simplify the anastomosis of coronary artery ostia and decrease amount of bleeding.
Objective To investigate and compare the difference between two implants of reconstructing anterior cruciate l igament (ACL) for the early heal ing of implants tunnel interface in terms of biological mechanism. Methods Fiftyfive adult New Zealand rabbits weighing 2.0-2.8 kg were selected. Patellar l igament with tibia-bone block was obtained fromthe left knee joint serving as donor site, right knee joint served as the recipient site of autograft for ACL reconstruction. Thebone block end of implant was bone-bone interface heal ing model, while the l igament end was tendon-bone interface heal ing model. The general condition of rabbits was observed after operation, the gross observation and histology observation were conducted at 2, 4 and 8 weeks after operation (n=5), and biomechanics examination was conducted at 4 and 8 weeks after operation (n=20). Results Rabbits behaved normally after operation. The gross observation indicated that ACL had complete continuity and moderate tension during experiment. Histology observation: most part of bone-bone interface was connected by fibrous tissue, while the tendon-bone interface was mainly filled by granulation tissue 2 weeks after operation; most part of bone-bone interface was bone union, and there were osteogenesis reaction and large quantity of fibroblasts in the tendonbone interface 4 weeks after operation; complete bone union was evident in bone-bone interface, and the appearance of Sharpey fibers and the formation of indirect insertion occured in part of tendon-bone interface 8 weeks after operation. Biomechanics observation: the pull-out rate for tendon-bone interface and bone-bone interface 4 weeks after operation was 85% and 15%, respectively; while it was 95% and 5% 8 weeks after operation, respectively; indicating there was a significant difference between two groups (P lt; 0.001). Conclusion In the early stage after ACL reconstruction, bone-bone interface is better than tendonbone interface in terms of intensity and speed of heal ing.