Objective To detect the concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in plasma and intraocular liquid (aqueous humor and vitreous body) in patients with deabetic retinopathy (DR) and the role VEGF plays in the development of DR. Methods The concentrations of VEGF in plasma, aqueous humor and vitreous body in DR and normal group were detected by ELISA. Results The concentration of VEGF in plasma was (34.47plusmn;1.76) pg/ml in non-DR group, (53.93plusmn;3.08) pg/ml in single DR group, (53.36plusmn;3.28) pg/ml in proliferative DR group, and (178.30plusmn;10.13) pg/ml in control group. There was no significant difference in the normal and the experimental groups (P＜0.05). The concentration of VEGF in aqueous humor was (184.8plusmn;12.60) pg/ml in proliferative DR group and (90.06plusmn;8.32) pg/ml in the control group, and there was significant difference between them (P＜0.05). The concentration of VEGF in vitreous body was (741.70plusmn;92.02) pg/ml in proliferative DR group and (94.38plusmn;21.21) pg/ml in the control group, and there was significantdifference between them (P＜0.05). There was no correlation of VEGF concentration in plasma and that in aqueous humor and vitreous respectively(P＞0.05), and positive correlation of VEGF concentration was found in vitreous body and HbA1c (r=0.9067,P＜0.01). Conclusions Concentration of VEGF in plasma in patients with DR is lower than that in the normal persons,but not correlated with the concentration of VEGF in aqueous humor and vitreousbody. The concentration of VEGF in aqueous humor and vitreous body increase in patients with proliferative DR, and the increase in vitreous body and the value of HbA1c of the patients correlate. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis，2004，20：343-345)
Objective To review the distribution and shifting trends of cultured bacteria from the aqueous humor and the vitreous body. Methods A retrospective analysis on distribution of Gram′s stain, the distribution and change of isolates was performed in 522 specimens (aqueous humor,261 and vitreous body,261) of patients with suspected endophthalmitis during a 10-year period (1989-1998). Results The positive cultures were 119 (aqueous humor,44 and vitreous body,75) of 522 specimens. The average positive rate was 22.8%. Gram-positive cocci constituting 45.4%(54) of total isolates followed by Gram-negative bacilli,34.5%(41);Gram-positive bacilli, 20.2%(24). In the positive bacterial cultures, enterobacteriaceae was the most common isolate, 18.5%, and the next was micrococcus, 16.0%; coagulase-negative staphylococcus,12.6%; and pseudomonas,10.9%.Comparing the data from 1989 through 1993 with the data from 1994 through 1998, the frequency of Gram-positive cocci had no significant change, while the frequency of Gram-positive bacilli was decreased and the percentage of Gram′s-negative bacilli was increased. Conclusions Gram-positive cocci and Gram-negative bacilli are the predominant pathogens of bacterial endophthalmitis. The percentage of Gram′s-negative bacilli has increased for 5 years. It is very important to comprehend the distribution and shifting trends of these pathogenic bacteria for diagnosis, prevention and treatment of bacterial endophthalmitis. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2002, 18: 104-105)
Objective To observe the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) in aqueous humor of patients with macular edema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). Methods Forty eyes of 40 consecutive patients with macular edema secondary to CRVO (CRVO group) were enrolled in this study. The patients included 25 males and 15 females. The patient age ranged from 38 to 76 years. The control group was 20 patients with senile cataract who underwent phacoemulsification, including 10 males and 10 females. The levels of VEGF165, VEGF165b, IL-6 and MCP-1 in aqueous humor were determined by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay. The correlation of VEGF, and IL-6, and MCP-1 were analyzed. Results The median aqueous level of VEGF165, IL-6 and MCP-1 were 1089.0, 165.6, 1253.0 pg/ml respectively in CRVO group, which were higher than the control group's results (168.2, 4.7, 216.4 pg/ml respectively), the differences were statistically significant (Z=-4.549, -6.008, -5.343;P＜0.001). The VEGF165b in CRVO group and control group were 834.0, 915.9 pg/ml respectively, the difference was not statistically significant (Z=-0.207，P＞0.05). The ratio of VEGF165b to VEGF165 in CRVO group and control group were 2.71, 7.28 respectively, the difference was statistically significant (t=-3.007，P＜0.05). There was a highly positive correlation between IL-6 and VEGF in CRVO group (r=0.526,P=0.001) and also mild positive correlation in control group (r=0.425，P=0.070). No correlation between MCP-1 and VEGF was observed in both groups (CRVO group: r=0.211,P＞0.05. Control group: r=-0.019,P＞0.05). Conclusions VEGF165, IL-6 and MCP-1 levels were increased in CRVO patients while the VEGF165b was normal. The ratio between VEGF165b and VEGF165 in aqueous humor of patients with macular edema secondary to CRVO was decreased.
ObjectiveTo study the changes the changes of cytokine expression the aqueous humor of patients with macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO-ME) before and after intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR). MethodsA prospective clinical study. From June 2018 to June 2021, 31 eyes of 31 patients with non-ischemic BRVO-ME diagnosed by ophthalmic examination in Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Hepingli Hospital were included in the study. Among them, 15 males had 15 eyes, and 16 females had 16 eyes. Age was 70 (65, 72) years; the course of disease was 10 (9, 15) days. All of them were first-time patients. All eyes were treated with IVR once a month for 3 consecutive months. At the end of each IVR treatment, 0.1 ml aqueous humor was extracted immediately. The concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin-6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in aqueous humor were detected by flow cytometry. The concentrations of cytokines in aqueous humor before and after treatment were compared by Kruskal-Wallis or Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Spearman correlation analysis was performed on the correlation between VEGF and MCP-1 expression level in aqueous humor before treatment. ResultsThe concentrations of VEGF and ICAM-1 in aqueous humor were significantly lower at 1 month after treatment compared with that before treatment, and at 2 months after treatment compared with that at 1 month after treatment (Z=4.03, 3.25, 2.50, 3.48; P＜0.05); the concentrations of IL-6 and VCAM-1 increased and the concentration of MCP-1 decreased, but there was no significant difference (Z=－0.21, 1.42, 0.86, －0.53, 0.92, －1.57; P＞0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that there was a strong positive correlation between VEGF and MCP-1 in aqueous humor before treatment (r=0.78, P＜0.001). ConclusionThe concentrations of VEGF and ICAM-1 in aqueous humor significantly decrease after IVR treatment in BRVO-ME; the concentrations of IL-6, MCP-1 and VCAM-1 do not obviously change.
At present, there are few in vivo experimental studies on anterior chamber flow field, and the relevant technologies are not mature. This study explores the experimental method and key techniques of particle image velocimetry (PIV) for the in vivo measurement of anterior chamber flow field with slow flow velocity in the rabbit with acute intraocular hypertension. The experimental process can be divided into three parts: model construction of rabbit eye with acute intraocular hypertension, in vivo eyeball preparation, and PIV setup. The following key techniques were mainly investigated: the optimal injection strategy of fluorescent particles and the correction strategy for image acquisition errors caused by the effects of image refraction and respiration. The results showed that the best injection method was that 15 μL of fluorescent particles solution was slowly injected into the anterior chamber through the lower part of iris and then the rabbit was released and waited for 13 h. In this way particles were completely distributed in the anterior chamber with the help of the aqueous humor circulation, and then in vivo PIV experiment could be performed. The eyeball should be covered with a square flume filled with ultrasonic coupling gel for the sake of imaging during the experiment. The Maximal Information Coefficient algorithm could be applied to correct the measured results before post-processing calculation. The results indicated that feasible injection strategy of fluorescent particles and the correction strategy for image acquisition are critical to obtain nice experiment effects for the in vivo PIV measurement of anterior chamber flow field in the rabbit with acute intraocular hypertension.
Objective To detect the levels of vascular endoth elial growth factor (VEGF) in aqueous humor and vitreous of patients with neovascular glaucoma (NVG) and infer their possible effect on the development of neovascularization of iris. Methods The concentration of VEGF in 22 samples of ocular fluid of aqueous humor and vitreous respectively obtained from 11 patients with NVG undergone intraocular surgery were measured by using enzyme linked immunosobent assay (ELISA) for quantitative analysis. As control, 12 samples of ocular fluid of 6 patients with macular hole were detected by the same methods. Results The mean [AKx-]plusmn;s VEGF concentrations in aqueous humor and vitreous from patients with NVG were [(1.451plusmn;0.247)、(1.610plusmn;0.125) ng/ml] higher than those in the cotrol group [(0.189plusmn;0.038)、(0.201plusmn;0.055) ng/ml], there was a significant difference between the two groups statistically (t=12.007，Plt;0001；t=26.0 57，Plt;0.001). Conclusion The patients with NVG have significantly increased level of VEGF in ocular fluid, and VEGF might fill the role in mediating active iris neovascularization. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2001,17:305-306)
A set of device for the in vivo measurement of the pressure difference between the anterior and the posterior chambers (PDAP) was designed to investigate the temporal varying rules of PDAP in the anterior segment of rabbit eyes. A platform was established for the in vivo measurement of PDPA according to the mechanism of joint implement. Rabbit models with high intraocular pressure (IOP) were constructed by means of injecting Carbomer into anterior chamber to increase IOP. The in vivo 24 hours continuous measurements of PDAP were performed for normal rabbit eye and eye with high IOP. The developed device could sensitively response to the small pressure difference in eye. The pressure difference in the normal rabbit eye varied with time, and the variation range during a whole day was 5.84–96.84 Pa which reflected the existence of physiological rule. For the rabbit eye with high IOP, pressure in anterior chamber was higher than that in posterior chamber which was in consistence with the theory of self-adaptation adjustment. The present study indicates that the approaches and device designed in this paper can well implement the measurement of PDAP as well as the temporal varying rules of PDAP in the anterior segment during a whole day.
Objective To detect the changes of function of blood-aqueous barrier in different Syndrome stages of patients with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) syndrome in order to provide the appropriate therapy. Methods According to clinical manifestation, 77 patients (144 eyes) with VKH syndrome were divided into 4 groups: 10 cases in posterior uvietis stage group (20 eyes), 27 in anterior uveal involvement stage group (50 eyes), 23 in recurrent anterior uvitis stage group (41 eyes), and 17 in convalescent stage group (33 eyes). The other 50 cases (100 eyes) were in the control group. Flare and cells of anterior chamber in patient with VKH Syndrome at different stages were graded and measured by laser flare and cell meter (LFCM) and slitlamp microscope. Results According to the results of slitlamp biomicroscopy, anterior chamber flare and cells were at the 0 grade in the patients at posterior uvietis stage (20 eyes). The results of LFCM examination revealed that the flare value and cells were (9.7±3.4) pc/ms and (0.9±0.6)/0.5 mm3 in posterior uvietis stage group, and (5.3±2.3) pc/ms and (0.8±0.6)/0.5 mm3 in the control group. The differences between the two groups were significant (Plt;0.001) and insignificant (P=0.899), respectively. In anterior uveal involvement stage group, the cells in anterior chamber was at grade 1+ in 25 eyes, 2+ in 19, and 3+ in 6, respectively, while the flare was at grade 1+in 27 eyes and 2+ in 23; the number of cells in anterior chamber was (13.7±6.5)/0.5 mm3，(40.8±17.6)/0.5 mm3, and (75.7±25.5)/ 0.5 mm3 respectively, and the value of flare was (31.4±12.8) pc/ms and (133.4±59.5) pc/ms. In recurrent anterior uvitis stage group, the cells in anterior chamber was at grade 1+ in 19 eyes, 2+ in 15, and 3+ in 7, respectively, while the flare was at grade 1+ in 24 eyes and 2+ in 17; the number of cells in anterior chamber was (11.2±5.4)/0.5 mm3，(29.6±14.4 )/0.5 mm3,and (69.3±22.2)/0.5 mm3, respectively, and the value of flare was (34.94±14.3) pc/ms and (150.9±83.3) pc/ms. The flare and cells in anterior chamber both in anterior uveal involvement stage and recurrent anterior uvitis stage group were higher than that in the control group (Plt;0.001). In convalescent stage group, the cells was at grade 0 in 33 eyes and the flare was at grade 0 in 15 eyes and 1+ in 18; while the number of cells was (1.0±0.7)/0.5 mm3 which was insignificantly differed from that in the control group (P=0.310), and the value of flare was (9.5±4.8) pc/ms and (30.0±12.3) pc/ms which were both higher than that in the control group (Plt;0.001). Conclusions The breakdown of blood-aqueous barrier with different degrees occurs at each stage in VKH syndrome, whereas inflammatory cells appearing in anterior chamber are only noted at some certain stages. This is very significant to offer directional and effective treatment to the patients with VKH syndrome. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2005, 21: 363-366)