Objective To systematically analyze the relevant research on the application of preoperative exercise training in the pre-rehabilitation of elderly hip fracture patients, identify the specific content, outcome indicators, and application effects of exercise intervention, in order to provide reference for medical staff to carry out relevant interventions. Methods Computer searches were conducted on domestic and foreign databases such as China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, China Biomedical Literature Database, VIP, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science. The search period was from the establishment of the database to January 2024. The scoping review method was used to screen, summarize, and analyze the included studies. ResultsA total of 10 studies were included, including 3 randomized controlled trial, 1 quasi experimental study, 5 retrospective studies and 1 case report. Preoperative exercise preparation includes completing relevant examinations and providing sufficient pain relief. The types of exercise include adaptive training, resistance training, and aerobic exercise. Monitor the patient’s symptoms, signs, and adverse reactions throughout the exercise process. Outcome measures include physical activity and function, pain, average length of hospital stay, and perioperative complications. Conclusions Preoperative exercise training has a positive effect on elderly patients with hip fracture. Elderly patients with hip fracture should be well prepared for preoperative exercise, based on adaptive training, with resistance exercise as the main focus, while monitoring the patient’s physical signs and adverse events during exercise.
Objective To develop an innovative recognition algorithm that aids physicians in the identification of pulmonary nodules. MethodsPatients with pulmonary nodules who underwent thoracoscopic surgery at the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School in December 2023, were enrolled in the study. Chest surface exploration data were collected at a rate of 60 frames per second and a resolution of 1 920×1 080. Frame images were saved at regular intervals for subsequent block processing. An algorithm database for lung nodule recognition was developed using the collected data. ResultsA total of 16 patients were enrolled, including 9 males and 7 females, with an average age of (54.9±14.9) years. In the optimized multi-topology convolutional network model, the test results demonstrated an accuracy rate of 94.39% for recognition tasks. Furthermore, the integration of micro-variation amplification technology into the convolutional network model enhanced the accuracy of lung nodule identification to 96.90%. A comprehensive evaluation of the performance of these two models yielded an overall recognition accuracy of 95.59%. Based on these findings, we conclude that the proposed network model is well-suited for the task of lung nodule recognition, with the convolutional network incorporating micro-variation amplification technology exhibiting superior accuracy. Conclusion Compared to traditional methods, our proposed technique significantly enhances the accuracy of lung nodule identification and localization, aiding surgeons in locating lung nodules during thoracoscopic surgery.
Partial or complete blockage of the bile outflow tract by extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma often leads to jaundice, which not only causes skin itching in patients, but also destroys the body environment through a series of pathophysiological processes, reduces the surgical tolerance of patients with resectable tumors, and affects the prognosis. Preoperative jaundice reduction can reduce jaundice and relieve biliary obstruction, but the various complications that follow will also adversely affect the treatment. This article elaborates on the disadvantages of different methods for jaundice reduction, the indications for preoperative jaundice reduction, the jaundice reduction options for different types of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, the complications and treatment methods of preoperative jaundice reduction for extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, aiming to provide a reference for clinicians, so that patients can better benefit from preoperative jaundice reduction.
Pulmonary rehabilitation therapy is gaining more attention. The recent systematic review of domestic and foreign relevant literature indicates pre-operative pulmonary rehabilitation exercise training performs an important role in per-operative period. The rehabilitation therapy can efficiently improve exercise tolerance and quality of life of patients with lung cancer, reduce post-operative complications, shorten hospitalization time, and increase opportunity of operation. However, the evidence comes from small samples reported by present clinical study, and a standard treatment guideline of pulmonary rehabilitation has not been established until now. Further researches are expected to provide demonstration and promote pulmonary rehabilitation. It is an important part of comprehensive treatment of lung cancer. The therapy will benefit more patients suffering from lung cancer.
Objective To probe CT grading criteria of vascular invasion in pancreatic cancer. Methods Retrieved articles in CNKI and PubMed about value of CT in preoperative assessment of vascular invasion in pancreatic cancer last ten years. Results Multislice helical CT is considered the best imaging method to assess the invaded peripancreatic vessels in pancreatic cancer. There are different CT criteria of vascular invasion in pancreatic cancer based on extension of hypodense tumor and its relation to blood vessels, on the degree of circumferential contiguity of tumor to vessel, on the degree of lumen stenosis, and on the degree of contiguity between tumor and vessels combined vascular caliber. Conclusion CT grading criteria are not uniform, each one has defects.