Objective To review the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis infection after total knee arthro-plasty (TKA). Methods The recent literature concerning the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis infection after TKA were extensively reviewed and summarized. Results The diagnosis of tuberculosis infection after TKA is difficult. It should be combined with the patient’s medical history, symptoms, signs, blood examinations, and imaging examinations, among which the bacterial culture and histopathological examination are the gold standard of diagnosis. Treatment strategy is combined with the drug treatment and a variety of surgical procedures that depends on the clinical situation. Conclusion At present, there is no guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis infection after TKA, it still needs further study and improvement.
Objective To develope a modified surgical lavage tube to improve the efficacy of the treatment of orthopaedic postoperative infection. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 126 patients who received the pulsed lavage therapy with side-hole double valve lavage tube between March 2005 and March 2010. There were 98 males and28 females, aged 19-63 years (mean, 35 years). The infected sites included femur in 61 cases, tibiofibula in 46 cases, humerus in 12 cases, and patella in 7 cases. The lavage tube obstruction and defluvium, secondary infection of drainage opening, and wound heal ing were observed during treatment. Results No lavage tube defluvium occured during the lavage in all cases. Lavage tube obstruction occurred in 68 cases, edema at the peri pheral tissue was caused by obstruction in 9 cases; secondary infection at the lavage and drainage opening in 10 cases, which were cured after corresponding treatment. All cases achieved wound healing by first intention within 2 weeks. Lavage tube and drainage opening were closed within 1 month. All patients were followed up 1-5 years (mean, 18 months) with no recurrence. Conclusion Pulsed lavage therapy with side-hole double valve lavage tube can obviously improve the efficacy of the treatment of orthopaedic postoperative infection, so it is an effective modification to convention lavage.
Organ transplantation is a critical treatment for end-stage organ diseases, yet postoperative infections significantly affect patient outcomes. Traditional diagnostic methods for infections often fall short in meeting the demands of precise prevention and treatment due to limitations in sensitivity, specificity, and speed. Targeted nanopore pathogen sequencing technology, characterized by its long-read capability, real-time detection, and adaptability, has shown unique potential in pathogen identification, structural variation analysis, and antimicrobial resistance gene profiling. This offers new insights into the prevention and management of postoperative infections. This expert consensus focuses on the standardized application of this technology in managing infections following organ transplantation, addressing its principles, clinical recommendations, and diagnostic workflows. By exploring its features and value in infectious disease diagnosis, the expert consensus provides standardized guidance on sample processing and result interpretation. The development of this consensus aims to promote the rational use of nanopore sequencing in diagnosing and treating post-transplant infections, enhance diagnostic accuracy and efficiency, improve patient outcomes, and facilitate the widespread adoption of this technology.
Objective To systematically review the effects of enteral immunonutrition (EIN) on postoperative infection and the length of hospital stay in patients with gastrointestinal cancer after surgery, in order to provide high quality evidence for the rational perioperation nutrition plan for patients with malignant gastrointestinal tumor. Methods Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in English about application of EIN vs. general treatment for gastrointestinal surgery published from Jan. 1st, 1997 to Oct. 31st 2012 were retrieved in the following databases: PubMed, Ovid, and EMbase. References of the included studies were also retrieved. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, two reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data, and evaluated the methodological quality. Then, meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.2 software. Results 19 RCTs involving 2 298 patients were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that: there was no significant difference between the postoperative EIN group and the control group in reducing the risk of postoperative infection (OR=0.91, 95%CI 0.56 to 1.47, P=0.70); But postoperative and perioperative EIN had reduced the risk of postoperative infection with a significant difference (OR=0.57, 95%CI 0.39 to 0.82, P=0.002; OR=0.52, 95%CI 0.35 to 0.76, P=0.000 9). Additionally, the results of sensitivity analysis revealed that: no matter when EIN was used (during preoperative, postoperative, or perioperative periods), it reduced the length of postoperative hospital stay with significant differences, compared to the standard nutrition group (OR= −2.39, 95%CI −3.28 to −1.49, Plt;0.000 01; OR= −2.42, 95%CI −4.07 to −0.78, P=0.004; OR= −2.76, 95%CI −3.46 to −2.06, Plt;0.000 01). Conclusion Current evidence shows that perioperative EIN can decrease postoperative infection and reduce the length of hospital stay of patients with malignant gastrointestinal tumor. Due to the limited quantity and quality of the included studies, high quality RCTs are needed to verify the above conclusion.
ObjectiveTo explore the natural changes of procalcitonin (PCT) in the early period after pediatric cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).MethodsA prospective and observational study was done on patients below 3 years of age, who underwent cardiac surgery involving CPB, with the risk adjustment of congenital heart surgery (RACHS) score of 2 to 5 and free from active preoperative infection or inflammatory disease. Blood samples for measurement of PCT, C-reactive protein (CRP) and white blood cell (WBC) were taken before surgery and daily for 7 days in postoperative period. Infections and complications within 7 days after operation were investigated. According to the presence or absence of infection and complications within 7 days after operation, the enrolled children were divided into an infection+complications group, a simple infection group, a simple complication group, and a normal group.Results Finally, 429 children with PICU stay≥ 4 days were enrolled, including 268 males and 161 females, with a median age of 8.0 (0.7, 26.0) months. There were 145 children in the simple infection group, 38 children in the simple complication group, 230 children in the normal group and 16 children in the infection+complications group. The levels of PCT, CRP and WBC were significantly higher after CPB. CRP and WBC peaked on the second postoperative day (POD) and remained higher than normal until POD7. PCT peaked on POD1 and would generally decrease to normal on POD5 if without infection and complications. Age, body weight, RACHS scores, the duration of CPB and aortic cross-clamping time were correlated with PCT level. There was a statistical difference in PCT concentration between the simple infection group and the normal group on POD 3-7 (P<0.01) and a statistical difference between the simple complication group and the normal group on POD 1-7 (P<0.01). A statistical difference was found between the simple infection group and the simple complication group in PCT on POD 1-5 (P<0.05).ConclusionWBC, CRP and PCT significantly increase after CPB in pediatric cardiac surgery patients. The factors influencing PCT concentration include age, weight, RACHS scores, CPB and aortic cross-clamping time, infection and complications.
Objective To explore the application of combined optimized machine learning algorithm for predicting the risk model of postoperative infectious complications of gastric cancer and to compare the accuracy with other algorithms, so as to find reliable biomarkers for early diagnosis of postoperative infection of gastric cancer. Methods The clinical data of 420 patients with gastric cancer at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from May 2018 to April 2023 were retrospectively analyzed and the patients were randomly divided into training set and validation set. Univariate analysis was used to determine the risk factors of postoperative infectious complications. Six conventional machine learning models are constructed using the training set: linear regression, random forest, SVM, BP, LGBM, XGBoost, and MGA-XGBoost model. The validation set was used to evaluate the seven models through evaluation indicators such as ACC, precision, ROC and AUC. Results Postoperative infectious complications were significantly correlated with age, operation time, diabetes, extent of resection, combined resection, stage, preoperative albumin, perioperative blood transfusion, preoperative PNI, LCR and LMR. Among the seven machine learning models, the MGA-XGBoost model performed best. Among the seven machine learning models, the MGA-XGBoost model performed best, with AUC of 0.936, ACC of 0.889, recall of 0.6, F1-score of 0.682, and precision of 0.79 on the validation set. Diabetes had the greatest influence on the internal structure of the model. Conclusion This study proves that the MGA-XGBoost model incorporating comprehensive inflammation indicators can predict postoperative infectious complications in patients with gastric cancer.
Objective To compare the clinical effectiveness of different skin closure techniques in stoma reversal using network meta-analysis. Methods CNKI, WanFang Data, VIP, CBM, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched until February 1, 2021, and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing outcomes between different skin closure techniques were included. Data were processed using Stata MP16.0 and R 3.6.1. Results The results demonstrated that 16 RCTs (n=2 139) were eligible for pooling. Six types of skin closure techniques were used: linear closure, purse-string closure, gunsight closure, linear closure and drainage, purse-string closure and drainage, and linear closure and biological mesh. Network meta-analysis indicated that the incidence of postoperative infection with linear closure was higher than that with purse-string closure [RR=6.04, 95%CI (3.11, 16.89), P<0.0001], gunsight closure [RR=10.75, 95%CI (1.12, 152.12), P=0.04], and linear closure and drainage [RR=3.18, 95%CI (1.24, 10.20), P=0.03]. The purse-string closure was superior to linear closure and biological mesh [RR=0.15, 95%CI (0.01, 0.88), P=0.03] in reducing postoperative infection. The length of hospital stay after linear suture was longer than that after linear suture and drainage [MD=1.16, 95%CI (0.29, 2.20), P=0.02]. Conclusions This network meta-analysis suggests that purse-string closure and gunsight closure might be best for reducing postoperative infection, and the addition of drainage could not further reduce the incidence of postoperative infection. In addition, implantation of the biological mesh does not increase the risk of postoperative infection. However, a large-scale RCT is warranted to confirm the results.
ObjectiveTo assess whether pre-operative use of infliximab (IFX) will increase the risk of post-operative infectious complications in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). MethodsPubmed, Web of Science, CBM, CNKI and Wanfang database were searched for all the trials that investigated the effects of infliximab on postoperative infectious complication rates in patients with IBD between January 1990 and April 2013. Two reviewers independently screened the literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracted data and assessed the quality of the included studies. Then, meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.1 software. ResultsTotally, 14 cohort studies were finally included in the review. There was no significant difference on infectious complications [RR=0.99, 95%CI (0.47, 2.07), P=0.97] between IFX groups and control groups with ulcerative colitis. The same results were found in patients with Crohn's disease on infectious complications [RR=1.32, 95%CI (0.87, 1.98), P=0.19]. ConclusionPre-operative infliximab use is safe and does not increase the risk of post-operative infectious complications in patients with IBD.
Objective To explore the effectiveness of plasma-mediated bipolar radiofrequency ablation debridement (Coblation debridement) in treatment with retention of internal fixation for early postoperative infection of fractures of extremities. Methods Between January 2012 and May 2015, 16 patients (12 males and 4 females) with early postoperative infection of internal fixation for extremity fracture were treated, with an average age of 41.6 years (range, 19-61 years). The fractures included tibia and fibula fracture in 5 cases, femoral fractures in 5 cases, distal humeral fractures in 3 cases, ulna and radius fractures in 2 cases, and patellar fracture in 1 case. Two cases were open fractures and 14 cases were closed fractures. All fractures were fixed non-intramedullarily. Postoperative infection occurred at 5-10 days (mean, 7 days) after operation, with bacteria cultured from wound secretion in all cases. Type EIC5872 70 Coblation knife and Coblator Ⅱ plasma surgery system were conducted to debride the foci of infection in ablating pattern with sterile saline used as the conductive fluid and the magnitude of power from 6 to 9. After pulse irrigating with sterile saline, irrigating tube and draining tube were placed beside the fixation. Postoperative continuous irrigation and drainage and systemic antibiotic therapy would be conducted. The effectiveness was evaluated by bone infection effectiveness evaluation criteria. Results All the 16 patients were followed up 12-36 months (mean, 15 months) after operation. All the infected wounds were cured and healed by first intention without recurrence in all the patients, and the fracture healing time was 3-7 months (mean, 4.8 months) without limb dysfunction or nonunion. Internal fixation was removed at 1-2 years after operation in 4 cases, whom with good fracture healing and without recurrence of infection after operation. Conclusion The effectiveness of Coblation debridement in treatment with retention of internal fixation for early postoperative infection of extremity fractures are satisfactory, which can avoid the second stage operation, infectious nonunion, and osteomyelitis.