ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of inhibiting autotaxin (ATX)-lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) pathway on the cartilage of knee osteoarthritis in rats.MethodsPrimary chondrocytes within three generations of Sprague-Dawley rats (8 weeks old, male) were randomly divided into 6 groups, including blank control group, model group, 1 μmol/L PF-8380 group, 10 μmol/L PF-8380 group, 1 μmol/L Ki16425 group, and 10 μmol/L Ki16425 group. Except for the blank control group, the other groups were modeled with osteoarthritis using interleukin-1β (10 ng/mL, 24 h), and then the experimental groups, i.e., 1 μmol/L PF-8380 group, 10 μmol/L PF-8380 group, 1 μmol/L Ki16425 group, and 10 μmol/L Ki16425 group, were intervened with 1, 10 μmol/L PF-8380 (ATX inhibitor) and 1, 10 μmol/L Ki16425 (LPA receptor antagonist) for 24 h, respectively. immunocytochemistry staining was used to determine the expression of type Ⅱ collagen (Col Ⅱ) in cytoplasm, and Western Blot was used to determine the expression of ATX, LPA, and matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) in chondrocytes.ResultsCompared with the blank control group, the average absorbance of Col Ⅱ in chondrocytes in the model group was significantly reduced (0.003 9±0.000 8 vs. 0.110 0± 0.009 0, P<0.05). The expression levels of ATX, LPA, and MMP-13 in chondrocytes in the model group, 1 μmol/L PF-8380 group, 10 μmol/L PF-8380 group, and 1 μmol/L Ki16425 group were significantly higher than those in the blank control group, while the expression levels of ATX, LPA, and MMP-13 in the 10 μmol/L Ki16425 group had no significant difference with those in the blank control group; the expression levels of ATX, LPA, and MMP-13 in the model group, 10 μmol/L PF-8380 group, and 1 μmol/L PF-8380 group decreased in order; the expression levels of ATX, LPA, and MMP-13 in the model group, 1 μmol/L Ki16425 group, and 10 μmol/L Ki16425 group decreased in order.ConclusionInhibiting ATX-LPA pathway may inhibit the up-regulation of MMP-13 levels in articular cartilage of osteoarthritis in rats to reduce the damage of cartilage.
ObjectiveTo study the clinical effect of silver dressing combined with foam dressing in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. MethodsSixty patients with diabetic foot ulcer treated between January 2014 and January 2015 were selected to be randomly divided into experimental group (n=30) and control group (n=30). Patients in the experimental group (n=30) were treated with silver dressing combined with foam dressing which was changed every other day, while patients in the control group (n=30) were treated with 0.1% rivanol gauze and dressing was changed every day. The clinical effcacy of the two groups were compared and analyzed, and the wound closure index and recurrence rate were also analyzed. ResultsThe total effective rate of the experimental group was 96.7%, which was significantly higher than that of the control group (80.0%) (P<0.05), and the wound closure indexes of the experimental group on day 21 [(81.87±4.81)%] and day 28 [(97.28±3.11)%] after the beginning of treatment was significantly higher than those of the control group [(64.06±3.03)%, (86.93±6.11)%] (P<0.05), and the recurrence rate within half a year after treatment of the experimental group was 13.0%, significantly lower than that of the control group (40.0%) (χ2=4.083, P=0.043). ConclusionCompared with traditional wound treatment, silver dressing combined with foam dressing in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers has advantages with better curative effect, less pain and lower recurrence rate. It is worth clinical promoting.
Objective To systematically review the relationship between obesity and the incidence of digestive system cancers. Methods The PubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library, CNKI and WanFang Data databases were electronically searched to collect cohort studies on the relationship between obesity and digestive system cancers from January 1st, 2001 to October 31st, 2021. Two reviewers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies. Meta-analysis was then performed by using RevMan 5.4 software. Results A total of 16 cohort studies were included. The results of meta-analysis revealed that compared with normal weight, obesity increased the incidence rate of various cancers of the digestive system, including colorectal cancer (RR=1.25, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.39, P<0.000 1), liver cancer (RR=1.65, 95%CI 1.41 to 1.92, P<0.000 01), pancreatic cancer (RR=1.34, 95%CI 1.19 to 1.51, P<0.000 01), gastric cancer (RR=1.09, 95%CI 1.05 to 1.14, P<0.000 1), and esophageal cancer (RR=2.39, 95%CI 1.98 to 2.89, P<0.000 01). Conclusion The current evidence indicates that obesity can increase the incidence rate of digestive system cancers. Due to the limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more high-quality studies are needed to verify the above conclusion.
ObjectiveTo construct a scientific, standardized, and consistent nursing service quality evaluation system for hemodialysis centers, and to provide scientific basis for the evaluation, improvement, and promotion of nursing service quality in hemodialysis centers.MethodsFrom October to December 2018, based on the Servqual model, combined with the particularity of hemodialysis center and relevant national policies and regulations, the indexes of nursing service quality were determined by Delphi method and precedence chart method, and the nursing service quality evaluation scale of hemodialysis center was established.ResultsThe established nursing service quality evaluation system for hemodialysis center was consisted of 7 items of first-level, 15 items of second-level, and 38 items of third-level. The effective recovery rate of expert letters was 93.75%, and the expert authority coefficient was 0.914. The Kendall coordination coefficients for the three levels of indicators were 0.570, 0.583, and 0.496 (P<0.01), and the variation coefficients for each level of indicators were between 0.000 and 0.179. Among the first-level indicators, the largest weight was security, and the smallest weight was effectiveness.ConclusionsThe evaluation system of nursing service quality for hemodialysis centers is scientific, reliable, and feasible. In view of the particularity of nursing service in hemodialysis centers, clear evaluation criteria are put forward, which can evaluate the service quality more comprehensively, scientifically, objectively, and directly, and improve and enhance the service level of hemodialysis centers according to the evaluation system.
Objective To analyze the incidence and mortality of liver cancer in China between 1992 and 2021, in order to provide data support for the prevention and treatment of liver cancer in the country. MethodsUsing the Global Burden of Disease (2021) database, we analyzed the trends and performed an age-period-cohort model analysis on the incidence and mortality of liver cancer by gender in China between 1992 and 2021. An autoregressive integrated moving average model was employed to forecast the age-standardized incidence and mortality rates of liver cancer in China from 2022 to 2030. ResultsCompared with 1992, the number of incident cases and deaths from liver cancer in China in 2021 increased significantly in the total population, males, and females. The percentage changes in the number of cases were 93.98% (101 400→196 700), 94.06% (74 100→143 800), and 93.41% (27 300→52 800), respectively. The corresponding percentage changes in the number of deaths were 75.25% (98 200→172 100), 72.29% (71 100→122 500), and 83.70% (27 000→49 600). The rate of change in incidence for the total population, males, and females in 2021 was 64.33% (8.41 per 100 000→13.82 per 100 000), 66.11% (11.89 per 100 000→19.75 per 100 000), and 62.61% (4.68 per 100 000→7.61 per 100 000), respectively; the rate of change in mortality was 48.53% (8.14 per 100 000→12.09 per 100 000), 47.41% (11.41 per 100 000→16.82 per 100 000), and 53.88% (4.64 per 100 000→7.14 per 100 000), respectively. The standardized incidence rates decreased compared to 1992, with changes of –9.16% (10.48 per 100 000→9.52 per 100 000), –4.14% (14.96 per 100 000→14.34 per 100 000), and –17.54% (5.93 per 100 000→4.89 per 100 000) for the total population, males, and females, respectively; the standardized mortality rates decreased by –20.32% (10.48 per 100 000→8.35 per 100 000), –16.61% (14.87 per 100 000→12.40 per 100 000), and –24.84% (6.08 per 100 000→4.57 per 100 000), respectively. The age effect showed significant variations in liver cancer risk with age, with the highest incidence risk in the 65–69 age group for the total population and females, and the 60–64 age group for males. The period effect overall showed an upward trend, with the most significant increase occurring from 2017 to 2021. The cohort effect indicated significant variations in liver cancer risk across different birth cohorts, with an overall increasing trend for the total population and females born between 1907 and 1981, and the most significant risk increase for males born between 1952 and 1956. The incidence and mortality risk for those born between 2017 and 2021 showed a significant downward trend. The prediction results indicated a continuous decline in liver cancer incidence and mortality rates for the total population, males, and females in China from 2022 to 2030. ConclusionsFrom 1992 to 2021, the incidence and mortality rates of liver cancer in China increased, while the standardized incidence and mortality rates showed a decreasing trend. Age, period, and cohort are significant factors influencing liver cancer. It is essential to further strengthen liver cancer prevention and control strategies and vaccine implementation.
目的 比较使用流式细胞仪355 nm和407 nm激光器激发Hochest33342检测细胞凋亡。 方法 通过ATO药物诱导急性早幼粒白血病细胞（NB4）及血清饥饿法诱导人肺癌细胞（NCl-H292）细胞凋亡，取24、48 h时间点收集细胞，进行Hoechst33342-碘化丙啶（PI）双染，分别在配置有两种激光器的流式细胞仪上检测细胞凋亡。 结果 细胞经处理后24 h，355 nm激光器检测NB4细胞凋亡率Hoechst33342+/PI-：（28.20 ± 4.80）%；NCl-H292细胞凋亡率Hoechst33342+/PI-：（22.47 ± 2.78）%。407 nm激光器检测NB4细胞凋亡率Hoechst33342+/PI-：（25.10 ± 6.19）%。NCl-H292细胞凋亡率Hoechst33342+/PI-：20.47 ± 1.46%。处理后48 h，355 nm激光器检测NB4细胞凋亡率Hoechst33342+/PI-：（33.60 ± 3.75）%。NCl-H292细胞凋亡率Hoechst33342+/PI-：（26.77 ± 1.16）%。407 nm激光器检测NB4细胞凋亡率Hoechst33342+/PI-：（29.47 ± 2.33）%。NCl-H292细胞凋亡率Hoechst33342+/PI-：（31.47 ± 3.05）%。两种细胞处理后比处理前凋亡率明显升高，但355 nm激光器与407 nm激光器检测的凋亡结果差异不明显（P＞0.05）。 结论 407 nm激光器激发Hoechst33342可检测细胞凋亡。
Objective To investigate the effect of peptidoglycan (PGN) on the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines by dendritic cells (DCs) and the regulation of T helper 17 (Th17) responses in experimental autoimmune uveitis. Methods Bone marrow cells from naive mice were cultured with granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor and interleukin (IL)-4 to induce DCs. DCs cultured for six days were randomly divided into two groups: PGNtreated group and control group. The DCs in PGNtreated group were stimulated with PGN and the same volume of phosphate buffered saline was added to the DCs as control group. The relative mRNA expression levels of IL-23, tumor necrotic factor alpha; (TNF-alpha;), IL-6,IL-1beta;were measured by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Peptide fragment of interphotoreceptor retinoidbinding protein (IRBP1-20)specific T cells, which were isolated from the spleen and draining lymph nodes of C57BL/6 mice immunized with IRBP1-20 peptide fragments 13 days earlier, were co-cultured with PGN-treated or untreated DCs, respectively. Total RNA from T cells cocultured for two days were isolated and the relative expression of retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor gamma;t (ROR-gamma;t), IL-17, T-box expression in T cells (T-bet), interferon gamma; (IFN-gamma;) mRNA were detected by realtime RT-PCR. On the second, the fifth and the seventh day, the cocultured T cells were analyzed by flow cytometry to detect the percentages of IFN-gamma;, IL-17 positive cells. Results The real-time RT-PCR results revealed that the level of IL-23, IL-1beta;, IL-6, TNF-alpha; mRNA from PGNstimulated DCs were significantly increased compared to the control group (t=-14.363, -5.627, -3.85, -28.151; P＜0.05). The level of RORgamma;t, IL-17 mRNA from the T cells cocultured with PGN-stimulated DCs were greatly increased compared with the control group (t=-5.601, -19.76；P＜0.05). However, the level of T-bet, IFN-gamma; mRNA from the T cells cocultured with PGNstimulated DCs were significantly decreased compared with the control group (t=4.717, 11.207; P＜0.05). Data of flow cytometry showed that at two days, five days, seven days after cocultured with PGN-treated DCs, the percentages of IL-17 positive T cells were increased compared to the control group (t=-2.944, -3.03, -4.81; P＜0.05), and the percentages of IFN-gamma; positive T cells had no remarkable change (t=-1.25, -0.18, -2.16; P＞0.05). Conclusion PGN can promote the secretion of Th17-related cytokines by DCs, which favors proliferation and differentiation of Th17 in experimental autoimmune uveitis.
ObjectiveTo explore the key points and difficulties of intraoperative frozen section diagnosis of pulmonary diseases. MethodsThe intraoperative frozen section and postoperative paraffin section results of pulmonary nodule patients in Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2021 to January 2022 were collected. The main causes of misdiagnosis in frozen section diagnosis were analyzed, and the main points of diagnosis and differential diagnosis were summarized. ResultsAccording to the inclusion criteria, a total of 1 263 frozen section diagnosis results of 1 178 patients were included in the study, including 475 males and 703 females, with an average age of 58.7 (23-86) years. In 1 263 frozen section diagnosis results, the correct diagnosis rate was 95.65%, and the misdiagnosis rate was 4.35%. There were 55 misdiagnoses, including 18 (3.44%) invasive adenocarcinoma, 17 (5.82%) adenocarcinoma in situ, 7 (35.00%) mucinous adenocarcinoma, 4 (2.09%) minimally invasive adenocarcinoma, 3 (100.00%) IgG4 related diseases, 2 (66.67%) mucinous adenocarcinoma in situ, 1 (16.67%) atypical adenomatous hyperplasia, 1 (14.29%) sclerosing pulmonary cell tumor, 1 (33.33%) bronchiolar adenoma, and 1 (100.00%) papillary adenoma. ConclusionIntraoperative frozen section diagnosis still has its limitations. Clinicians need to make a comprehensive judgment based on imaging examination and clinical experience.
ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of pedicled skin flap of foreskin for phalloplasty and Sugita surgical method in the treatment of complete concealed penis.MethodsThe clinical data of 46 children with complete concealed penis between January 2016 and January 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. Among which, 25 cases were treated with pedicled skin flap of foreskin for phalloplasty (group A) and 21 cases were treated with Sugita surgical method (group B) with an average age of 4.7 years (range, 2 years and 8 months to 11 years). At 3 months after operation, the concealed penis recovery was scored from three aspects of postoperative penis length (the difference of the penis length between at 3 months after operation and before operation), penis appearance, and skin appearance (the total score was 10). And the parents evaluation of satisfaction degree of penis exposure, penis appearance, and foreskin appearance after surgical correction was collected.ResultsEighteen cases (72.0%) in group A and 15 cases (71.4%) in group B were followed up with an average of 13 months (range, 3-36 months). The incisions healed well in both groups, and there was no flap dehiscence, infection, necrosis, and penile erectile dysfunction. The penile length of the two groups increased significantly at 3 months after operation (P<0.05); there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of penis length and increased length at 3 months after operation and score of increase penis length after operation (P>0.05). No penile retraction occurred in the two groups. And there was no significant difference between the two groups in penis appearance score, but the penis appearance score, skin appearance score, and total score of group A were significantly better than those of group B (P<0.05). At 3 months after operation, the satisfaction rate of penis exposure in group A and group B was 88.9% and 80.0%, respectively, with no significant difference (χ2=0.50, P=0.48); the satisfaction rate of penis appearance was 72.2% and 53.3%, and the satisfaction rate of foreskin appearance was 94.4% and 53.3%, respectively, and the differences were significant (χ2=5.13, P=0.03; χ2=7.53, P=0.01).ConclusionBoth surgical methods are suitable for correction of complete concealed penis, and the penile length gets a satisfactory recovery. However, the lymphedema of the prepuce after Sugita surgical method is serious, which can easily lead to poor appearance of the penis after operation. In general, the effectiveness of pedicled skin flap of foreskin for phalloplasty is better than that of the Sugita surgical method.