Interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-2(IL-2) and interleukin-6(IL-6) activities and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) contents in plasma from patients with different sites of cancers as well as controls using bioassay technique were studied. The results showed that the levels of IL-1,IL-2,IL-6 s from patients with different sites of cancer were decreased remarkably in comparision with controls and the contents of TNF from patients with different sites of cancers increased significantly. But the difference between different sites of cancer was not statistically significant. The data suggest that the variations in the contents of TNF and the levels of interleukins may be related to the development of these caner patients.
Objective To explore the mechanism of Liuhedan in promoting wound healing through applying Liuhedan to the infective wounds of New Zealand white rabbits. Methods A total of forty New Zealand white rabbit models of infective wounds were established after anesthesia. Five circular infective incisions were generated on the back of each rabbit, with a diameter of 2 cm. Five wounds of each rabbit were assigned respectively to the control group, model group, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) group (Oleum Lithospermum), Western medicine group (calcium alginat), and treatment group (Liuhedan). Wound dressings were performed every day since postoperative day 1. Ten rabbits were selected randomly to be euthanized on postoperative day 3, 7, 14 and 21, respectively. Each specimen was divided into two parts. One was used for detecting interleukin-1β (IL-1β) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the other was used for detecting tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) by immunocytochemistry. Results On postoperative day 3 and 7, groups with the expression of IL-1β from low to high were respectively the control group, the treatment group, the Western medicine group, the TCM group, and the model group [postoperative day 3: (680.81±185.53), (1 028.67±205.57), (1 278.67±251.15), (1 449.86±230.74), (1 544.62±371.77) pg/mL; postoperative day 7: (1 024.43±239.94), (1 333.57±257.31), (1 635.14±222.40), (1 784.71±323.85), (1 953.29±324.78) pg/mL], and all the differences among the groups were significant (P<0.05); On postoperative day 14, groups with the expression of IL-1β from low to high were respectively the treatment group, the control group, the Western medicine group, the TCM group, and the model group [(908.71±108.61), (978.57±161.75), (1 120.43±265.39), (1 129.71±298.06), (1 191.14±234.92) pg/mL], and all the differences among groups were significant (P<0.05) except the difference between the Western medicine group and the TCM group (P>0.05); On postoperative day 21, the expression of IL-1β in the control group, the model group, the TCM group, and the Western medicine group was (487.19±121.80), (496.35±102.15), (500.31±139.34), (499.08±120.67) pg/mL, respectively, with no significant differences among the groups (P>0.05), which were all higher than that in the treatment group [(398.62±102.93) pg/mL] with significant difference (P<0.05). The expression of TNF-α in the model group was significantly greater than those in the other groups. The expression of TNF-α in the treatment group and Western medicine group was significantly lower compared with the model group. The expression of TNF-α in the TCM group was stronger compared with those in the treatment group and the Western medicine group. Conclusion Liuhedan can specifically suppress the expressions of IL-1β and TNF-α in the treatment of infective wounds, decrease the release of inflammatory factor and promote the healing.
ObjectiveTo study the inhibitory effects of pigment epithelium derived factor (PEDF) on oxygen-induced retinal neovascularization in mice, and to investigate the possible involvement of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the neovascular-inhibitory function of PEDF. Methods A total of 140 postnatal day (P)7 C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into normal control group, oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) model group, PEDF treatment group and PBS treatment control group. All mice except normal control group with their mothers were exposed to (75±2)% oxygen environment for 5 days and then kept in room air for another 5 days to establish the OIR model. Mice in normal control group were kept in room air only. At P12 and P14, respectively, mice in PEDF treatment group received intravitreous injections of 1 μl PEDF (2 μg/μl), while PBS treatment control group received the same volume of PBS (10 mmol/L, pH7.4).All mice were euthanized at P17 and eyes were isolated. The changes of retinal vessels were observed on retinal flat mounts and cryosections by fluorescence microscopy. Retinal specimens were prepared for IL-1β protein and mRNA analysis by Western blot and real time fluorescence quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (Real-time RT-PCR). ResultsChanges of retinal vessels had been viewed by fluorescence microscopy on flat-mounted retina, the relative retinal neovascularization areas were significantly increased in OIR model group compared with normal control group (t=15.02, P < 0.01), and the relative retinal neovascularization areas were obviously smaller in PEDF treatment group than those in PBS treatment control group (t=5.96, P < 0.01). Fluorescence staining revealed that retinal vascular tufts were extending from outer plexiform layer (OPL) to ganglion cell layer (GCL) of the retina along with multiple interconnections; Neovascular tufts in OIR model group and PBS treatment control group were presenting distinctly more than those of normal control group and PEDF treatment group. The specific expression levels of IL-1β protein in retinas of OIR mice by Western-blot analysis were higher than those of normal control group(t=3.35, P < 0.05), While these of PEDF treatment group showed a considerable decline in comparison with PBS treatment control group (P < 0.01), and there were no difference in normal control group and PEDF-treated group (F=11.764, P > 0.05). Similarly, expression levels of IL-1β mRNA tested by Real-time RT-PCR were obviously increased in the OIR model group when compared to normal control group(t=4.43, P < 0.01). After treated with PEDF, expression levels of IL-1β mRNA showed a considerable decrease when compared to PBS treatment control group (P < 0.01), and there were no difference in normal control group and PEDF-treated group (F=11.15, P > 0.05). ConclusionsPEDF can inhibit oxygen-induced retinal neovascularization. The mechanism may be related to that PEDF can downregulate the expression of IL-1β in retina.
Objective To determine the contents of matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP-3) and interleukin 1 (IL-1) in the tissues of the lumbar disc herniation and to investigate their roles in the pathogenesis. Methods The tissues of the herniated lumbar disc were obtained from 30 patients undergoing surgery for persistent radiculopathy from June 2003 to December 2004 and at the same time these samples were divided into the following three experimentalgroups: the bulge group (n=11), the protrusion group (n=9), and the prolapsus group (n=10)，14 males, 16 females, aged 33.64 years. As the control group, 9 lumbar disc specimens were harvested from 9 patients(4 males, 5 females, aged 21-58 years) suffering from bursting fracture of the lumbar spine. The specimens were analyzed by the ELISA method for the contents of MMP-3 and IL-1. Results The contents of MMP-3(14.25±1.32, 19.89±2.97,20.69±2.18 ng/ml in the bulge group, protrusion group and prolapsus group, separately) and IL-1(8.52±0.22， 11.88±0.52，11.90±0.73 pg/ml in the bulge group, protrusion group and prolapsus group, separately) in the experimental groups were significantly higher than those in the control group. The contents of MMP-3 and IL-1 in the protrusion group were not significantly higher than those in the prolapsus group, but they were significantly higher than those in the bulge group(P＜0.01). The contents of MMP-3 had a significant relationship with the contents of IL-1 in the three experimental groups and the control group(P＜0.01). Conclusion The result demonstrates that the tissues of the lumbar disc herniation can produce both MMP-3 and IL-1, which may have an unknown but important relationship with each other.
In perioperation period, the dynamic changes of solubla interleulcin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) in serum were determined by ELISA in 60 patients with gastric cancer (GC), and then was compared with those of 30 normal individuals and 40 selective patients who necieved common abdominal surgery. Results: At the day before and ten days after operation, the sIL-2R of patients with GC was higher than that of normal individual. But twenty days after operation, the sIL-2R reduced to as normal level. Conclusion: As a immunodepressive index, the sIL-2R of patients with GC was increased obviously, and after radical gastrectomy, it decreased gradually. So by determining sIL-2R, we can evaluate the immunologic function of patientswith GC.
Objective To study the variety and the action of inflammatory cytokines and the relevant anti-inflammatory factors in acute pancreatitis (AP). Methods The authors observed the change of peripheral blood IL-6 and sTNFR in 41 patients with mild and severe AP in two groups on 1, 5, 14d after acute attack by ELISA. Results All cases recovered gradually in mild group (n＝22) after five days. Twelve patients improved gradually in severe group (n＝19) after 5-7 days. The level of sTNFR increased markedly in 2 groups at 1, 5, 14d(Ｐ＜0.001), and that of the severe group was markedly higher decreased gradually (Ｐ＜0.01). The level of IL-6 increased apparently only in severe group on 1d, 40.38 pg/ml∶12.4 pg/ml, (Ｐ＜0.001). The levels of IL-6 and sTNFR correlated respectively with severity of AP. Conclusion These results show that peripheral blood IL-6 and TNFα are useful index to supervise the severity and conversion and final results of AP.
ObjectiveTo determine the signal pathway of specifically expressed oncostatin M(OSM) in lens inducing retinal degeneration in transgenic mice.MethodsA sequence-truncated OSM cDNA (661 bp) of mice was linked to αA-crytallin promoter, and was micro-injected into unicellular embryo to set up the model of transgenic mice. Reversal transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the mRNA expression of gp130/OSMRβ receptor in the retinae of OSM transgenic and non-transgenic mice. Rabbit anti-phosphorylated STAT-3 antibody was used to detect the protein expression of phosphorylated STAT-3，and mouse anti-cytochrome C antibody was used to detect the distributing of cytochrome C in retinae. ResultsExpression of gp130/OSMRβmRNA was found in retina of non-transgenic mice. At the 17.5th day in the embryonic stage, significant accumulation of the phosphorylated STAT-3 was detected in the retinal nucleolus in OSM transgenic retina. At the first day after birth, intensive staining of cytochrome C in OSM transgenic retina was found. Conclusionsspecifically expressed OSM in lens may act on gp130/OSMRβ receptor in retinae, activate STAT-3, and cause the release of cytochrome C from mitochondria, which eventually induces widespread retinal degeneration.(Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2005,21:167-169)
ObjectiveTo study the effect of bacillus calmette-guerin(BCG) polysaccharides nucleic acid on humoral immunity, interleukin(IL)-8 and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-αin patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and to provide theoretical basis for evaluation of its clinical effectiveness. MethodsThirty hospitalized elderly patients with AECOPD treated from March 2012 to February 2013 and 60 patients with stable COPD treated at the same time were randomly selected as the study subjects. At the same time, 60 healthy people from our physical examination center were also enrolled and divided into two groups:the elderly healthy group (n=30) and nonelderly healthy group (n=30). IL-8, TNF-α, IgA, IgG and IgM levels were determined. The stable COPD group was randomly divided into two groups:group A (n=30) and group B (n=30). Group A received only routine therapy; group B received both routine therapy and intramuscular injection of BCG polysaccharide nucleic acid (0.35 mg/day, three times a week). IL-8, TNF-α, IgA, IgG and IgM levels in peripheral blood were investigated before treatment and one month later. ResultsThere were no statistically significant differences in IL-8 and TNF-αlevels in peripheral blood between elderly healthy group and nonelderly healthy group (P > 0.05), but the IgA, IgG and IgM levels were lower in the nonelderly healthy group than in the elderly healthy group (P < 0.05). Compared with the elderly healthy grouping, IgG and IgM levels were significantly lower in AECOPD group and stable COPD group (P < 0.05), but IL-8 and TNF-αlevels were significantly higher (P > 0.05). There were statistically significant differences in TNF-α, IgA, IgG and IgM levels between group B before and after treatment (P > 0.05). ConclusionsHuman's humoral immunity decreases with age. Elderly COPD patients are at high risks of abnormal immunologic function, particularly in the acute exacerbation period. The BCG polysaccharides nucleic acid can strength patients' humoral immunity. The levels of inflammatory cytokines can be reduced using BCG polysaccharides nucleic acid.