OBJECTIVE: To explore the kidney anatomic structure of banna minipig inbred-lines, and to provide data for kidney xenotransplantation. METHODS: The fresh and infused kidneys of banna minipig (including the vessel and the ureter) were checked by anatomic microscope and vernier caliper in original location and away body. The tissue structure was observed by HE stain. RESULTS: The structure of kidney of banna minipig inbred-lines (including the vessel and the ureter) are similar to that of human being. The fascia propria of kidney is divided into three layers including capsula fibrosa, capsula adipose and fascia renalis. The thickness of cortex renalis is (20.0 +/- 2.4) mm. The average diameter of renal artery is 5.1 mm and is similar to that of human being. All the kidneys of banna minipig inbred-lines have a single branch renal artery. The diameters of left and right ureters are 5.1 mm and 4.7 mm, respectively. CONCLUSION: The kidney of banna minipig inbred-lines is an ideal replacement of human kidney for xenotransplantation.
Chronic kidney diseases (CKD) with long duration and a variety of complications have caused great physical and psychological problems for patients, and the overall quality of life of patients is low. Taijiquan, as a traditional Chinese techniques project, is beneficial to improving cardiopulmonary function, enhancing lower limb muscle strength, and reducing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risks. We summarized the latest progress in clinical research concerning taijiquan as exercise rehabilitation for patients with CKD, aiming to promote the clinical application of taijiquan and other traditional exercises in the rehabilitation process of CKD patients and improve the overall quality of life of CKD patients.
Objective To assess the clinical efficacy of Cordyceps sinensis in the treatment of chronic kidney diseases. Methods Randomized or quasi-randomized controlled trials (RCTs or quasi-RCTs) were identified from MEDLINE (1996 to Oct. 2005), EMbase (1984 to Oct. 2005), The Cochrane Central Register of controlled Trials (Issue 3, 2005) and CBMdisc (1978 to Oct. 2005). We also handsearched related published and unpublished data and their references. Data were extracted and evaluated by two reviewers independently with a designed extraction form. RevMan4.2.7 software was used for data analysis. Results One RCT and 5 quasi-RCTs involving 434 patients were included. Results of meta-analysis were presented as follows: ① Response rate: five studies showed that, compared with the blank control group, significant differences were observed after the treatment with Cordyceps (RR 2.13, 95%CI 1.06 to 4.26); one study showed that there was no difference between Cordyceps and Shenyankangfu tablet (RR 2.17, 95%CI 0.73 to 6.460). ② Total effective rate: five studies showed that, compared with the blank control group, significant differences were observed after the treatment with Cordyceps (RR1.94, 95 %CI 1.14 to 3.30); one study showed that there was no difference between Cordyceps and Shenyankangfu tablet (RR 1.39, 95%CI 0.89 to 2.16). ③ Adverse reactions: adverse reactions were rare only with mild symptoms. Conclusions Cordyceps sinensis may improve the response rate and total effective rate of chronic kidney diseases. More high quality trials are required.
Hypernatremia is one of the commonly syndromes in critically ill patients. Severe hypernatremia has a low incidence (0.6%–1.0%) but with a very high mortality (58%–87%). Conventional treatments include the limitation of sodium intake and the supplement of sodium free liquid according to the assessed water lost. The reduction rates of conventional treatments are commonly not effective enough to decrease the serum sodium concentration in severe euvolemic or hypervolemic hypernatremia patients. Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) has been reported to be effective on the reduction of sodium level in severe hypernatremia patients. However, the evidences on the use of CRRT for hypernatremia are limited. Our present review summarizes the current evidences on the prevalence of hypernatremia, the outcome of hypernatremia patients, the conventional treatment of hypernatremia, and the advantages and indications of CRRT for the management of hypernatremia. Additionally, we introduce our experiences on the management of hypernatremia using CRRT as well.
ObjectiveTo explore the application effect of information-based circuit teaching mode for training refresher nurses in continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT).MethodsCRRT refresher nurses studied in West China Hospital of Sichuan University from January 2016 to December 2019 were selected. The CRRT refresher nurses who were selected as the control group (studied from January 2016 to December 2017) accepted the conventional teaching method. The CRRT refresher nurses who were selected as the test group (studied from January 2018 to December 2019) accept the information-based combined with circuit teaching mode for teaching and training. After 6 months of training, the theoretical performance, operation performance, teaching satisfaction and the incidence of adverse events were compared between the two groups.ResultsA total of 112 CRRT refresher nurses were enrolled. Among them, there were 52 nurses in the control group and 60 in the test group. The scores of theory achievement (t=−2.421, P=0.017), operation achievement (t=−2.305, P=0.023) and teaching satisfaction [including teaching effect (t=−4.067, P<0.001), operation skill (t=−5.013, P<0.001), teaching mode (t=−5.589, P<0.001) and teaching content (t=−2.586, P<0.001)] of refresher nurses in the test group were higher than those in the control group. There was no significant difference between the control group (4 cases) and the test group (1 case) in the occurrence of adverse nursing events (adjusted χ2=1.169, P=0.280).ConclusionThe information-based circuit teaching mode has achieved good results in the teaching of CRRT refresher nurses, which is conducive to improving the post competency of CRRT refresher nurses.
目的 研究低碘饮食对大鼠甲状腺功能的影响及c-Jun在肾组织中的表达差异，探讨c-Jun在低碘大鼠肾脏组织中表达的意义。 方法 给予Wistar大鼠低碘饲料，通过饮用不同碘浓度饮水分组,测定甲状腺功能。利用免疫组织化学方法分析肾脏组织中c-Jun的激活变化情况。 结果 重度低碘组与轻度低碘组、正常对照组比较三碘甲状腺原氨酸(TT3)、血清总甲状腺素(TT4)、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)均明显下降(Plt;0.05)。轻度低碘组与正常对照组相比，TT4、FT3明显下降(Plt;0.05)，TT3、FT4稍有降低(Pgt;0.05)。c-Jun在低碘大鼠肾组织中表达增强，与低碘程度有依赖关系，且在肾小球内的表达明显强于肾小管。 结论 低碘摄入可引起肾组织中c-Jun的过度表达，进而引起肾脏损伤。
Hypophosphatemia is a common and potentially serious complication during continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), which is often underestimated and ignored. This article systematically searched and reviewed the relevant literature on previous CRRT and hypophosphatemia, and summarized the risk factors affecting hypophosphatemia during CRRT, the impact on the body, and the existing phosphorus supplement scheme during CRRT, so as to attract everyone’s attention to hypophosphatemia during CRRT in clinical work.
目的:检测高脂高盐饮食和有氧运动对肾脏过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体(PPARs)蛋白表达的影响。方法:20只8周龄雄性Wistar大鼠,分别给予普通膳食(RN)、高脂高盐膳食(HN)、普通膳食加游泳(RS)和高脂高盐膳食加游泳(HS)处理(每组5只),24周后采用Western blot方法检测各组大鼠肾脏组织的3种PPARs亚型(α、β/δ和γ)蛋白的表达量。结果:3种PPARs亚型在大鼠肾脏组织中均有表达。HN、RS和HS组PPAR-α蛋白表达量分别为RN组的4.0、3.0和2.1倍,PPARβ/δ蛋白表达量分别为RN组(对照)的3.0、2.5和4.0倍,PPAR-γ蛋白表达量为RN组的1.7、3.1和4.1倍,每个亚型的蛋白表达量在各组之间(两两比较)均有显著性差异。结论:高脂高盐膳食和有氧运动均可导致大鼠肾组织内3种PPARs亚型蛋白表达显著升高,有氧运动显著降低了高脂高盐膳食引起的PPAR-α蛋白高表达。
ObjectiveTo explore the effect of donation after citizen death (DCD) kidney transplantations performed in Sichuan.MethodsThe data of 97 cases of DCD kidney transplantations performed in West China Hospital of Sichuan University between January 2012 and March 2016 was retrospectively reviewed. The 53 donors were aged from 7 months to 54 years (with a median of 28 years, and lower quartile of 15 years and upper quartile of 45 years), including 40 males and 13 females; the causes of death included craniocerebral trauma in 21 cases, craniocerebral tumor in 12 cases, cerebrovascular accident in 15 cases, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in 4 cases, and hydrocephalus in 1 case. The 97 recipients were aged from 18 to 66 years (with a median of 39 years, and lower quartile of 30 years and upper quartile of 44 years), including 71 males and 26 females. The recipients were classified into C-Ⅰ (n=36) and C-Ⅲ (n=61) according to type of donation. The baseline and perioperative situation of the donors and recipients, and the postoperative kidney function, infection, recipient survival and kidney survival of the recipients were analyzed.ResultsAfter transplantation, none of primary graft nonfunction occurred but delayed graft function (DGF) occurred in 26 cases. There were no significant differences in creatinine level between C-Ⅰ and C-Ⅲ recipients at 1 week [(226.71±187.46) vs. (249.94±249.84) μmol/L, P=0.636], 1 month [(136.32±63.34) vs. (157.37±147.83) μmol/L, P=0.428], 3 months [(110.51±25.26) vs. (115.02±36.60) μmol/L, P=0.527] and 12 months [(103.42±21.57) vs. (104.18±39.36) μmol/L, P=0.911] after transplantation, as well as acute rejection [13.9% vs. 19.7%, P=0.469] and complications at early time after transplantation. There were no significant differences in 1-year recipient survival rate (91.7% vs. 93.4%) and 1-year kidney survival rate (100.0% vs. 91.8%) between C-Ⅰ and C-Ⅲ recipients.ConclusionDCD kidney transplantation has excellent short-term outcomes despite a high incidence of early DGF, and may represent another potential method to safely expand the donor pool.