Objective To provide a current language for clinical and pathological discription of gastric cancer. Methods The literature in recent years on the distribution of lymph nodes and staging of gastric cancer were reviewed. Results The lymph nodes of gastric cancer are distributed near the blood vessel and organs of gastric milieu. To ensure radical gastrectomy rational and scientific, the anatomic structure of gastric milieu should be familiarized. Conclusion The excellent outcome of surgery will be achieved by the effective dissection and removel of lymph nodes in gastric cancer.
Objective To understand role of chemokines and their receptors in pathogenesis, progression, and metastasis of gastric cancer, and to provide a better approach for diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer. Method The literatures about the relationship between chemokines and their receptors and gastric cancer were reviewed. Results There were about 50 various chemokines and their receptors abnormally expressed in the tumor microenvironment. The main types related gastric cancer were the CXC, CC and CX3C chemokines and their receptors, which could promote the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of the gastric cancer through several pathways like mTOR pathway, JAK2-STAT3 pathway, etc.. Conclusions Chemokines and their receptors play an important role in occurrence and development of gastric cancer. Further studies on chemokines and their receptors will not only assist in early diagnosis of gastric cancer, as well as estimation of clinical prognosis, but also provide an intervention target for gastric cancer.
ObjectiveTo investigate the levels of regulatory T cells (Treg) and FoxP3 gene in patients with gastric cancer before and after operation. MethodsTwenty patients with definite diagnosis of gastric cancer and 15 healthy volunteers were selected. The levels of Treg and T cell subsets in peripheral blood were determined by detecting of CD4 and CD25 with immunefluorescence stain and flow cytometry, the expressions of FoxP3 mRNA in these Treg were detected by RTPCR technique. The expression of FoxP3 protein in the gastric cancer tissue was measured by immunohistochemistry assay. ResultsThe percentage of Treg cells in total CD4+ T isolated from the patients with gastric cancer was higher than that of healthy volunteers 〔(19.39±5.58)% versus (9.91±3.23)%, Plt;0.01〕, and it markedly decreased after operation 〔（13.50±5.93）% versus (19.39±5.58)%, Plt;0.05〕. The FoxP3 mRNA expression in the patients with gastric cancer was also higher than that of healthy volunteers (0.86±0.03 versus 0.64±0.02, Plt;0.01), and decreased after operation (0.73±0.04 versus 0.86±0.03, Plt;0.05). The percentage of CD4+T cell in mononucleocytes of peripheral blood of patients with gastric cancer was significantly lower than that of healthy volunteers (Plt;0.01), but the difference was not significant between before and after operation. FoxP3 protein expressed in cytoplasm of 13 patients with gastric cancer, in which bly positive in 2 cases, middle positive in 6 cases, weakly positive in 5 cases. FoxP3 protein didn’t express in cytoplasm of 7 patients with gastric cancer. ConclusionsTreg may have a significant effect on the onset and development of gastric cancer through immunosuppressive effect. Tumor tissue is an important initiating agent on Treg proliferation.
Eight cases of gastric remnant carcinoma are reported and its possible etiology, course of disease, prevention and treatmant are discussed together with literature review. Duodenal ulcer, except with serious complications, should be treated conservatively. For benign gastric ulcer gastrectomy may be considered in individual case, but the operative indication can be controlled by its lesions. Regular follow-up study should be performed on patients who had gastrectomy for more than five years.
The effects of preoperative selective arterial perfusion chemotherapy (PSAPC) in the treatment of 20 cases of histologically confirmed gastric cancers is reported in which 12 patients were operated on, and a comparison with that of general chemotherapy in 10 cases of gastric cancers (as controls) was made. In the PSAPC group, besides the improvement of clinical symptoms and singns, the cancer cells of lesions in situ and metastatic lymph nodes have different degrees of degeneration and necrosis. This result show significant differences in two group comparison (Plt;O.01). We conclude that the PSAPC has good short-term effect and little side-effect. It can improve the resection rate and radical resection rate, and prevent the iatrogenic metastasis and implantation during operation, and decrease the postoperative recurrence of the patients with gastric cancer.
ObjectiveTo analyze short-term outcomes of hand assisted laparoscopic (HAL) D2 radical distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer and summarize clinical experiences. MethodsThe clinical data of 199 patients with gastric cancer undergoing D2 radical distal gastrectomy from December 2010 to December 2013 in this hospital were analyzed. HAL (HAL group, n=92) and traditonal open (TO group, n=107) D2 radical distal gastrectomy were performed. The operation time, incision length, intraoperative blood loss, number of lymph nodes harvested, postoperative hospital stay, and postoperative complications were compared between these two groups. ResultsThere was no residue of cancer cells at the surgical margin in the HAL group and the TO group. Compared with the TO group, the average incision length was obviously shorter (P < 0.01) and the average intraoperative blood loss was obviously less (P < 0.05) in the HAL group. The average operation time, the average number of lymph nodes harvested, and the average postoperative hospital stay had no significant differences between the HAL group and the TO group (P > 0.05). One case was died of unknown gastrointestinal bleeding in the HAL group and the TO group, respectively. The postoperative complication rate was 9.78% (9/92) in the HAL group and 11.21% (12/107) in the TO group, there was no significant difference (P > 0.05). ConclusionsHAL D2 radical distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer don't increase operation time. It has some advantages of minimal invasion and safety as compared with traditional open surgery.
Objective To investigate the expression of tumor suppressor gene Lumican mRNA in gastric cancer and its role in the development of gastric cancer. Methods The expressions of Lumican mRNA in gastric cancer tissues, tissues near tumor and normal tissues were detected by using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), clinical pathology for those tissues was studied as well. Results The expression absence rates of Lumican mRNA were 42.4% (28/66), 15.2% (10/66) and 0 in gastric cancer tissues, tissues near tumor and normal tissues respectively. The expression absence rate of Lumican mRNA in patients with lymph node metastasis was 61.1%, which was significantly higher than that of the patients without lymph node metastasis (20.0%, χ2=11.323, P=0.001). The expression absence rate of Lumican mRNA in the gastric cancer at the advanced stages (stages Ⅲ, Ⅳ) was 61.5%, which was significantly higher than that in the gastric cancer at the early stages (stages Ⅰ, Ⅱ, 30.0%, χ2=6.417， P=0.011). The expression absence rates of Lumican mRNA in the high, moderate and poor differentiation tumors were 38.5% (10/26), 38.5% (10/26) and 57.1% (8/14) respectively, the expression absence rate of Lumican mRNA was no significant association with the differentiation degree (χ2=1.576, P=0.455). Conclusion The expression absence of tumor suppressor gene Lumican mRNA may play an important role in the tumorgenesis and influences the prognosis of gastric cancer.