Objective To investigate the influence of including HIV/AIDS patients on the consolidated fund under the New Cooperative Medical System （NCMS）. Methods Designed questionnaires were used to investigate 24 HIV/AIDS patients and 1155 randomized sample of the population to compare their income, requirement for public health service, expenditure of medical care and to analyze the influence of including HIV/AIDS patients. Results We found the income of HIV/AIDS patients was lower than healthy population in 2003 （722 vs. 2 162 RMB） ; but the requirement （outpatient：2 ：1, inpatient：5 ：1 ）and expenditure of medical care was higher in HIV/AIDS patients. Including HIV/ AIDS patients into NCMS would cause an adverse-effect on consolidated fund. When more than 293 HIV/AIDS patients were included, it would be beyond what the consolidated fund can afford. Conclusions Including HIV/AIDS patients into NCMS can decrease the HIV/AIDS expenditure to some degree. But the government still needs to get involved to share risks and to establish an HIV/AIDS fund to cover that part which NCMS could not afford.
目的:进一步认识获得性免疫缺陷综合征（AIDS）并发机会感染的临床特点，提高临床诊断水平，减少误诊。方法:回顾性分析我院85例住院的AIDS患者的临床资料。包括临床表现、常见的机会感染、实验室检查异常情况及机会感染的确诊时间等情况。结果:本组资料中发生机会感染患者主要为青壮年男性，发病后误诊率为70%，大多经两家医院就诊后确诊。60%以上患者首诊于非感染科。临床表现主要有发热、咳嗽、腹泻、消瘦、皮疹、贫血等症状和体征。肺部感染35例（14%），肺结核12例（14%），乙型肝炎9例（10%），丙型肝炎10例（11%），梅毒 7例（8%），耶氏肺孢子菌肺炎（PCP）15例（17%），败血症1例 （1%）。结论:HIV机会感染呈多器官受累，临床表现复杂，不具特异性。临床应提高认识，减少误诊。
Objective To assess the effectiveness and safety of combination therapy of zidovudine and lamivudine (ZDV+3TC) for preventing mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV. Methods A systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted using the methodology of The Cochrane Collaboration. PUBMED, EMBASE, CINAHL, AIDSearch, AIDSLINE, AIDSTRIALS, The Cochrane Library (Issue 2, 2007), AIDSDRUGS, AIDSinfo, CRD (Center of Review and Dissemination) databases and three Chinese Databases (CBM, CNKI, VIP) were searched from their establishment to 31 May 2007. We also searched documents of governmental and non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and the proceedings of relevant conferences, including the International AIDS Conferences, and the annual Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. RCTs assessing the effects of ZDV+3TC for preventing MTCT were included. Trial selection, quality assessment and data extraction were done by two reviewers independently. Different opinions were resolved by discussion with a third party. Meta-analyses were conducted using The Cochrane Collaboration’s RevMan 4.2.9 software. Results Three studies in breastfeeding populations were included. One trial (PETRA, 1797 participants) found that ZDV+3TC decreased the risk of transmission by 35%-65% within 15 months compared with placebo. However, there was no evidence that ultra-short course ZDV+3TC (during labor) decreased the risk of transmission, compared with placebo. The safety of different courses of ZDV+3TC and placebo were similar (Pgt;0.05). Another trial (SAINT, 1317 participants) found that short course ZDV+3TC (from 36weeks gestation to labor) did not significantly reduce HIV infection among children at 8 weeks after delivery, when compared with single dose nevirapine given to the mother and the infant (Pgt;0.05). No significant difference was found in the maternal and infants mortality and side effects of two groups. One small trial (Moodley1998, 20 participants) found no infant infection in both ZDV+3TC and 3TC alone within 2 weeks after birth. Conclusions Long course (from 36 weeks gestation to 1 week after delivery) and short course (from 36 weeks gestation to labor) ZDV+3TC were more effective than placebo in preventing MTCT of HIV in breastfeeding women with a similar safety profile. Short course ZDV + 3TC had similar effects to single dose nevirapine, and long course ZDV + 3TC had similar effects to lamivudine alone.
Objective To explore the methods of intervention for street-based female sex workers (FSWs) by assessing the intervention process, and evaluate the effectiveness. Methods By cluster sampling procedure, many streetbased female sex workers in Yuzhong district were intervened systematically after informed consent. Before and after the intervention, questionnaire survey was conducted to understand their KAP towards AIDS and analyzed the results of the questionnaire and the effectiveness of intervention. Results The recognition rate abut AIDS knowledge was improved markedly, from the previous 28% to the later 70.5%; condom use in last act increased the previous 59% to the later 75%, consistent use in recent month changed from 4% to 26%; Peer education was trained. Conclusion systematical intervention among street-based female sex workers is critical for spread of AIDS.
ObjectiveTo systematically search and sort out the clinical research literature on the treatment of AIDS by traditional Chinese medicine compound preparations by using the evidence map method, and to understand the distribution of evidence in this field. MethodsThe CNKI, WanFang Data, VIP, CBM, PubMed and Cochrane Library databases were electronically searched to collect studies on the treatment of AIDS with traditional Chinese medicine compound preparations from inception to August 2022. The distribution characteristics of evidence were analyzed and presented in the form of charts and words. ResultsA total of 337 articles were included, involving 268 intervention studies, 66 observational studies and 4 systematic reviews/meta-analysis. A total of 92 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine compound preparations were obtained, and the literature quantity of different preparations was obviously stratified, with Kangaibaosheng preparation being the most frequently reported. In recent years, the number of published literature has been declining, the quality of literature is generally low, and the level of evidence is not high. As for the intervention duration, this field tends to have a longer intervention observation period. As for the outcome indicators, the evaluation criteria of some indicators are not uniform, and the characteristics of TCM advantages are not reflected. The quantity and quality of systematic reviews/meta-analyses were insufficient. No normative consensus or guidelines for the treatment of AIDS with traditional Chinese medicine compound preparations had been formed. Conclusionstudies on the effectiveness and safety of traditional Chinese medicine compound preparations in treating AIDS has initially formed a certain scale of evidence group. In the future, it is necessary to further improve the quality of studies, explore outcome indicators that can reflect the advantages of TCM efficacy, and formulate relevant guidelines in a standardized manner.
Cochrane系统评价证据表明,口服替代治疗能降低阿片类药瘾者HIV的血液传播.使用避孕套可有效预防HIV的性传播,同时联合其他一些干预措施可进一步降低个人感染HIV的风险.对于贫困人口和不发达地区,孕妇短程服用奈韦拉平是防治母婴传播最现实有效的方法;而基于发达国家的研究表明,剖腹产、母乳替代品可能是有效的干预.病毒逆转录酶抑制剂是初期治疗HIV感染的有效方法.特效药对于减少艾滋病相关的机会感染是必需的.积极的体育锻炼已被证实是提高艾滋病人生存和生活质量的有效手段.
Objective To evaluate the effect of a health education for preventing HIV/AIDS in floating population. Methods A computerized literature search was carried out in PubMed, CBM (Chinese Biomedical Database), CNKI (Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure), Wanfang (Chinese) and VIP (Chinese) databases to collect articles published between 1996 and 2006 concerning the effect of a HIV/AIDS education intervention in floating population. We also checked the reference lists of relevant articles. The study type was self-control intervention study. Meta-analyses were performed to assess 3 outcomes of the intervention, i.e. knowledge about HIV transmission, means of prevention and attitudes towards HIV/AIDS patients. Fixed and random effect models were employed to combine results after a heterogeneity test, with rate difference (RD) used as the indicator of intervention effect. Results The analysis showed that the RD for knowing the sexual transmission route of HIV, the RD for knowing the effect of condoms for HIV prevention, and the RD for changing attitudes towards HIV/AIDS patients, i.e. treating them as ordinary people, were increased by 16% (0.10, 0.22), 22% (0.17, 0.28) and 19% (0.13, 0.25), respectively. Conclusion Health education for preventing HIV/AIDS is effective in changing knowledge and attitudes in floating population.