Objective To explore the effect of total glucosides of Cistanche deserticola on oxidative stress and cognitive function in rats with intermittent hypoxia. Methods Adult male Wistar rats (n=72) were randomly divided into three groups: a blank control group, a 5% intermittent hypoxia group (IH group) and a total glucosides of Cistanche deserticola intervention group (TGs intervention group). The 5% intermittent hypoxia rat model was simulated by using the self-made cabin of intermittent hypoxia. The rats in the IH group and the TGs intervention group were given 5% intermittent hypoxia respectively, and the rats in the TGs intervention group were treated with total glucosides of Cistanche deserticola simultaneously. Learning and memory function was tested by Morris water maze in three groups at the 2nd, 4th, 6th and 8th week respectively. The expressions of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in hippocampus were detected by test kit. Results Compared with the blank control group, the escape latency time of the rats in the IH group and the TGs intervention group was significantly prolonged at the 2nd, 4th, 6th and 8th week respectively (P<0.05). The time to cross the target quadrant in the IH group and the TGs intervention group was gradually shortened at the 2nd, 4th, 6th and 8th week respectively (P<0.05). Compared with the IH group, the escape latency gradually shortened at the 2nd, 4th, 6th and 8th week in the TGs intervention group (P<0.05), while the time to cross the target quadrant was gradually prolonged at the 2nd, 4th, 6th and 8th week (P<0.05). The expressions of MDA in hippocampal tissue in the IH group and the TGs intervention group increased at the 2nd, 4th, 6th and 8th week (P<0.05), which were significantly higher than those in the blank control group; and the expressions of SOD at the 2nd, 4th, 6th, and 8th week were all lower than those in the blank control group(P<0.05). Compared with the IH group, the expression of MDA protein in hippocampal tissue in the TGs intervention group decreased at the 2nd, 4th, 6th and 8th week, while the expression of SOD protein at the 2nd, 4th, 6th and 8th week increased, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion The total glycosides of Cistanche deserticola can improve the learning and memory function of intermittent hypoxia rats by inhibiting oxidative stress.
ObjectiveTo analyze the risk factors of cognitive dysfunction in patients with epilepsy, and provide evidence for clinical prevention and treatment.MethodsDuring the period from January 1, 2018 to January 31, 2019, 101 patients with epilepsy who were admitted to the epilepsy specialist clinic of the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University were included in this study. The cognitive function of the patients was evaluated by the Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) scale and patients were divided into cognitive impairment group and normal cognitive function group according to the MMSE. Single factor and logistic regression analysis were used to find the differences of influencing factors between the two groups.Results① There were 27 cases of cognitive dysfunction in 101 patients with epilepsy, the incidence of cognitive impairment was 26.7%; ② Univariate analysis showed that the course of disease, frequency of seizures, seizure forms, anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) and abnormal rate of electroencephalogram (EEG) existed significant differences between the two groups (P<0.05). ③ Logistic regression showed that course of disease, frequency of seizures and AEDs multidrug therapy were independent risk factors for cognitive dysfunction in patients with epilepsy (P<0.05).ConclusionCourse of disease, frequency of seizures and AEDs multidrug therapy are independent risk factors for cognitive dysfunction in patients with epilepsy.
Objective To explore the characteristics of cognitive impairment in patients with alcohol dependence, and analyze the related influencing factors. Methods The Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA) was used to evaluate the cognitive function of 65 alcohol dependent patients hospitalized between January 1st and December 31st, 2014. The features of cognitive impairment and related influencing factors were analyzed. Results The differences of MoCA attention and delayed recall between different drinking year groups had statistical significance (P<0.05). The correlations of drinking year with MoCA attention (r=–0.250,P=0.044), and with delayed recall (r=–0.326,P=0.008) were both negative. MoCA scores, naming, attention and delayed recall were different statistically among different age groups (P<0.05). The correlations of ages with MoCA scores (r=–0.429,P<0.001), naming (r=–0.261,P=0.035), attention (r=–0.391,P=0.001) and delayed recall (r=–0.461,P<0.001) were all negative. MoCA scores, the visuoconstructional skills, language, abstraction and delayed recall were significantly different among different education level groups (P<0.05). The correlations of education level with MoCA scores (rs=0.650,P<0.001), the visuoconstructional skills (rs=0.540,P<0.001), language (rs=0.486,P<0.001), abstraction (r=0.602,P<0.001) and delayed recall (rs=0.593,P<0.001) were all positive. Ages had an effect on MoCA scores by multiple linear regression analysis (P<0.01). Conclusions For alcohol dependent patients with cognitive impairment, cognitive function is correlated with drinking year, age and education level. The cognitive function is much serious in patients with older age and longer drinking years. This kind of patients should be focused on and intervened early.
Objective To systematically review the efficacy and safety of acupuncture for the treatment of tumor-related cognitive dysfunction. Methods The PubMed, The Cochrane Library, EMbase, CNKI, WanFang Data, VIP and CBM databases were electronically searched to collect studies on acupuncture for the treatment of tumor-related cognitive dysfunction from the establishment of the database to February 13th, 2022. Two reviewers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies. Meta-analysis was then performed using RevMan 5.4.1 software. Results A total of 16 studies involving 1 361 patients were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that the mini-mental state examination (MD=1.82, 95%CI 1.49 to 2.15, P<0.000 01) and Montreal cognitive assessment (MD=1.56, 95%CI 0.83 to 2.29, P<0.0001) scores of the acupuncture treatment group were superior to those in the control group. Furthermore, the acupuncture treatment group showed a reduced incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (RR=0.50, 95%CI 0.39 to 0.63, P<0.000 01) and decreased levels of interleukin-6 (MD=−10.43, 95%CI −14.91 to −5.95, P<0.000 01), interleukin-1β (MD=−47.14, 95%CI −63.92 to −30.36, P<0.000 01), and tumor necrosis factor-α (MD=−9.13, 95%CI −12.38 to −5.89, P<0.000 01). In contrast, the visual analog scale score of the acupuncture treatment group (MD=−1.26, 95%CI −2.06 to −0.47, P=0.002) was better than that of the control group. No significant difference was found in the level of central nervous system-specific protein (S100β) (MD=−0.06, 95%CI −0.13 to 0.01, P=0.12) between the two groups. Conclusion Acupuncture therapy can improve tumor-related cognitive function in patients. Its curative effect is better than that of non-acupuncture therapy; however, its ability to reduce S100β levels is not significantly different from that of non-acupuncture therapy. Due to the limited quantity and quality of the included studies, more high-quality studies are needed to verify the above conclusion.
Objectives This study aims to examine the possible association between C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration and cognitive impairment in patients with post-stroke epilepsy. Methods Patients with post-stroke epilepsy admitted to Western China Hospital from January 2010 to June 2016 were consecutively enrolled in our study. CRP levels were assessed within one week of stroke onset, and then correlated with cognitive status assessed two years after stroke using the Six-Item Screener. Results Among the 96 patients with post-stroke epilepsy who included in our study, 24 patients were found to have cognitive impairment during the two years follow-up period. Our data showed a significant association between CRP levels and cognitive performance in these patients (31.5±36.2 vs. 11.9±19.4, P=0.029). In addition, this association persisted even after adjusting for potential confounders［OR=1.021, 95%CI (0.997, 1.206), P=0.037］. Conclusions Following ischemic stroke, higher CRP levels is associated with subsequent cognitive decline in patients with epilepsy. Association and prospective studies in larger sample size are needed in order to validate our findings, especially studies in which baseline CRP level and CRP level during follow-up are closely monitored.
Objective To explore the effect of preoperative hypothyroidism on postoperative cognition dysfunction (POCD) in elderly patients after on-pump cardiac surgery. Methods Patients who were no younger than 50 years and scheduled to have on-pump cardiac surgeries were selected in West China Hospital from March 2016 to December 2017. Based on hormone levels, patients were divided into two groups: a hypo group (hypothyroidism group, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) >4.2 mU/L or free triiodothyronine 3 (FT3) <3.60 pmol/L or FT4 <12.0 pmol/L) and an eu group (euthyroidism group, normal TSH, FT3 and FT4). The mini-mental state examination (MMSE) test and a battery of neuropsychological tests were used by a fixed researcher to assess cognitive function on 1 day before operation and 7 days after operation. Primer outcome was the incidence of POCD. Secondary outcomes were the incidence of cognitive degradation, scores or time cost in every aspect of cognitive function. Results No matter cognitive function was assessed by MMSE or a battery of neuropsychological tests, the incidence of POCD in the hypo group was higher than that of the eu group. The statistical significance existed when using MMSE (55.56% vs. 26.67%, P=0.014) but was absent when using a battery of neuropsychological tests (55.56% vs. 44.44%, P=0.361). The incidence of cognitive deterioration in the hypo group was higher than that in the eu group in verbal fluency test (48.15% vs. 20.00%, P=0.012). The cognitive deterioration incidence between the hypo group and the eu group was not statistically different in the other aspects of cognitive function. There was no statistical difference about scores or time cost between the hypo group and the eu group in all the aspects of cognitive function before surgery. After surgery, the scores between the hypo group and the eu group was statistically different in verbal fluency test (26.26±6.55 vs. 30.23±8.00, P=0.023) while was not statistically significant in other aspects of cognitive function. Conclusion The incidence of POCD is high in the elderly patients complicated with hypothyroidism after on-pump cardiac surgery and words reserve, fluency, and classification of cognitive function are significantly impacted by hypothyroidism over than other domains, which indicates hypothyroidism may have close relationship with POCD in this kind of patients.
This study seeks to explore the early signs of cognitive impairment in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). According to polysomnography, twenty patients diagnosed with OSAHS and twenty normal controls underwent event-related potential (ERP) examination including mismatch negativity (MMN) and P300. Compared with normal controls, OSAHS patients showed significantly prolonged latency of MMN and P300 at Cz. After controlling age and body mass index (BMI), MMN latency positively correlated with apnea hypopnea index (AHI), oxygen reduction index, stage N1 sleep and arousal index, while MMN latency negatively correlated with stage N3 sleep and mean blood oxygen saturation; and P300 latency positively related to AHI and oxygen reduction index; no relationships were found among MMN latency, MMN amplitude, P300 latency and P300 amplitude. These results suggest that the brain function of automatic processing and controlled processing aere impaired in OSAHS patients, and these dysfunction are correlated with nocturnal repeatedly hypoxemia and sleep structure disturbance.