Objective To review researches of the role of inhibitorof differentiation 2(Id2) in skeletal muscle regeneration. Methods The latest original literature concerning Id2 and its role in skeletal muscle regeneration was extensively reviewed. Results Id2 could form heterodimers by combining with E protein to prevent myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs) forming heterodimers by combining with E protein, to inhibit the transcription activity of MRFs anddifferentiation of skeletal muscle cell. Conclusion Id2 plays an important role in skeletal muscle regeneration.
Objective To introduce the current development of periodontal regeneration. Methods The recent l iterature about advances in the regeneration of periodontium using tissue engineering was extensively reviewed and new technologies that will lead to further advances in periodontal therapy was investigated. Results The cells, appropriate signals,scaffold and blood supply play fundamental roles in periodontal regeneration. Furthermore, interreaction of these factors, such as cells modified by growth factor gene or growth factor del ivered by scaffold, will enhance their effects in tissue regeneration. Conclusion Periodontal tissue engineering have great potential and promising future in periodontal regeneration and therapy.
Objective To expound the progress of the reparative and reconstructive surgery (RRS), especially in the recent 20 years, and the developmental direction in the future. Methods We reviewed the information from many books, journals, and conference compilations concerned with RRS. Results RRS emerged with modern surgery. After its development for 20 years, distinguished achievements were obtained in technologies, e.g., biological fixation of bone fracture, bioactive materials, stem cells, tissue engineering, bioactive factor, and induction/ derivation regeneration of tissues and organs. Moreover, ideas were continuously refreshed in RRS, such as emphasis on the equal importance of donor and recipient in autologous transplantation, and of structural and functional restoration in dentofacial surgery. Conclusion Further research programs should be conducted, especially in the fields of creative theories, innovative techniques, and rehabilitation engineering.
自1963年美国Starzl施行世界第1例人体原位肝移植以来，历经40年的发展，随着对手术适应证及手术时机选择的新认识，手术方式的改进，安全有效的免疫抑制药物的开发及其它肝移植围手术期治疗的综合进展，肝移植已在全世界步入成熟时期。我国70年代末曾掀起了肝移植的第一个高潮，80年代处于停滞阶段，至90年代又掀起了第二个高潮，但直到近3～4年，才开始取得较好疗效，跻身于国际先进行列。现拟从肝移植指征、手术技术改进及免疫抑制药物的发展三方面来谈谈肝移植近年的重大进展。
Objective To review the progress in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic disorders of achilles tendon. Methods Recent l iterature concerning the diagnosis and treatment of chronic disorders of achilles tendon was revi ewed. Results Ultrasonography and MRI were commonly used for diagnoses, and MRI could provide extensive informationfor the choice of therapy protocol. Nonsurgical therapy was the mainstay of treatment for most patients with overuse syndromes, surgical techniques for patients due to no effect in the conservative treatment and with chronic rupture, the cl inical treatment project should be determined based on the cl inical evaluation. Conclusion The surgical indication of chronic disorders of achilles tendon remains controversial, the long-term results of each treatment method are unknown, the randomized prospective studies are still required.
Objective To investigate the research advances of the peripheral nerve allograft.Methods The recent articles on peripheral nerve allograft were reviewed extensively. The treatments of allograft and host were analyzed. Results The immunogenicity of allograft was relieved by the physical,chemical or biological treatments; the immunosuppressive therapy makes the rejection relieved and the regeneration of axon accelerated. Conclusion The effect of peripheral nerve allograft is inferior to autograft. If the immunologic tolerance are inducedsuccessfully, the problem shall be solved.
【摘要】 目的 探讨高级别胶质瘤患者放射、化学治疗后假性进展的临床特点、诊断与处理。 方法 分析2008年6月-2009年6月接受综合治疗的31例高级别胶质瘤患者临床资料，对假性进展的患者进行回顾分析，按照实体瘤疗效评判标准应用磁共振进行疗效评价。 结果 31例术后病理诊断为高级别胶质瘤的患者，替莫唑胺（TMZ）同期放射、化学治疗后维持TMZ辅助化学疗法，放射治疗后早期发生假性进展4例（14%)。 结论 对于TMZ同期放射、化学治疗后早期出现的影像学疑似进展，不要急于下结论，了解假性进展的临床特点，结合功能影像学检查可能会有助于临床医生的判断与处理。【Abstract】 Objective To discuss the clinical feature, diagnosis, and management of pseudoprogression after radiochemotherapy of high-grade glioma patients. Methods The clinical data of 31 high-grade glioma patients who underwent postoperative radiochemotherapy from June 2008 to June 2009 were reviewed. Pseudoprogression cases were analyzed. The treatment response was assessed through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) according to the established response evaluation criteria in solid tumors. Results All the 31 high grade gioma patients received postoperative fractioned radiotherapy with concomitant TMZ chemotherapy, followed by TMZ maintenance chemotherapy. Four cases of pseudoprogression occurred after radiotherapy (14%). Conclusion Doctors should be careful in making early diagnosis for the suspected early progression after TMZ concomitant radiochemotherapy. It would be helpful for management to combine the clinical features of pseudoprogression with functional imaging technology.
Primary pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (PPLELC) is a rare type of lung cancer with special characteristics of epidemiology, clinical diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. It has close relationship with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and has prominent regional feature. Most patients are young and non-smoking. There is no specificity of clinical manifestation. Most patients are asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis. As for treatment, the standard treatment for early stage disease is complete resection. Platinum-based doublet chemotherapy has been applied in locally advanced disease as the first line therapy. Due to its rarity, the treatment of advanced PPLELC is still lack of evidence of large sample randomized controlled trial. Whether target therapy or immunotherapy is effective is worth further study. This article reviews the research progress of PPLELC, to give a particular sight for clinicians and provides a better understanding of this rare tumor for researchers.
Large sample-size registries have become a necessary complement to randomized controlled trials. This study introduced the registries in the field of clinical application of implantable cardioverter defibrillator, especially the two large registries of the US NCDR ICD and Boston Scientifićs ALTITUDE, described the current status and future direction, thus to guide such registry researches in China.
Objective To investigate the advance in the management of skeletal trauma of the extremities. Methods The literature at home and abroad was reviewed, and the research findings withclinical experience in the therapeutic methods for fracture of the extremities were summarized.Results The concept on fracture management was renewed, the minimally invasive surgery (MIS) was developed and popularized, the implantation was improved, the navigation technique with computerassisted surgery was applied, and the tissue engineering was developed. The fracture mana gement was changed from the anatomical reduction with absolutely rigid fixation to the biological osteosynthesis with protection of the fracture environment. The minimally invasive surgical techniques included the minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis, intramedullary nailing, external fixation, arthroscopic surgery,and computer-assisted surgery. In concordance with the MIS principles, the newimplants, such as the locking compression plate, and the less invasive stabilization system were well designed and put into clinical practice so as to provide effective therapeutic results in treating osteoporotic fractures and complicated articular and/or metaphyseal fractures. In treatment of the delayed union or nonunion offractures, more effective techniques were employed, including the application of bone substitutes, which are degradable and have properties of bone conduction and induction. In the repair of segmental defects of the long tubular bone, the bonetransport and the vascularized bone grafts could work well. The investigation of the bone engineering revealed its great potentiality.Conclusion Fracture of the extremities is a common problem and its management should emphasize the recovery of the extremity function of the patient in addition to emphasis on the replacement and fixation of the biological structures. The combination of bone engineering and microsurgery represents the development tendency inthis field.