The sternoclavicular joint is located at the cervicothoracic junction, where various types of lesions such as trauma, infection, inflammation and tumor can occur. In complex chest wall reconstruction, the sternoclavicular joint is often involved. Whether and how to reconstruct the sternoclavicular joint is a difficult problem for surgeons. At present, there is no unified standard for sternoclavicular joint resection and reconstruction. There are many materials and methods for sternoclavicular joint reconstruction. With the development of surgical techniques and treatment concepts, we have a new understanding of the anatomy, function, and surgical treatment of the sternoclavicular joint. This article provides an overview of these developments.
目的:研究疏血通联合奥扎格雷钠治疗进展性脑梗死的临床疗效。方法: 将62例进展性脑梗死患者随机分为两组,对照组30例,治疗组32例。对照组静滴丹参40mL,1/d,羟乙基淀粉40氯化钠500mL,1/d,治疗组静滴疏血通6mL,1/d,奥扎格雷钠160mg,1/d,疗程均为14天。观察两组总有效率及治疗前后神经功能缺损评分、血液流变学、脑血管平均血流速度的改变。结果: 治疗组对进展性脑梗死的总有效率为93.8%,对照组为73.3%,两组相比有显著性差异(Plt;0. 05)。治疗组治疗前后神经功能缺损评分、血液流变学指标、脑血流量均有明显改善,差异有显著性,而对照组则不明显。结论: 疏血通与奥扎格雷钠联合治疗进展性脑梗死能起到协同作用,可有效改善进展性脑梗死患者脑部血液循环,减轻梗死后脑组织的缺血坏死风险,最大程度降低病残率,改善患者的预后,其疗效优于丹参与羟乙基淀粉40氯化钠,且安全性高,是治疗进展性脑梗塞较为理想的药物。
ObjectiveTo summarize the developments of oxygen-generating materials as biomaterials and its applications in tissue engineering. MethodsThe recent literature on oxygen-generating materials as biomaterials was extensively reviewed, illustrating the properties and applications of oxygen-generating materials in tissue engineering. ResultsOxygen-generating materials as biomaterials have good biocompatibility and degradability. It supports the cell adhesion differentiation and growth. It is used for repairing liver, pancreas, myocardium, and so on. After modification, oxygen-generating materials can be extensively used in tissue engineering. ConclusionOxygen-generating materials is a good biomaterial, which has a great potential applications in tissue engineering.
ObjectiveTo summarize the current research progress of three-dimensional (3D) printing technique for spinal implants manufacture. MethodsThe recent original literature concerning technology, materials, process, clinical applications, and development direction of 3D printing technique in spinal implants was reviewed and analyzed. ResultsAt present, 3D printing technologies used to manufacture spinal implants include selective laser sintering, selective laser melting, and electron beam melting. Titanium and its alloys are mainly used. 3D printing spinal implants manufactured by the above materials and technology have been successfully used in clinical. But the problems regarding safety, related complications, cost-benefit analysis, efficacy compared with traditional spinal implants, and the lack of relevant policies and regulations remain to be solved. Conclusion3D printing technique is able to provide individual and customized spinal implants for patients, which is helpful for the clinicians to perform operations much more accurately and safely. With the rapid development of 3D printing technology and new materials, more and more 3D printing spinal implants will be developed and used clinically.
Objective To review the recent research progress on shoulder arthroplasty, and to predict future research direction. Methods Recent l iterature concerned the shoulder arthroplasty was reviewed and analyzed in terms of appl iedanatomy, designs of prosthesis, patterns of prosthesis and fixation ways of prosthesis. Results The shoulder arthroplastyrepresented the treatments of choice for the patients with end-stage shoulder diseases and traumatic diseases. It could provide good and stable results in pain rel ief and functional outcomes. Conclusion There are still many controversies about the patterns of prosthesis, fixation ways and kinds of materials in cl inical practice. Currently, the main research is about the designs of the glenoid prosthesis and the cl inical practice in young patients.
ObjectiveTo review the latest progress in minimally invasive treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF). MethodsRelevant literature on minimally invasive treatment of OVCF was reviewed, different minimally invasive technologies were analyzed, compared, and future prospected. ResultsThere are various minimally invasive technologies for treatment of OVCF to aim at analgesia, deformity correction, and vertebral stabilization, thus improving the patients' quality of life. Percutaneous vertebroplasty as the classical technology has a good effectiveness on analgesia, while percutaneous kyphoplasty has a better performance in vertebral height restoration and a lower complication of cement leakage. Obvious deformity correction can be achieved by skyphoplasty, with a risk of endplate damage and uncertain vertebral height maintenance. With OptiMesh vertebroplasty, physiological environment within the fractured vertebra is less likely to be disturbed, but paravertebral tissues are more vulnerable due to a bigger working cannal. Compared with traditional bone cement, Cortoss has advantages of less toxicity, less heat release, and proper stiffness. In addition, the combination use of different minimally invasive technologies has greatly extended the surgical indications of OVCF and improved the success rate. ConclusionMinimally invasive treatment of OVCF is becoming more safety and efficacy with the development of new material and technology, however, further studies are required for quality confirmation and better improvement.
Artificial bone repair material is the best substitute for autologous bone transplantation. Bone repair materials are constantly being replaced and upgraded, which can be roughly divided into three generations: bioinert materials, bioactive materials, and smart materials. Research and development of bone repair materials with multiple biological activities, in vivo degradation property that perfectly fit for new bone formation, and ability of complete reconstruction of bone tissue in physiological state are the focus of future research.
自1963年美国Starzl施行世界第1例人体原位肝移植以来，历经40年的发展，随着对手术适应证及手术时机选择的新认识，手术方式的改进，安全有效的免疫抑制药物的开发及其它肝移植围手术期治疗的综合进展，肝移植已在全世界步入成熟时期。我国70年代末曾掀起了肝移植的第一个高潮，80年代处于停滞阶段，至90年代又掀起了第二个高潮，但直到近3～4年，才开始取得较好疗效，跻身于国际先进行列。现拟从肝移植指征、手术技术改进及免疫抑制药物的发展三方面来谈谈肝移植近年的重大进展。