The improvement of diagnostic levels for fundus diseases depend on the advancements of fundus imaging technology. Different fundus imaging technologies allow doctors to inspect ocular fundus from different aspects such as morphological or functional changes of retina. As a basic fundus examination method, optical coherence tomography provides highresolution and crosssectional retinal images coupled with noninvasive advantages. Fully understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of each fundus imaging technique, appropriate choosing one or combining several imaging techniques, and optimizing diagnostic procedures for each fundus disease are crucial steps to improve our diagnostic levels of ocular fundus diseases.
The current understanding of lamellar hole-associated epiretinal proliferation (LHEP) is based on OCT examination. This preretinal proliferation is seen at the edge of the lamina macular hole (LMH) as a meso-reflective substance under linear strong reflection, located between the internal limiting membranes and the nerve fiber layer. LHEP is often associated with LMH, but its histological origin, morphology and OCT characteristics are different from LMH, and its visual prognosis is worse. At present, the relationship between the occurrence of LHEP and clinical prognosis is still under study. This article reviews the pathology, morphology, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of LHEP, in order to enhance clinical understanding of this disease.
Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD), the most common type of retinal detachment, is the separation of neurosensory retina from the underlying retinal pigment epithelium. The key to surgical treatment of RRD is to find and seal all retinal breaks while the major surgical procedures include scleral buckle (SB), pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), and a combination of the two (PPV/SB). Different surgical methods have their own advantages and limitations. SB plays a very important role in certain types of RRD, providing a high rate of anatomical reduction and a good prognosis of visual function. Combined PPV is also an important auxiliary means for the treatment of complicated RRD. The rapid development of vitreoretinal surgery has greatly contributed to the trend of RRD surgery from extraocular to intraocular. However, it is worth noting that personalized RRD surgical methods are needed to be provided for different patients in order to minimize the occurrence of complications.