Objective To study degradation of the antigen-extracted meniscus in PBS solution with no enzyme or with different enzymes. Methods Four types of enzymes (collagenase, hyaluronidase, trypsin, papain) were used to enzymolyze the antigen-extracted meniscus and the fresh meniscus for 3, 7, 15 and 30 days (37℃). The antigenextracted meniscus and the fresh meniscus were immersed in PBS solution (37℃) for 30 days. Weight loss measurement, UV spectrophotometry, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the degraded materials. Results The two types of the materials were remarkably digested under the enzymes, especially under trypsin. The degradation curves showed that the antigen-extracted meniscus was enzymolyzed less than the fresh meniscus. The degradation products were grouped as amino, peptide, and polyose by the analysis. Both of the materials could hardly behydrolyzed in PBS solution without the enzymes. The four different enzymes had different surface morphologies under the examination of SEM. Conclusion The antigen-extracted meniscus is enzymolyzed more slowly than the fresh meniscus in vitro, and the result can be used as a guideline to the further research.
【Abstract】ObjectiveTo study the mechanism of spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). MethodsArticles have been reviewed to find out the theory of spontaneous rupture of HCC. ResultsResearchful results suggested that the injury of small arteries was usually followed in patients of spontaneous rupture of HCC. In this review, the immune complex, which composed of hepatitis B virus e antigen, complement C1q and immunoglobulins, was found deposited in the elastic membrane of arteries. Likely as a result of immune complex deposition, vascular injury occurs mainly in the small arteries where the deposition of immune complex was present. The small arteries in which immune complex deposited are readily injuried and cause hemorrhage and rupture of HCC during vascular load increase. ConclusionWe would conclude that immune complex deposition in vessel wall led to the small arteries injury may be the factor involved in the pathogenesis of spontaneous ruptured HCC.
ObjectivesTo systematically review the risk factors of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with hepatic B surface antigen (HBsAg).MethodsScopus, EMbase, PubMed, and The Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched for relevant studies on HCC after HBsAg seroclearance from inception to October 31st, 2017. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted the data, and evaluated the risk of bias in the included studies. Meta-analysis was then conducted using R 3.5.3 software.ResultsA total of 28 studies involving 105 411 patients were included. Among 105 411 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), 7 656 patients occurred spontaneously HBsAg seroclearance, while 1 248 patients had HBsAg seroclearance after interferon or nucleoside analogue therapy. The rate of HBsAg seroclearance was 6.77%. Meta-analysis showed that risk factors for HCC after serum HBsAg conversion included cirrhosis (OR=6.43, 95%CI 3.56 to 11.60, P<0.001), male (OR=2.72, 95%CI 1.66 to 4.46,P<0.001), and age ≥50 years at HBsAg seroclearance (OR=3.71, 95%CI 2.17 to 6.35,P<0.001).ConclusionsPatients with CHB after HBsAg seroclearance are still at risk of developing HCC. Therefore, periodic surveillance is recommended, especially for male patients, patients with cirrhosis, and patients who experience HBsAg seroclearance when over 50.
The expression of T antigen in rectal cancer and mucosa remote from carcinoma by immunohistochemistry was investigated. Mucin protein was also examined by HID-AB staining. The results showed that the expression of T antigen in rectal cancer was much ber than those in 10cm mucosa remote from carcinoma and no significant difference as compared with 5cm mucosa. The sialomucin reactions in 5cm and 10cm mucosa remote from carcinoma were 45% and 20% respectively. The coincident sialomucin positive reaction and expression of T antigen were found in 40% 5cm remote mucosa .There is significant correlation between them (Ｐ＜0.05). The authors conclude that the expression of tumorrelated antigen and change of mucin protein in remote mucosa without malignant invasion may suggest the malignant potential of the mucosa. Further investigations should be performed into the effect of these changes on the local recurrence after redical resection of rectal cancer.
Objective To observe the influence of the expression of CD18 on the neutrophile and the leukocyte adhesion to retinal vascular endothelium by hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1alpha;) in early diabetic retinopathy rats. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats received intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin to induce diabetes model. 18 diabetic rats were divided into 3 groups randomly after 2 months of diabetes induction, including diabetic group (group B), HIF-1alpha; anti-sense oligonucleotides (ASODN) injection group (group C) and HIF-1alpha; sense oligonucleotides (SODN) injection group (group D), the age and weigh matched health rats were chosen as control group (group A), with 6 rats in each group. Then group A and B rats received 5% glucose solution caudalis veins injection, group C and group D rats received HIF-1alpha; ASODN and HIF-1alpha; SODN caudalis veins injection, respectively(025 mg/kg).The level of CD18 on the neutrophil isolated from the peripheral blood was measured by flow cytometry. Retinal leukostasis was quantified with acridine orange leukocyte fluorography. Results The percentage of CD18 positive neutrophil cell was（44.93plusmn;3.60）% in group B，（18.66plusmn;1.52）% in group A，（31.66plusmn;4.72）% in group C，（51.00plusmn;5.66）% in group D. Compared with each other groups，the differences are statistically significant （F=42.46, Plt;0.001）. The number of positive staining cells of retinal leukocyte was （46.16plusmn;10.68）in group A，（133.83plusmn;20.43）in group B,（99.83plusmn;9.28）in group C，（121.33plusmn;10.23） in group C. Compared group B with group C，the number of positive staining cells raised about 2.89 times；compared group B with group C and D，the differences are statistically significant （P=0.12，95% confidence interval -3.69~28.69）. Conclusions In vivo, HIF-1alpha; can decreased the expression of CD18 on neutrophils from diabetic ratsprime; peripheral blood and the collection of retinal leukostasis in the diabetic animals. HIF-1alpha; may serve as a therapeutic target for the treatment and/or prevention of early diabetic retinopathy. （Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis，2008，24：268-271）
Objective To observe the expression of sperm protein (SP) 32/OY-TES-1 in retinoblastoma (RB).Methods Thirty paraffin specimens of pathologically confirmed RB eyeballs were investigated in this study. The SP32/OY-TES-1 mRNA expression of 15 RB tissues, 12 non-tumor retinal tissues and 22 normal eye tissues were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The SP32/OY-TES-1 protein expression of 30 RB tissues and 24 normal retinal tissues were examined by immunohistochemistry. The relationship between SP32/OY-TES-1 mRNA, protein expression and age, gender, tumor size, tumor differentiation, clinical stage of RB children were analyzed. Results The expression rate of SP32/OY-TES-1 mRNA in RB tissues, non-tumor retinal tissues and normal eye tissues were 86.7%, 16.7% and 36.4% respectively. Compared the expression rate of SP32/OY-TES-1 mRNA in different gender (chi;2=0.744)，age（chi;2=1.178），clinical stage(chi;2=1.188)，tumor size (chi;2=0.216)，tumor differentiation(chi;2=1.885)，the differences were not statistically significant (P＞0.05). The expression rate of SP32/OY-TES-1 protein in RB tissues was 73.3% and no expression in normal retinal tissues. Compared the expression rate of SP32/OY-TE-1 protein in different gender (chi;2=1.000)，agewith le;two years and ＞two years（chi;2=0.403），tumor size (chi;2=2.274)，tumor differentiation(chi;2=0.138), the differences were not statistically significant (P＞0.05); but in clinical stage (chi;2=6.193)，with or without optic nerve infiltration (chi;2=4.535), the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05). Conclusions SP32/OY-TES-1 is highly expressed in RB. The expression rate of SP32/OY-TES-1 is related to optic nerve infiltration and clinical stage of RB.
Objective To investigate the effects of gamma;-interferon (IFN-gamma; on the expression of costimulatory molecules B7-1 (CD80) and B7-2 (CD86) and Fas/FasL in human retina. Methods Nine human eyes were obtained from the eye-bank of Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center. Six eyes were used for making retinal wholemounts, and 12 retinal wholemounts from each eye were put into the 24-hole culture board which had 2ml DMEM/F12 culture medium in each hole. The wholemounts were divided into 3 groups whose concentration of IFN-gamma; was 0, 200, and 1000 U/ml respectively. After cultured in 37℃ culture box (95%O 2，5%CO 2) for 24 hours, the expressions of B7-1 (CD80), B7-2 (CD86), and Fas/FasL on these retinal wholemounts were detected by immunohistochemical method. The retinal wholemounts from 3 healthy people were detected by immunohistochemical method as the control. Results Expression of FasL but not B7-1, B7-2 or Fas was found in the control group, while the expression of B7-1, B7-2 and Fas and increased expression of FasL were found after cultured with IFN-gamma;. Conclusion IFN-gamma; may be involved in the occurrence of ocular immune response and induction of apoptosis via the stimulation of expression of costimulatory molecules and Fas/FasL, which plays an important role in the activation of T lymphocytes. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2006, 22: 117-119)
Objective To determine whether the vitreous cavity and the subretinal space of different species animals support the induction of immune deviation to soluble antigen and to observe its maintenance time. Methods Bovine serum albumin(BSA)was used as a soluble antigen and inoculated into the anterior chamber(AC),the vitreous cavity(VC)and subretinal space of different animals(rat,rabbit and monkey)respectively.Recipient animals were immunized with BSA and complete Freundrsquo;sadjuvant. Delayed-type hypersensitivity(DTH)was assessed by skin challenge.The maintenance time of deviant immune response was evaluated in the fixed time interval. Results All the animals receiving intraocular antigen inoculation did not display DTH reaction.The maintenance time of immune deviation after inoculation of antigen in different sites is (1)anterior chamber:70 days in rat,90 days in rabbit,320 days in monkey;(2)vitreous cavity:100 days in rat,１50 days in rabbit,360 days in monkey;(3)subretinal space:50 days in rat,70 days in rabbit,300 days in monkey. Conclusions The maintenance time of immune deviation varied with different species of animals and different intraocular compartment.The evolution of organisms is synchronous with that of immune system. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 1999, 15: 170-173)
Purpose To investigate whether experimental autoimmune uveitis can be induced equally in different rats by urea soluble fraction of bovine melanin-associated antigen(USF-BMAA),and,if so,difference among them. Methods Lewis rats,F344 rats,Wistar rats were immunized with USF-BMAA emulsified with complete Freud is adijuvant and Bordelella pertussis to induce experimental autoimmune uveitis.The animal models were investigated clinically and histopathologically and compared with each other. Rusults Experimental autoimmune uveitis could be induced in Lewis rats,F344 rats and Wistar rats with US-BMAA.Clinical and histopathalogical examination showed that bilateral ocular inflammation developed after immunization 9-13 days.Although inflammation was mainly located in anterior uvea,a mild focal choroiditis was noted in those with severe anterior inflammation.No inflammation was observed in the retina and pineal gland.Experimental autoimmune uveieis induced with USF-BMAA was similar to experimental autoimmune anterior uveitis incited with BMAA presented by other authors.Inflammation induced with USF-BMAA in F344 rats and in Lewis rats was quite similar in the severity and course of the model.But the inflammation was less in Wistar rats compared with that in Lewis rats and F344 rats. Conclusion Experimental autoimmune anterior uveitis was successfully induced with USF-BMAA in Lewis rats,F344 rats and Wistar rats.The difference with regard to the severity among these aminals were propably attributed to their genetic bankground. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1998,14:149-152)
Objective To study the expression of the fibronectin (FN) and beta;1 integrin (beta;1) in epiretinal membranes(ERM) of eyes with proliferative vitreoretinopathy(PVR). Methods wenty epiretinal membranes were obtained from eyes undergone vitrectomy for retinal detachment complicated with PVR and observed by immunohistochemical methods. Results Overexpression of FN and beta;1 were observed in 18 and 16 membranes respectively． Conclusion The synergism of FN and beta;1 in their action mignt be one of the important roles in the development of PVR. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2001,17:119-121)