Objective To analyze the prevalence of leukemia in China from 1990 to 2019, predict the incidence, morbidity and mortality of leukemia in China from 2020 to 2040, and provides reference for the formulation of leukemia-related prevention and treatment strategies in China. Methods Based on the 2019 Global Burden of Disease database, the incidence, morbidity and mortality data of leukemia in China from 1990 to 2019 were collected, and the rate of change and annual estimated percentage of change (EAPC) were used to describe the epidemic trend of the disease. The Autoregressive Moving Average (ARIMA) model was used to predict the prevalence of leukemia in China from 2020 to 2040. Results In 2019, the age-standardized incidence, age-standardized prevalence and age-standardized mortality rate of leukemia in China decreased by 17.62%, 10.97%, and 41.56%, respectively, compared with 1990, and an average annual decrease of 1.06%, 0.89%, and 2.05%, respectively (P<0.05). From 1990 to 2019, the reduction age-standardized incidence rate, age-standardized prevalence rate and age-standardized mortality rate in Chinese women (EAPC was 1.56%, 1.38%, and 2.62%, respectively) was higher than that of men (EAPC was 0.61%, 0.43%, and 1.59%, respectively). In 2019, the incidence and prevalence were highest in the age group under 5 years of age, and the mortality rate was the highest in the age group over 80 years old. The prediction results of ARIMA model showed that the age-standardized incidence rate and prevalence of leukemia in China showed an increasing trend from 2020 to 2040, while the age-standardized mortality rate showed a decreasing trend. It is estimated that by 2040, the age-standardized incidence rate, age-standardized prevalence rate, and age-standardized mortality rate of leukemia will be 14.06/100 000, 108.23/100 000, and 2.83/100 000. Conclusions From 1990 to 2019, the age-standardized incidence rate, age-standardized prevalence rate and age-standardized mortality rate of leukemia in China decreased year by year, but they were still at a high level. The prediction results show that the age-standardized incidence rate and age-standardized prevalence rate of leukemia in China will continue to increase from 2020 to 2040, and it is necessary to continue to strengthen the surveillance, prevention and control of leukemia in the future.
Objective To explore the relationship between the triglyceride glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI) and hypertension, type 2 diabetes, as well as their comorbidity, aiming to provide a scientific basis for the early identification and precise prevention of these three diseases. Methods This research collected data from subjects in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) database. According to the quartiles of TyG-BMI, the included subjects were divided into Q1 group, Q2 group, Q3 group, and Q4 group. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between the TyG-BMI and the three diseases separately. Further, a restricted cubic spline model was employed to investigate the potential non-linear dose-response relationship between the TyG-BMI index and the three diseases. Subgroup analysis was conducted using interaction tests to investigate whether there was an interaction between TyG-BMI and subgroup factors such as age and gender. Results A total of 4 847 participants were included. There were 1 212 cases in Q1 group, 1 212 cases in Q2 group, 1 211 cases in Q3 group, and 1 212 cases in Q4 group. The logistic regression results indicate that, after adjusting for all confounding factors, participants in the Q4 group had a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and comorbidity of hypertension and type 2 diabetes in Model 3 (P<0.05). The results from the restricted cubic spline model demonstrated a linear relationship between the TyG-BMI index and the risk of type 2 diabetes (P for non-linearity >0.05), while a non-linear relationship was observed with hypertension (P for non-linearity <0.05) and the comorbidity of hypertension and type 2 diabetes (P for non-linearity <0.05). Subgroup analysis using interaction tests showed that compared to the Q1 group, factors such as age, gender, smoking, alcohol consumption, and dyslipidemia in the Q2, Q3, and Q4 groups did not significantly alter the relationship between TyG-BMI and type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and their comorbidity. Overall, there was no significant interaction between TyG-BMI and factors like age, gender, smoking, alcohol consumption, and dyslipidemia (P for interaction >0.05). Conclusions In middle-aged and elderly populations, the higher the TyG-BMI, the greater the risk of hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and their comorbidity. The TyG-BMI could be considered an important indicator for the early identification of hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and their comorbidities.
ObjectiveTo explore the metabolic changes during the differentiation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes caused by the treatment of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4)-specific agonist GSK1016790A basing on ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry technology. MethodsMouse 3T3-L1 cells were treated with GSK1016790A at different concentrations (0.1, 1, and 10 μmol/L), and the effect of drugs on cell proliferation was detected by cell counting kit-8 method. A mature adipocyte model was constructed, and GSK1016790A was used to activate TRPV4 channel protein activity and verify the expression levels of TRPV4 and triglycerides. Cell metabolites were collected for metabolomic studies, differential metabolites were screened between groups, and related metabolic pathways were analyzed. Results After GSK1016790A intervened in mature adipocytes, the expression levels of TRPV4 mRNA and triglycerides in cells were significantly upregulated (P<0.05). Metabolomics detection found that GSK1016790A screened a total of 45 differential metabolites such as 2-amino-1,3,4-octadecanetriol, linoleic acid, sphingosine, sphinganine, sn-glycerol-3-phosphate and uridine, mainly involving 13 possible metabolic pathways such as sphingolipid metabolism and biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids. Conclusion GSK1016790A may promote adipogenesis in adipocytes by activating TRPV4 channel protein activity, and at the same time participate in regulating metabolic pathways such as the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids pathway and sphingolipid metabolism pathway, affecting lipid metabolism in adipocytes.
Objective To assess the burden of hypertensive nephropathy in China and the world from 1990 to 2021 and predict future trends. Methods Based on the Global Burden of Disease Database 2021, standardized prevalence, standardized mortality and standardized disability adjusted life year (DALY) rates were used to describe the burden of hypertensive nephropathy in China and the world from 1990 to 2021. Estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) and autoregressive integrated moving average model were used to reveal the trend of disease burden. Results From 1990 to 2021, the EAPCs of standardized prevalence, standardized mortality and standardized DALY rates of hypertensive nephropathy in China were −0.61% (−0.73%, −0.50%), −0.77% (−0.85%, −0.69%), and −1.00% (−1.09%, −0.91%), respectively. The global EAPCs for standardized prevalence, standardized mortality, and standardized DALY rates of hypertensive nephropathy were −0.16% (−0.18%, −0.13%), 0.97% (0.91%, 1.03%), and 0.63% (0.58%, 0.67%), respectively. The standardized prevalence rate, standardized mortality rate and standardized DALY rate of hypertensive nephropathy in China all showed a downward trend, and the global standardized prevalence rate also showed a downward trend, while the global standardized mortality rate and standardized DALY rate showed an upward trend, and the indicators of disease burden in China were lower than the global level. The standardized mortality rate and the standardized DALY rate of hypertensive nephropathy were higher in males than in females. With the increase of age, the disease burden indicators of hypertensive nephropathy in China and the world were on the rise, and the age of disease and death were concentrated in the age group over 65 years old. Renal dysfunction and hypertension were important risk factors for death in hypertensive nephropathy patients. It was estimated that from 2022 to 2040, the standardized prevalence rate and mortality rate of hypertensive nephropathy would be on the rise in China and the world, and the standardized DALY rate would be on the rise in the world, while in China it would be on the decline. Conclusions The burden of hypertensive nephropathy is heavy in China and the world from 1990 to 2021, and the control of hypertension and prevention of renal dysfunction should be strengthened. It is estimated that the standardized prevalence and mortality of hypertensive nephropathy will increase in China and the world from 2022 to 2040, and the disease burden will remain heavy.