Combined Small Cell Lung Cancer (C-SCLC) is a relatively rare type of lung cancer, which involves a combination of small cell carcinoma (SCLC) and any type of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) histological components. The incidence of C-SCLC is increasing, with a higher proportion of affected patients being male and having a history of smoking. Currently, the diagnosis of C-SCLC is mainly based on pathology, and the most common pathological types of the coexisting non-small cell carcinoma components are squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Several studies have identified EGFR, TP53, and RB1 gene mutations, as well as high expression of YAP1, are potential biomarkers of C-SCLC. Treatment options for C-SCLC include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy in combination. For early-stage C-SCLC, surgical resection is the most effective method, while for patients in the middle or late stages who miss the surgical opportunity, chemotherapy and radiotherapy offer the most benefit. Currently, immunotherapy and targeted therapy show certain potential in the treatment of C-SCLC patients.