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find Keyword "Cytomegalovirus" 21 results
  • Clinical manifestations of the initial-stage cytomegalovirus retinitis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients

    ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical manifestations of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS) patients with initial-stage cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis (CMVR).MethodsRetrospective case series study. From July 2017 to November 2019, 21 patients with 22 eyes of AIDS combined with CMVR in the initial stage of AIDS and CMVR diagnosed in the eye examination in the study. Among them, there were 19 males with 19 eyes and 2 females with 3 eyes; the average age was 34.3±9.6 years. The average CD4+ T lymphocyte count of patients was 26.1±23.2/μl. Routine fundus screening revealed 17 cases, and the contralateral eye disease was found in 4 cases. There were 13 cases of CMVR in both eyes (61.9%, 13/21). Among them, both eyes were in the initial stage of CMVR, and the contralateral eyes were in the early stage of CMVR in 12 cases. The contralateral eye included 2 cases of human immunodeficiency virus-related retinal microangiopathy, 1 case of optic disc edema, and 5 cases of no obvious abnormality on fundus examination. All patients underwent slit lamp microscopy and ultra-wide-angle fundus photography examination. At the same time, 18 eyes underwent optical coherence tomography (OCT). Blood CMV-DNA detection was performed in 17 cases within 1 week before the first diagnosis; aqueous CMV-DNA detection was performed in 7 eyes within 1 week after the first diagnosis. Within 1 week after the fundus examination, 8 eyes of 8 cases and 8 eyes of 7 cases were received and not received systemic anti-CMV treatment; the treatment status was unknown in 6 cases and 6 eyes. After treatment, 18 eyes of 17 cases were followed up. The follow-up time was 0.5-28 months.ResultsThere were no obvious abnormalities in the anterior segment examination of all the affected eyes; the vitreous body was transparent. The fundus lesions were less than 1 optic disc diameter (DD), and they were white granular, clustered, with blurred edges. Among them, there were granular satellite lesions around the lesion in 18 eyes (81.8%, 18/22). The lesions were located in 19 eyes (86.4%, 19/22) in zone 2, 1 eye in zone 1 and 2 (4.5%, 1/22), and 2 eyes in zone 3 (9.1%, 2/22). In 18 eyes that underwent OCT examination, 12 eyes failed to obtain image data because the lesion was not in the conventional scanning range; the other 6 eyes showed the inner or full retina thickened or atrophy depression, structural destruction, accompanied by local vitreous punctate strong reflection. Among the 17 patients who underwent blood CMV-DNA testing, 1 (5.9%, 1/17) and 16 (94.1%, 16/17) cases were CMV-DNA negative and positive, respectively. The 7 eyes that underwent the CMV-DNA test of aqueous humor were all negative. Among the 18 eyes who were followed up, the lesions did not expand, and gradually subsided and absorbed in 4 eyes (22.2%, 4/18); the varying degrees of lesion enlargement in 14 eyes (77.8%, 14/18).ConclusionThe patients with AIDS and CMVR at the initial stage have no obvious ocular symptoms; the fundus shows white granular lesions less than 1 DD with blurred edges.

    Release date:2021-08-19 04:11 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • Cytomegalovirus retinitis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

    Objective To evaluate the clinical features, diagnosis, and outcome of the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis, and the relationship between CMV retinitis and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Methods A total of 95 eyes of 56 patients with cytomegalovirus retinitis and AIDS were studied. The fundus feature, visual acuity and CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts were analyzed and the follow-up periods ranged from 2 weeks to 18 months. Results Before the definitive diagnosis of CMV retinitis, the courses of AIDS were 4 to 26 months in all patients. In the initial examination, the granular form of CMV retinal lesion was noted in 55 eyes (57%) in which retinal lesion of 46 eyes was peripheral. The fulminant form of CMV retinitis of 25 eyes (26%) was found in the posterior pole and consisted of densely opaque retinal lesions with blotchy hemorrhage and vasculitis. The overlap between these two presentations was noted in 15 eyes. Papillitis was observed in 7 eyes of CMV retinitis in this series of patients. The visual acuity ranged from finger counting to 0.5. The patients with extensive CMV retinitis or CMV retinitis in the posterior pole got poorer vision. The CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts of 30 patients was 0-30 (mean, 15±9/μl), and the survival time ranged from 2 weeks to 18 months (mean, 6.4±3.3 months). The vision was improved and CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts was significantly higher in the group treated with ganciclovir, and progression of CMV retinitis occured and the vision decreased in the non-treated group. Conclusion CMV retinitis is the most common intraocular complication in patients with AIDS. Diagnosis of CMV retinitis is based on the characteristic of necrotizing retinitis which was typically associated with retinal hemorrhage and vasculitis. Ganciclovir is effective for the treatment of CMV retinitis. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2002, 18: 89-91)

    Release date:2016-09-02 06:01 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • Clinical features of cytomegalovirus retinitis-associated uveitis in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

    ObjectiveTo observe the clinical features of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis (CMVR)-related uveitis after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).MethodsA retrospective clinical study. From October 2015 to May 2020, 14 cases of 21 eyes of CMVR patients with CMVR after HSCT confirmed by the ophthalmological examination of The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University were included in the study. Among them, there were 5 males with 8 eyes and 9 females with 13 eyes. The average age was 35.12±12.24 years old. All the affected eyes were examined by slit lamp microscope combined with front lens and fundus color photography. At the same time, fluorescein fundus angiography (FFA) was performed to examine 10 eyes of 5 cases; 3 cases of 3 eyes were examined for inflammatory cytokines in aqueous humor. All eyes received intravitreal injection of ganciclovir; patients with a history of systemic CMV infection received intravenous infusion of ganciclovir/foscarnet. The retinal lesions in the eye were completely resolved or the aqueous CMV-DNA was negative as a cure for CMVR. The uveitis symptoms, signs, FFA manifestations and the test results of inflammatory factors in aqueous humor before and after the CMVR cure was observed. The follow-up time after CMVR was cured was 3-42 months, and the average follow-up time was 14.28±13.12 months.ResultsAll eyes with CMVR were diagnosed with retrocorneal dust and/or stellate keratic precipitates (KP), anterior chamber flare and cells, and varying degrees of vitreous flocculent opacity; the retina was typical of a mixture of hemorrhage and yellow-white necrosis like "scrambled eggs with tomatoes". After CMVR was cured, there were 16 eyes (71.4%, 10/14) in 10 cases with KP, anterior chamber flare, cell and vitreous opacity. FFA examination revealed that the majority of retinal leakage during the active period of CMVR was necrotic foci and surrounding tissues; after CMVR was cured, the majority of retinal leakage was the retina and blood vessels in the non-necrotic area. The test results of inflammatory factors in aqueous humor showed that interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and vascular endothelial cell adhesion molecules were significantly increased in the active phase of CMVR; after 3 months of CMVR cured, inflammatory factors did not increase significantly.ConclusionCMVR-associated uveitis after HSCT show as chronic panuveitis, with no obvious eye congestion, KP, anterior chamber flare, cell and vitreous opacity, and retinal vessel leakage which could exist for a long time (>3 months).

    Release date:2021-08-19 04:11 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • Treatment outcomes of reduced-dose intravitreal ganciclovir for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients with cytomegalovirus retinitis

    ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of reduced-dose intravitreal ganciclovir for the treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients with cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR).MethodsA prospective observational cohort study observed 15 AIDS patients (28 eyes) who suffered from CMVR onset between January 2016 and December 2018 at Nanning Aier Eye Hospital. Among this 28 eyes, BCVA of 6 eyes (21.4%) were between moving hand to counting finger, 15 eyes (53.6%) were between 0.02 to 0.1 and 7 eyes were better than 0.1 (25.0%). All eyes received intravitreal injection 0.1 ml of ganciclovir at 4 mg/ml (contain ganciclovir 0.4 mg). The induction regimen was twice weekly for 2 weeks and a maintenance period of the same dose weekly. The mean number of injections was 7.1±1.7 times. For hospitalized patients who had no contraindicated received a 14-day twice daily intravenous ganciclovir (IVG) 5.0 mg/kg·d until complete resolution of CMVR. All patients were divided into intravitreal ganciclovir (IVTG) group and IVTG+IVG group according to different treatment plans, which were 5 cases with 8 eyes and 10 cases with 20 eyes, respectively. The follow-up was more than 6 months. BCVA, complete resolution or stable of the lesion and complications were observed.ResultsSix months later, 20 eyes (71.4%) had a obvious reduced or disappeared of the anterior chamber and vitreous inflammation, and the retinal lesions became stable or complete resolution. 24 eyes showed improvements of BCVA and 4 eyes showed stable. 2 eyes (7.1%) presented with BCVA ≤ counting finger, 7 eyes (25.0%) were 0.02 - 0.1 and 19 eyes were ≥ 0.1 (67.9%). Compared with before treatment, the ratio of BCVA that less than or equal to counting finger and between 0.02 to 0.1 decreased (21.4% vs 7.1% and 53.6% vs 25.0%, respectively), but the ratio of BCVA better than 0.1 increased (25.0% vs 67.9%). When IVTG+IVG group was compared with IVTG group, the average time-to-resolution of CMVR were 83.2±25.2 and 85.3±24.4 days respectively. There was no significant difference in resolution times (Z=0.17, P=0.87). The ratio of retinal lesions became stable or complete resolution were 75.0% (15 eyes) and 62.5% (5 eyes), there was no evident difference in time-to-resolution between the two groups (F=0.42, P=0.51). No recurrence was seen during the follow-up period. In cases of unilateral CMVR, there were no patients with a second eye involvement during the follow-up period. No endophthalmitis, vitreous hemorrhage, retinal detachment were found in our study.ConclusionReduced-dose intravitreal ganciclovir is a safe and effective treatment option for CMVR.

    Release date:2020-05-19 02:20 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • Regime for cytomegalovirus retinitis based on aqueous virology and inflammatory cytokine determination

    ObjectiveTo observe the safety and efficacy of regime that based on aqueous cytomegalovirus-DNA (CMV-DNA) load and IL-8 determination for therapeutic monitoring and local treatment cessation of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR) patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).MethodsA prospective case series study. A total of 14 CMVR patients (22 eyes) after allogeneic HSCT diagnosed in Ophthalmology Department of Peking University People's Hospital between January 2016 and December 2018 were involved in this study. All patients were CMV-DNA seronegative at baseline and were treated with intravitreous injection of ganciclovir (IVG, 3 mg in 0.05 ml) twice per week for 4 times in the induction stage and once a week in the maintenance stage. Aqueous humor sample was collected during the first time of IVG every week. CMV-DNA and the level of IL-8 were measured by real time quantitative PCR and ELISA, respectively. During follow-up, negative CMV-DNA (<103/ml) or level of IL-8<30 pg/ml in aqueous sample was set as local treatment cessation. Then patients were followed every 2 weeks for at least 6 months. BCVA, intraocular pressure and fundus examination were taken for each visit. The BCVA examination was performed using the international standard visual acuity chart, which was converted into logMAR visual acuity. BCVA and intraocular pressure at the baseline and the last follow-up were compared by the Student t matching test.ResultsOf the 14 CMVR patients (22 eyes) after allogeneic HSCT, 8 patients (16 eyes) were bilateral, 6 patients (6 eyes) were unilateral. At the baseline, the mean logMAR BCVA was 0.814±0.563, the intraocular pressure was 17.2±7.8 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), the mean aqueous CMV-DNA load was (3.43±4.96)×105/ml, the mean level of IL-8 was 518±541 pg/ml. At cessation of local treatment, the median number of intravitreal injections was 5 times. Nine eyes showed negative CMV-DNA in aqueous humor, of which, 7 eyes showed negative IL-8 in aqueous. CMV-DNA could still be detected in 13 eyes, while IL-8 was negative. Only one eye’s retinal lesion was completely quiet. Six months after local treatment cessation, the mean logMAR BCVA was 0.812±0.691, the intraocular pressure was 14.8±5.4 mmHg; which was not significantly different from baseline (t=-0.107, 1.517; P=0.916, 0.137). Recurrence of CMVR happened in only 1 eye because of systemic EB virus infection. Retinal lesions progressively improved and became completely quiet in all the remaining 20 eyes. In 22 eyes, iatrogenic vitreous hemorrhage occurred due to low platelet count during treatment (<30×109/ml) in 4 eyes. When the treatment was terminated for 6 months, the fundus of hematoma absorption was clearly visible. At the time of CMVR diagnosis, there were 2 eyes (9%) with posterior subcapsular opacity, which may be caused by systemic glucocorticoid therapy after allogeneic HSCT.ConclusionAqueous CMV-DNA load and level of IL-8 could be used as quantitative variables for monitoring the therapeutic effect and determining time for local treatment cessation for CMVR after HSCT safely and efficiently.

    Release date:2020-02-18 09:28 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • Clinical analysis of 29 cases with pneumonia in renal transplant recipients and literature review

    Objective To investigate the clinical features of pnuemonia in renal transplant recipients in order to improve the clinical diagnostic and treatment efficacy.Methods The clinical data of 29 recipients with pneumonia following renal transplantation in Peking University People’s Hospital from January 1,1999 to July 31,2006 were collected and analyzed retrospectively.Results Of the 29 cases with pneumonia,one case(3.4%,1/29)were diagnosed as nosocomial acquired pneumonia and twenty eight cases(96.6%,28/29)as community acquired pneumonia.Of the total,cytomegalovirus (CMV) pneumonia were validated in 19 cases, bacteria pneumonia in 10 cases, fungus pneumonia in 3 cases,and Pneumocystis Carini infection in one case while none pathogen were confirmed in 5 cases with pneumonia.37.5%(9/24)cases with pneumonia which pathogen were ascertained were resulted from multiple pathogen infection.Opportunistic organism is the main pathogen of pneumonia in renal transplant recipients and the disease commonly manifested as interstitial pneumonia. 27 cases(93.1%)developed to severe pneumonia in which 15 cases were deteriorated to acute respiratory distress syndrome.Excluding 5 cases who withdrew from the hospital,4 cases (16.7%,4/24)died and 20(83.3%,20/24) cases were cured.During the second to the sixth month especially the second to the thrid month after renal transplantation the recipients were at higher-risk of pneumonia.Conclusions The majority of pneumonia in kidney recipients were severe community acquired pneumonia caused by multiple pathogens.CMV pneumonia and bacteria pneumonia are the most common types and major causes of mortality.Mortality of fungus pneumonia and CMV pneumonia are highest.Proper diagnostic procedures and therapeutic strategies are critical to improve survival rate.

    Release date:2016-09-14 11:52 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • Detection of cytomegalovirus by polymerase chain reaction in aqueous samples from patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome

    ObjectiveTo analyze the sensitivity and specificity of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests in the detection of cytomegalovirus (CMV) in the diagnosis of patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), using aqueous humor samples. Methods25 AIDS patients (including 21 men and 4 women) were studied. The age of the patients varied from 24 to 59 years, with an average of (39.2±9.3) years. The CD4+ T cell count was from 1 to 523 cells/μl, with a medium of 40 cells/μl. They were infected with human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)for a period from 15 days to 9 years with a median of 10 months. They were divided into three groups according to the fundus and treatment, including untreated cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR), treated CMVR and control group. There were 10 patients without anti-CMV treatment and 7 patients treated previously with foscarnet or ganciclovir whose eyes were diagnosed CMVR. Control group has 8 patients who had normal fundus or minor retinopathy excluded from CMVR. Approximately 100 μl of aqueous humor was obtained by anterior-chamber paracentesis and PCR was performed in all cases. ResultsThere were CMV DNA in 9 of 10 eyes with untreated CMVR (90.0% sensitivity). Of 7 specimens from eyes with treated CMVR, 3 were CMV PCR positive (42.9% sensitivity). All 8 samples of the control group were negative for CMV DNA, indicating the clinical specificity of our PCR was greater than 99.9% for CMVR. The anterior chamber paracentesis did not cause any complications in our patients except for a patient with subconjunctival hemorrhage. ConclusionsThe assay had an estimated sensitivity of 90.0% in detecting untreated CMVR and a sensitivity of 42.9% in detecting CMVR that had been treated. The specificity of this assay was greater than 99.9%.

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  • Comparative analysis for the fundus characteristics of acquired immune deficiency syndrome with cytomegalovirus retinitis between first-visit and non-first-visit in ophthalmology

    ObjectiveTo comparatively analyze for the fundus characteristics of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) with cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR) between first-visit and non-first-visit in ophthalmology.MethodsA retrospective study was performed for 22 patients (41 eyes) diagnosed as CMVR with AIDS by ophthalmology in the Affiliated Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from July 2004 to September 2017. The patients were divided into two groups: one with the first-visit in ophthalmology (FVO) and the other with the first-visit in non-ophthalmology (FVNO). All patients underwent visual acuity, intraocular pressure, slit lamp microscope and indirect ophthalmoscope examinations. Thirty-nine eyes of 21 patients with clear refractive media were examined by color fundus photography, of which 5 patients were examined by FFA. Five patients examined by OCT and B-mode ultrasound. The CMVR were characterized as fulminant type or indolent type. All the 22 patients (41 eyes) except 2 patients (4 eyes) accepted highly active antiroviral therapy, and all patients were treated with ganciclovir intravenously. Nine patients (12 eyes) received intravitreal injection of ganciclovir, 7 patients (10 eyes) underwent vitrectomy because of retinal detachment, 6 patients (7 eyes) gave up surgery because of extensive retinal detachment, and the other 12 eyes did not undergo any eye surgery. All patients were followed for 6-58 months (average 23±39 months). The incidences and fundus characteristics of the patients with fulminant or indolent CMVR were compared and analyzed. Between the two groups, the difference of visual acuity and CD4+T cell count at the first vist and the last follow-up were analyzed by a t-test, and the macular involvement and spread of the two groups were compared by a chi-square test.ResultsFulminant CMVR showed dense yellow-white necrotic lesions along the great vessels with or without satellite lesions, while indolent CMVR showed sparse yellow-white granular lesions with a little bleeding. The concomitant signs included frost-like dendritic vascular sheath, retinal artery occlusion and optic disc edema. Fourteen eyes of 7 patients in FVO group were fulminant, including 2 patients (2 eyes) with retinal artery occlusion and 1 patient (two eyes) with optic disc edema. In FVNO group, there were 27 eyes of 15 patients, including 21 eyes of 13 cases identified as fulminant type and 6 eyes of 4 patients as indolent type. In the fulminant type, there were 4 patients (6 eyes) with frost-like dendritic vascular sheath, 10 patients (12 eyes) with retinal artery occlusion and 4 patients (4 eyes) with optic disc edema. There was no significant difference in initial visual acuity (t=-1.534, P=0.133), but there was a significant difference in visual acuity at the last follow-up (t=-3.420, P=0.001). There was no significant difference in CD4+ T cells between the two groups at the first visit (t=-0.902, P=0.378). The proportions of macular involvement and 3-4 quadrant involvement in FVO group were significantly higher than those in FVNO group (χ2=7.552, 7.865; P=0.006, 0.005).ConclusionFor AIDS patients with CMVR, the first-visit in ophthalmology showed more dense necrotic lesions involving macular and a wider range of lesions than the first-visit in non-ophthalmology.

    Release date:2020-03-18 02:34 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • Changes of aqueous cytomegalovirus DNA in patients with cytomegalovirus retinitis after allogeneic bone marrow hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

    ObjectiveTo observe aqueous cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA load in patients with cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (Allo-HSCT), and to explore influencing factors for transient elevation of CMV-DNA load during the treatment. MethodsA retrospective study. From January 2016 to July 2020, 28 eyes of 19 patients with CMVR after Allo-HSCT diagnosed in the Department of Ophthalmology of Peking University People's Hospital were included in the study. Among them, there were 8 males with 12 eyes, 11 females with 16 eyes; the mean age was 28 years; 10 patients were unilateral and 9 patients were bilateral. During the course of treatment and follow-up, the blood CMV-DNA remained negative. All patients were treated with intravitreal injection of 60 mg/ml ganciclovir 0.05 ml (containing ganciclovir 3 mg), twice a week for two weeks in induction phase and weekly injection in maintenance phase. Aqueous humor sample was collected during injection of ganciclovir (IVG) and CMV-DNA load was determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Intravitreal treatment was terminated if aqueous CMV-DNA load turned negative after the fourth or later intravitreal injection. The patients were followed up every 2 weeks for at least 6 months. Serum CMV-DNA was negative in all patients during treatment and follow-up. All the eyes were divided into continuous decline group and non-continuous decline group depending on whether there was transient elevation of aqueous CMV-DNA load, and data between two groups were compared. Pearson linear regression analysis was used to analyze the correlation between aqueous CMV-DNA load and injection times or treatment duration. ResultsAt the end of treatment, the median number of IVG in the affected eye was 7 (4, 9). The results of correlation analysis showed that the aqueous humor CMV-DNA load of the affected eye was related to the number of treatments [R2=0.385, P<0.000 1, B=-0.237 log10 copies/(ml · time)], and the duration of treatment [R2=0.394, P <0.000 1, B=-0.301 log10 copies/(ml · week)] were negatively correlated. Among the 28 eyes, 13 eyes (46.4%, 13/28) in the continuous decline group and 15 eyes (53.6%, 15/28) in the non-sustained decline group. Baseline visual acuity (t=-1.223), intraocular pressure (t=1.538), aqueous humor CMV-DNA load (t=-0.109), retinitis lesion area (Z=-0.308) in the continuous decline group and the non-continuous decline group), the number of quadrants involved (Z=-0.024) and whether the macula was involved (Z=-1.826), combined with anterior segment inflammation (Z =-0.499), combined with high intraocular pressure (Z=-1.342), terminal visual acuity (t =-0.845), intraocular pressure (t=-0.068), total IVG times (Z=0.907), age (Z=-0.832), gender composition (Z=-1.074), etc. The difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). ConclusionThe CMV-DNA load in aqueous humor decreases by about 50% every week during the treatment of CMVR eyes after Allo-HSCT; the transient increase in the CMV-DNA load in the aqueous humor during treatment does not affect the treatment process and clinical prognosis.

    Release date:2022-06-16 09:26 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • The image characteristics of optical coherence tomography in patients of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome with cytomegalovirus retinitis

    ObjectiveTo observe the image characteristics of OCT in patients of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) with cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR).MethodsThirty-nine eyes of 26 patients of AIDS with CMVR diagnosed in Department of ophthalmology of Beijing Ditan Hospital Capital Medical University from January 2015 to December 2017 were included in this study. All the patients were males, with the mean age of 33.12±9.87 years. All the patients underwent the OCT examination by Spectralis HRA+OCT. The locations of scanning were macular, optical papilla and posterior pole of retina with retinitis. Typical images were saved and analyzed.ResultsThe OCT pathological changes of CMVR included increase of retinal thickness and reflex of retina, indiscernible retinal layers, irregularity or absent external limiting membrane and/or ellipsoid zone, hyperreflective spots, vitreous cells. Among 39 eyes, there were 6 eyes with strong point-like reflection in the outer layer of retina around the lesion, 31 eyes (79.49%) with strong point-like reflection in the full layer of retina, 25 eyes (64.10%) with lesion involved macular area, 34 eyes (87.17%) with vitreous cells.ConclusionsOCT images of the eyes with AIDS with CMVR were characterized by lesions involving the whole retina. Absent ellipsoid zone or structural changes can be seen in the affected areas and peripheral areas of the lesion.

    Release date:2020-02-18 09:28 Export PDF Favorites Scan
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