ObjectiveTo investigate the causal relationship between 731 kinds of immune cells and positive-human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER+), negative-human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER–), negative-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2–) breast cancer. MethodsGenome-wide association data for immune cells and breast cancer were used, and using inverse variance weighting as the primary analytical method, and Cochran’s Q test, Mendelian randomization (MR)-Egger regression, and leave-one-out were used to verify the reliability of the resulting data. ResultsFor HER+ breast cancer, CD3 on CD39+CD4+T cell [IVW: OR=0.940, 95%CI (0.913, 0.968), P<0.01], ratio of CD4–CD8–T cell [IVW: OR=0.906, 95%CI (0.857, 0.958), P<0.01], and CD3 on secreting CD4 regulatory T cell [IVW: OR=0.948, 95%CI (0.918, 0.979), P=0.01] were protective factors. For HER– breast cancer, no immune cell phenotype was found to be correlated with it. For HER2– breast cancer, CD3 on CD39+CD4+ T cell [IVW: OR=0.951, 95%CI (0.930, 0.973), P<0.01], CD3 on secreting CD4 regulatory T cell [IVW: OR=0.949, 95% CI (0.925, 0.974), P<0.01] were protective factors. ConclusionThere is a causal association between certain immune cell phenotypes and breast cancer, which may be a predictive marker for early diagnosis of breast cancer and development of new immunotherapies.
ObjectiveTo summarize and analyze the application of ex vivo liver resection and autotransplantation (ELRA) in the treatment of hepatobiliary diseases. MethodThe related literature about ELRA used to treat various hepatobiliary space-occupyingdiseases at home and abroad in recent years was comprehensively searched and summarized. ResultsELRA had overcome the limitations of limited operational space in traditional surgery for the treatment of hepatobiliary space-occupying diseases reduced dependence on donor livers, and avoided post-transplant rejection. It had been applied in the treatment of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis, liver cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, and rare liver space-occupying diseases. ConclusionsWith the maturation of ELRA techniques and the continuous improvement of ex vivo liver perfusion technology, along with rigorous preoperative evaluation and meticulous postoperative management, postoperative complications of ELRA have significantly decreased compared to the initial stages of its application. By strictly adhering to surgical indications, this procedure is expected to be used treatment in an increasing number of hepatobiliary space-occupying diseases.