Unprocessed red meat and processed meat consumption: dietary guideline recommendations from the NutriRECS consortium is based on five high quality systematic reviews that were developed using the nutritional recommendations guideline development process. The guideline develop recommendations primarily focus on participant important health outcomes (such as the incidence of cancer, cardiovascular disease and mortality) related to the consumption of red and processed meats. Based on the estimated average weekly intake of these meats (3 to 4 servings/week) in North America and Western Europe, the panel suggests that adults continue their current unprocessed red meat and processed meat consumption. The present paper interprets the guideline.
Objective To systematically review current status of Chinese DRIs, and compare the similarities and differences between Chinese and global DRIs, so as to provide references for regulating Chinese DRIs. Methods Such database as PubMed, ISI Web of knowledge, The Cochrane Library, CBM, WanFang Data, CNKI and VIP were electronically searched from inception to May 31st, 2013. The reviewers independently screened studies according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracted data. Then, descriptive analysis was performed for basic information of literature, formulation of different DRIs, and DRIs distribution by different ages. Results Initially, a total of 588 articles were retrieved, 42 of which were finally included, involving 14 guidelines, 12 systematic reviews (SRs), and 16 original studies. The results showed that, WHO guidelines and global systematic reviews focused on iron and fat-soluble vitamins (A and D); the original studies in China focused not only on iron and vitamin A but also on protein, calcium, zinc, and selenium. The included guidelines focused mainly on population aged 3-18 years old and pregnant women; and except for those two kinds of population, SRs also paid attention to adults aged more than 18 years. The original studies of Chinese DRIs were concerned about all kinds of population, mainly focused adults aged 18-45 years and school children aged 6-12 years. Among 16 included original studies, 4 were concerned about men and 2 about women. Conclusion Chinese DRIs need urgent updates and supplement. As the largest developing country, China has different disease burdens, consumption levels, dietary patterns, nutrients’ content, and security levels, compared with developed countries and other developing countries. To develop evidence-based Chinese DRIs that are suitable for native health and Chinese local conditions, we should drawing lessons from the currently available best DRIs standards, methods and evidence based on Chinese actual conditions, disease burden, and expert opinion.
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the world. The influence of diet on atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) should not be underestimated. In 2022, the American College for Preventive Cardiology (ASPC) issued guidelines, which emphasized the importance of changing dietary patterns for the prevention of ASCVD and its risk factors, recommended the best diet for ASCVD prevention, and discussed dietary recommendations for ASCVD prevention in special populations. This paper interprets this guideline, aiming to provide help for clinical practice.
Objective This study employs Mendelian randomization analysis to explore the causal relationship between dietary habits and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). MethodsWe obtained data from the MRC-IEU database on five dietary habits as instrumental variables for exposure "never eating dairy products" "never eating eggs or foods containing eggs" "never eating sugar or foods/drinks containing sugar" "never eating wheat products" and "I eat all of the above". Summary data related to SLE were retrieved from the MRC-IEU database for the discovery cohort (designated as MSLE) and from a Finnish database for the validation cohort (recorded as FSLE). Two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses were conducted using inverse variance weighting (IVW), MR-Egger, weighted median, Simple Mode, and Weighted Mode methods to investigate the causal relationship between dietary habits and SLE. The MR-Egger intercept test was performed to assess the presence of horizontal pleiotropy, while the leave-one-out method was employed to verify the stability of the results, with Cochran’s Q test and funnel plots used to evaluate heterogeneity. ResultsMendelian randomization analysis indicated that never eating wheat products increases the risk of developing SLE (IVW: P<0.05). In contrast, there was no significant causal relationship between the consumption of dairy products, eggs or foods containing eggs, or the consumption of all of the above with SLE (IVW: P>0.05). Additionally, there was no significant causal relationship between never sugar or foods/drinks containing sugar and MSLE (IVW: P=0.877), although a potential causal association with FSLE was suggested (IVW: P=0.016). The MR-Egger intercept test indicated no evidence of horizontal pleiotropy (P>0.05). ConclusionNever eating wheat products may be an independent risk factor for SLE. However, the causal relationship between never sugar or foods/drinks containing sugar and SLE remains indeterminate.
Osteosarcopenia (OS), which has become a global public health problem, is a geriatric syndrome in which sarcopenia and osteoporosis co-exist, leading to falls, fractures, and even varying degrees of disability in the elderly. The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) is a tool to measure the overall level of dietary inflammation in an individual, and the DII score is closely associated with the development of OS. This article reviews the basic concepts of DII and OS and their interrelationships, focusing on the associations between diet, inflammation, DII and OS, with the aim of providing a reference for dietary interventions in the prevention and control of OS patients.
Objective To overview the systematic review (SR) of the effects of dietary pattern intervention during pregnancy on pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods The Cochrane Library, The Joanna Briggs Institute Library, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, CBM, CNKI, WanFang Data, and VIP databases were electronically searched to collect SR and meta-analysis on the effects of different dietary patterns on maternal and infant outcomes of gestational diabetes mellitus from inception to October 1, 2024. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data, and then AMSTAR 2 tool was used to assess the methodological quality of included studies. Meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.3 software. Results A total of 15 relevant SR were included, the methodological quality of the included SR was generally low, with 3 SR at a low level and 12 SR at a very low level. Major dietary patterns included the low glycemic index (GI) diet, carbohydrate (CHO) restricted diet, energy restricted diet, dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet, high-fiber diet, polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) rich diet, soy protein-enriched diet, low glycemic load (GL) diet, and mediterranean diet. A meta-analysis of primary outcome measures showed that the low GI diet, DASH diet and low GL load diet had a lower incidence of blood glucose levels and adverse pregnancy outcomes (including maternal weight gain, insulin use, cesarean section, macrosomia) compared with the control diets. Conclusion It was recommended that GDM pregnant women follow the low GI diet, DASH diet, or low GL diet to control blood glucose levels and improve pregnancy outcomes. There is currently insufficient evidence to support the effects of other dietary patterns on GDM.
Objective The effectiveness of systematic identification, description and evaluation of dietary sugar reduction strategies through the evidence diagram method. Methods The CNKI, WanFang Data, VIP, CBM, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library database were electronically searched to collect systematic reviews/meta-analysis on the effectiveness of dietary sugar reduction strategies from inception to November 10, 2022, AMSTAR-2 was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the included studies. Microsoft Excel 2019 was used to design a data extraction table to extract relevant key information. Bubble charts were used to comprehensively present information such as study population, intervention type, number of primary studies included, and outcome measures. Results A total of 11 papers were included, all of which were systematic reviews/meta-analysis. The studies included ten interventions. Among them, the research ending of behavioral changes strategies, healthy diet, sugar tax, material substitution, sugar label, and community intervention showed obvious effectiveness, while social cognitive models, sugar reduction guidelines, health literacy, and knowledge attitude behavior models had not shown a clear and beneficial effect, indicating that the intervention effect on the theoretical basis was very small. Conclusion The current evidence diagram shows that the sugar reduction strategy is effective, but there are also intervention conclusions that the effectiveness of the conclusion is not clear and intervention blank. And based on the theoretical dietary sugar reduction strategy, the validity evidence is relatively scarce. In the future, high quality research will still be required.
ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between the diet during pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and analyze the effect of GDM on weight gain, outcome and complication of mother and infant. MethodsWe selected 128 GDM pregnant women and 267 non-GDM pregnant women who were investigated by semi-quantitative food frequency method during September 2009 to March 2011. Then, we collected relevant information and the data were analyzed by t-test and chi-square test. ResultsThere were statistically significant differences between the two groups in total calorie, carbohydrate, fat and protein intakes per day (P<0.05). In general, the rates of insufficient weight gain and excessive weight gain during pregnancy in the GDM group were significantly higher than the non-GDM group (P<0.05), while proper weight gain rate was significantly lower (P<0.01). The risk of hydramnion, intrahepatic cholestasis and pregnancy-induced hypertension in the GDM group was significantly higher than the non-GDM group (P<0.05), while there was no significant difference between the two groups in premature delivery, cesarean section or premature membrane ruptures (P>0.05). Apgar scores were significantly different at minute 1 and 5 between the infants in the two groups (P<0.05). The incidence of fetal death, malformation, mild neonatal asphyxia and fetal macrosomia in the GDM group was significantly higher than the non-GDM group (P<0.05). No significant differences between the two groups in low birth weight infant, cord entanglement and fetal distress were detected (P>0.05). ConclusionGDM can lead to high incidence of poor outcome and complication. It is vital to strengthen the examination and keep balanced dietary structure, in order to reduce the complication and improve the health of mother and child.
ObjectiveTo review guidelines on diet intervention for hypertension, compare the similarities/differences and the regularity of the guidelines, discuss the prevention and treatment effects of diet intervention for hypertension, promote the understanding of the guide, and to explore the best method of diet intervention for hypertension. MethodsDatabase such as CNKI, EMbase, PubMed, etc., as well as guideline websites were searched from inception to February 28th, 2014, for collecting guidelines on diet intervention in the prevention and treatment of hypertension. The Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE Ⅱ) were applied to assess methodological quality of the guidelines. Characteristics of diets recommended by the guidelines were analyzed through comparing the different regions and quality levels of the guidelines. ResultsA total of 27 guidelines on diet intervention for hypertension were included. They were formulated by 5 continents, 9 countries, 2 regions (Taiwan of China and Europe), and 1 international organization (WHO). According to the AGREE Ⅱ instrument, 13 guidelines were graded as Level A (recommendation) and 14 were graded as Level B (recommended after changes), respectively. The domains were more than 60% except for "rigor of development" (57.89±7.71)% and "applicability" (58.39±6.29)%. Each guideline recommended low sodium diet (usually:5 to 6 g/d; Oceania:4 g/d; North America:the amount of sodium intake should be decreased as age increases). The amount of alcohol intake was generally 30 mL/d for men and 20 mL/d for women. All included guidelines recommended to increase the intake of fruits, vegetables, and potassium. ConclusionCurrently, more than half of diet intervention recommendations for hypertension in different countries and regions are still needs to be improved and modified. Diet recommendations differ in regions, gender, and age.