Objective To investigate constitution and costs of inpatients with circulation system diseases in Karamay Central Hospital in 2014 and provide baseline data for further evidence-based pharmacy studies of circulation system single disease. Methods The information of drug use and expenditure of circulation system diseases were collected from the hospital information system (HIS). We analyzed the data of frequency, constituent ratio and cumulative frequency by using Excel 2007 software. Results A total of 2 898 inpatients with circulation system diseases were included. The top three diseases were cerebral infarction, angina and hypertension. The cerebral infarction and coronary heart disease accounted for the largest proportion in the cost. The top one disease of total hospitalization cost, drug expense per capita and inspection cost per capita was cerebral infraction. Conclusion Based on the above results, cerebral infraction and angina were selected as the evidence-based pharmacy study goal of single disease.
ObjectiveTo understand the current status of research methods in disease burden systematic reviews, identify limitations and shortcomings of existing research methods, and provide suggestions to address relevant issues. MethodsA computer search of the PubMed database was conducted to collect systematic reviews on disease burden, with search limits set from database inception to December 21, 2023. Two independent researchers utilized Endnote 20 for literature screening and Excel 2019 for data extraction and descriptive analysis. ResultsA total of 216 articles were included in the review, revealing a year-on-year increase in the number of systematic reviews on disease burden since 2004. The journal PharmacoEconomics published the most articles (n=22), while research on certain infectious diseases and parasitic infections was the most prevalent (n=51). Only 31 articles provided a complete account of the entire systematic review process. The reporting rates for inclusion/exclusion criteria, information retrieval, literature screening, and statistical analysis steps were all 100%. However, the rate of protocol registration was relatively low at 19%. Eighty-eight percent of the articles utilized software such as Excel and Epidata for data extraction, yet only 32% adhered to the reproducibility principles outlined in AMSTAR-2. In terms of quality assessment, 105 articles underwent evaluation, with the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist and Newcastle-Ottawa scale being the most commonly used quality assessment tools for epidemiological studies, while economic studies preferred the Drummond checklist (n=9). Regarding the details of inclusion/exclusion criteria, only 53% of studies reported their study design in detail, and less than one-sixth provided a comprehensive description of the interventions and control measures. Statistical analyses predominantly employed qualitative methods (80%), with quantitative analyses comprising a minority (20%), all of which were conducted using meta-analysis techniques, primarily utilizing R software (n=15). ConclusionThe number of systematic reviews on disease burden has shown a yearly increasing trend; however, most studies have failed to comprehensively adhere to the fundamental processes of systematic reviews, significantly limiting their quality. Currently, the primary issues include a lack of protocol registration, incomplete supplementary searches, mismatched quality assessment tools, and insufficiently comprehensive outcome measures. To address these challenges, it is essential to develop a methodological guideline for systematic reviews on disease burden that incorporates these concerns. Such a guideline would standardize researchers' practices and ensure strict adherence to systematic review methodologies, thereby enhancing the scientific rigor of the research and its support for clinical decision-making.
Objective To get known about the disease burden and quality of life (QOL) of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in China by conducting a systematic review. Methods The observational studies about the disease burden and QOL of RA in China were systematically searched in the following databases: CNKI, CBM, VIP, WanFang Data, MEDLINE/Pub Med, EMbase, and Science Citation Index. The retrieval time was from January 1st, 1990 to July 31st, 2010. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the literature was screened, the data were extracted, and the methodological quality of the included studies was assessed. The morbidity of RA was pooled by adopting generic inverse variance model, the meta-analyses on 8 dimensions of SF-36 life quality score (LQS) was conducted by suing RevMan5.0 software, the weighted mean difference (WMD) was regarded as the indicator of intervention effect, and the impact of studies’ quality on the results was assessed by sensitivity analysis. Results A total of 20 studies with medium quality in general were included. The morbidity of RA was 14.7/100 000. The disability adjusted of life years (DALYs) per capita were 4.92. If excluding the cost resulted from DALY, the overall economic cost was RMB 1 250.45 yuan per capita per year; While considering DALY, the cost was RMB 15 717.91 yuan per capita per year. The average cost of outpatient medications was RMB 8 018±17 238 yuan per capita per year. The weighted morbidity was 0.42% (95%CI 0.39% to 0.45%), and it was higher in female than male (Plt;0.05). There was no secular trend and difference between southern and northern (Pgt;0.05), but there were statistical significances in the WMD of 8 dimensions of SF-36 LQS. Sensitivity analyses revealed that the weighted pooled results were stable. Conclusion The epidemiological and economic burden of rheumatoid arthritis are heavier in China, which needs to be concerned by both government and society.
ObjectiveTo analyze the disease burden of prostate, bladder and kidney cancers attributable to smoking in China from 1990 to 2019. MethodsBased on the global burden of disease study 2019, the current situation of the disease burden of prostate, bladder and kidney cancers attributable to smoking was analyzed by using the population attributable fraction (PAF), deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Furthermore, the annual percent change (APC) and the average annual percent change (AAPC) were calculated by joinpoint regression analysis to describe the long-term trends of the smoking-attributable burden of these three cancers from 1990 to 2019. ResultsThere were an estimated 18 800 cases of deaths and 393 106 person-years of DALYs for bladder cancer caused by smoking in 2019. The age-standardized mortality and DALY rate decreased by 0.41% and 0.39% per year from 1990 to 2019, respectively. For prostate cancer, smoking was estimated to have caused 5 016 cases of deaths and 98 276 person-years of DALYs in 2019. The age-standardized mortality and DALY rate decreased by 0.28% and 0.25% per year from 1990 to 2019, respectively. For kidney cancer, the deaths and DALYs attributable to smoking were 4 935 cases and 120 620 person-years, respectively. The standardized mortality and DALY rates increased by 3.03% and 2.98% per year from 1990 to 2019. Additionally, males suffered from a higher disease burden of these three cancers attributable to smoking than females. The elderly population had a higher smoking-attributable disease burden than the younger population. ConclusionThe situation of the disease burden of bladder, prostate and kidney cancers attributable to smoking is still serious in China, which has substantial disparities in different groups. Specifically, males and the elderly are the high-risk groups for the smoking-attributable burden. Among the three cancers, bladder cancer has the highest burden and kidney cancer has the largest burden increase during 1990-2019.
ObjectiveTo understand the burden of stroke disease and age-period-cohort effects in China from 1990 to 2021, and to provide scientific basis for formulating relevant prevention and treatment strategies. MethodsBased on GBD 2021 data, the Joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the trend of incidence rate, mortality and DALYs rate of stroke, and the APC model was used to analyze the impact of age, period and birth cohort on the incidence and mortality of stroke. ResultsFrom 1990 to 2021, the standardized incidence rate, standardized mortality rate and standardized DALYs rate of stroke in China showed an overall downward trend, with AAPC of −0.37% (95%CI −0.45% to −0.29%), −1.79% (95%CI −1.99% to −1.59%), and −1.93% (95%CI −2.07% to −1.80%), respectively. The results of the age-period-cohort model showed that the incidence and mortality risks of stroke increased with age. The risk of female onset remained stable in the early stage but increased rapidly in the later stage, while the risk of male mortality showed a slight upward trend. The risk of onset and death generally decreased with the passage of the birth cohort. Hypertension had always been the primary risk factor for stroke, and metabolic factors such as high blood sugar had become the main factors affecting disease burden. ConclusionThe burden of stroke disease in China is still relatively heavy, and differentiated intervention measures should be developed for different age and gender groups based on controllable risk factors, especially focusing on the elderly and male population.
Objective To analyze the trend of changes in the burden of liver cancer diseases attributed to alcohol consumption in China from 1990 to 2019. Methods Data on liver cancer burden attributed to drinking in China from 1990 to 2019 were obtained from the global burden of disease 2019. Joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the temporal trend of disease burden, and age-period-cohort model was used to evaluate age, period, and cohort effects. Results From 1990 to 2019, the standardized incidence rate of liver cancer attributable to drinking among the total population, men and women showed a downward trend. The AAPC was −2.52% (95%CI −2.83% to −2.21%), 3.26% (95%CI −3.62% to −2.89%) and −2.24% (95%CI −2.61% to −1.86%), respectively; The standardized mortality rates showed a decreasing trend, with AAPC values of −2.86% (95%CI −3.46% to −2.26%), −3.48% (95%CI −4.20% to −2.76%), and −2.67% (95%CI −2.99% to −2.34%), respectively; The standardized DALY rates showed a downward trend, with AAPC values of −3.09% (95%CI −3.65% to −2.53%), −2.92% (95%CI −3.25% to −2.58%), and −3.77 (95%CI −4.21% to −3.31%), respectively. The trend changes were statistically significant (P<0.05). From 1990 to 2019, the overall risk of liver cancer incidence and death attributed to drinking in China, both in males and females, showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with age; As the period increased, both the overall population and the male population showed a downward trend, followed by an upward trend, while the female population remained relatively stable; The lower the risk of liver cancer incidence and death attributed to drinking as the queue progressed. Conclusion The standardized incidence rate, mortality and DALY rates of liver cancer attributable to drinking in China are generally declining, we should strengthen health education and early diagnosis and treatment for both male and elderly people to reduce the burden of liver cancer.
ObjectivesTo systematically review the prevalence and disease burden of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) in China.MethodsPubMed, EMbase, CNKI, WanFang Data and VIP databases were searched to collect cross-sectional studies about the prevalence and disease burden of KOA in China from January 1st 1995 to August 31st 2017. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. Then meta-analysis was performed by using R statistical software.ResultsA total of thirty-three studies were included. The results of meta-analysis showed the prevalance rate of KOA was 18% (95%CI 14% to 22%), and it was higher in women (19%, 95%CI 16% to 23%) than in men (11%, 95%CI 9% to 13%) (P<0.05). The prevalence rates of KOA in different regions were as follows: 11% (95%CI 8% to 14%) in north, 17% (95%CI 15% to 20%) in north-east, 21% (95%CI 13% to 32%) in east, 21% (95%CI 13% to 33%) in north-west, 22% (95%CI 6% to 57%) in south-west, and 18% (95%CI 13% to 23%) in south-central, respectively.ConclusionsThe prevalence of KOA in China is high, and the disease burden is heavy. Due to the quantity and quality of included studies, more high-quality studies are required to verify the above conclusions in future.
Objective To systematically review the epidemic trend and disease burden of ischemic stroke in the Chinese population and to provide references for formulating reasonable prevention and treatment measures and allocating health resources. Methods Based on Global Burden of Disease (GBD) data, we analyzed the morbidity, mortality, disability-adjusted life year (DALY) and normalized rates for ischemic stroke in China from 1990 to 2019 and evaluated the changes in the disease burden by sex and age group. Meanwhile, joinpoint regression model was constructed to analyze the time trend change in each stage during the study period. Results Compared with 1990, the incidence, mortality and DALY rate of ischemic stroke in China increased by 171.68%, 125.60% and 98.60% in 2019, among which the incidence, mortality and DALY rate of males increased by 184.29%, 148.96% and 115.16%, respectively; the morbidity, mortality and DALY rates of females increased by 160.9%, 101.32% and 81.44%, respectively. The age-standardized incidence increased by 34.70%, while the age-standardized mortality and age-standardized DALY rate decreased by 3.33% and 4.02%, respectively; the age-standardized incidence, mortality and DALY rates of males increased by 39.52%, 8.03% and 3.68%, respectively; the age-standardized incidence rate of females increased by 31.40%, while the age-standardized mortality rate and age-standardized DALY rate decreased by 14.02% and 11.53%, respectively. In 2019, both the mortality rate and DALY rate due to ischemic stroke increased with age, and the highest rate was found in the population over 85 years old. Males over 60 years old were significantly than females. In the 55-84 age group, the incidence of ischemic stroke in females was higher than that in males, while in the 85 and above age group, the incidence of ischemic stroke in females was lower than that in males. The AAPC of age-standardized incidence, age-standardized mortality, and age-standardized DALY rates due to ischemic stroke from 1990 to 2019 were 1.06% (95%CI 1.00% to 1.11%), 0.01% (95%CI −0.45% to 0.48%) and −0.16% (95%CI −0.53% to 0.22%), respectively. All indicators of the AAPC for males were higher than those for females. ConclusionThe curvent age-standardized mortality and DALY rate of ischemic stroke in China have decreased slightly compared with 1990. The crude mortality, morbidity and disease burden have significantly increased. All indicators of the AAPC for males were higher than those for females. To reduce the epidemic trend and disease burden of ischemic stroke, reasonable prevention and treatment measures and rational allocation of health resources should be made according to sex and age.
ObjectivesTo conduct a bibliometric analysis to research the status of disease burden domestically and overseas so as to understand the status of diseases burden, and to provide scientific and reasonable reference for health disease prevention, control strategies formulation and future research.MethodsPubMed, Web of Science, EMbase, The Cochrane Library, WanFang Data, CBM and CNKI databases were electronically searched to collect literature on disease burden from inception to October, 2018. Two reviewers independently screened literature and extracted data. EndNote X7 software was used for literature management, Excel 2016 software and VOS viewer software were also used to analyze data. Literature was classified by the aspects of literature publication characteristics, diseases, background areas, influencing factors, evaluation indicators and poverty caused by illness.ResultsA total of 325 studies were included in the bibliometric analysis. 41 articles (12.6%) were published in journals indexed by SCIE; original research evidence accounted for 97.0% (315 articles); 272 articles were from China (83.7%). The main diseases involved were malignant tumors (58 articles, 17.8%), diabetes (29 articles, 8.9%) and hypertension (24 articles, 7.4%). Factors affecting the disease burden primarily included hospitalization days (9 articles, 2.8%), complications (5 articles, 1.5%), delays in treatment (5 articles, 1.5%), and economic income (4 articles, 1.2%). Sixity-one articles (18.8%) reported poverty due to illness, and related diseases were chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (12 articles, 3.7%), hypertension (10 articles, 3.1%), diabetes (10 articles, 3.1%), malignant tumors (9 articles, 2.8%) and hepatitis B (6 articles, 1.8%).ConclusionsAt present, the disease burden research are focusing more on the burden of chronic non-communicable diseases such as malignant tumors, hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in developing countries and regions. Medical costs vary from different diseases and treatment, different demographic characteristics of patients, and the coverage medical security of different population are the primary reasons for the " expensive in medical treatment” of current residents and the heavy burden of disease. DALY and total direct medical expenses are the main evaluation indexes of epidemiological burden and economic burden of disease, respectively. Future researches should focus on strengthening the scientific nature of study design to improve the quality of research, as well as paying more attention to diseases and aspects that are rarely involved, such as major diseases caused by poverty due to illness, comprehensive analysis of multiple diseases and aspects of health investment measurement, and comprehensively use the evaluation indicators of disease burden to strengthen the research on the comparability index of disease economic burden.
ObjectiveTo analyze the disease burden and development trend of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in China from 1990 to 2019. MethodsThe changes of incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALY) and their corresponding age-normalization rates for NHL were analyzed by using the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Database. Regression analysis was performed by Joinpoint software to calculate annual percentage change (APC) and average annual percentage change (AAPC) of standardized morbidity, standardized mortality, standardized DALY rate to reflect the change trend of disease burden. And the results were compared with global data. ResultsFrom 1990 to 2019, the disease burden of NHL in China showed an overall increasing trend. Compared with 2019, the standard incidence rate, standard mortality rate and standard DALY rate of NHL in China increased by 144.72%, 27.17% and 15.61%, respectively. The annual rates of change were 3.12%, 0.80% and 0.51%, respectively. There were gender and age differences in disease burden. The burden of disease increased with age, and the burden of disease was higher in males than in females. ConclusionThe disease burden of NHL in China shows an increasing trend from 1990 to 2019. With the development of diagnosis and treatment options, the disease burden has decreased in recent years, but it is still higher than the global level. There is still a need to strengthen research on its pathogenesis and treatment options, and to actively intervene in high-risk groups to reduce the disease burden of NHL.