Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a blinding eye disease of neonates. Early screening and regular follow-up can prevent the disease from leading to serious functional impairment. Rop is classified by the World Health Organization as the prevention target of avoidable blindness in neonates. Since the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China issued "Guidelines for the treatment of oxygen and the prevention and treatment of retinopathy in prematurity" in 2004, the Ophthalmology Group of the Chinese Academy of Ophthalmology has actively promoted the screening and treatment of ROP, and updated "Guidelines for screening retinopathy of prematurity" in China in 2014. After nearly 20 years of hard work, the disease of stage 5 ROP in China has basically disappeared. In order to reasonably grasp the classification criteria of ROP and the indications of drug treatment, Fundus Disease Group of Ophthalmological Society of Chinese Medical Association, Fundus Disease Group of Ophthalmologist Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association organize experts in related fields to reach consensus opinions through serious, comprehensive and full discussion, and update the classification of ROP in China and the Chinese translation of new terms with reference to international standard terms. The standard of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drug treatment indication is also added to provide reference for clinicians in clinical practice.
The population of various fundus diseases in China is vast, and the number of patients is continuously increasing due to the aging population. In contrast, fundus disease awareness among the general public in China is low, and grassroots screening needs urgent improvement. At the same time, the diagnosis and treatment rate are quite low, and the treatment methods for late-stage diseases are limited, resulting in poor prognosis of visual function and high blindness rate. Chronic fundus diseases require long-term, standardized treatment and long-term follow-up, which can be burdensome for patients, leading to high missed visit rates and reduced therapeutic effects. The "14th Five-Year Plan for Eye Health (2021-2025)" clearly put forward the requirements of strengthening the construction of the fundus disease prevention and control system. We urgently need to develop a management model for chronic diseases of fundus diseases tailored to China's national conditions. This will require establishing corresponding management platforms, improving personnel allocation, and enhancing compliance in the treatment of fundus diseases, to improve treatment effectiveness and fundamentally reduce blindness rates. After China's authoritative experts in the field of fundus diseases through the organization of in-depth and comprehensive thematic discussion, and the use of the improved version of Delphi method for collective decision-making and opinion consultation, a series of consensus guidance and suggestions were finally formed. These valuable professional insights will strongly promote the establishment of an appropriate chronic fundus disease management system in China, ensure that patients with fundus disease get long-term, standardized medical services, and lay a solid foundation for improving the overall prevention and treatment of fundus diseases.
In recent years, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy has become first line treatment for a variety of clinical conditions, including wet age related macular degeneration, macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion, diabetic macular edema and proliferative diabetic retinopathy. With the successive launch of new formulations such as high-dose anti-VEGF drugs and gene therapy in China, sterile intraocular inflammation (SIOI) after intraocular drug delivery has gradually come into public view and warranted attention. On the other hand, a variety of drugs that have been used in ophthalmic clinics for years, including prophylactic anti-infective drugs (such as vancomycin) and glucocorticoids (such as dexamethasone implants), have also been reported of SIOI occurrence. To avoid and alleviate the negative impact of SIOI on the visual function of the affected eyes, a systematic and standardized SIOI management system is urgently needed. For this reason, the Fundus Disease Group of Ophthalmological Society of Chinese Medical Association, Fundus Disease Committee of Ophthalmologist Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association, and Expert Group of Expert consensus for the diagnosis and treatment of sterile intraocular inflammation after intraocular drug delivery (2025) put forward recommended opinions on seven key clinical issues. Based on the latest evidence based medical evidence, combined with international guidelines/consensuses and the current situation of social and economic development in China, they made recommendations on aspects of SIOI, including the incidence and timing, clinical manifestations, related factors and population identification, perioperative monitoring measures, and intervention strategies and prognosis after the occurrence of SIOI, thus forming the Expert consensus for the diagnosis and treatment of sterile intraocular inflammation after intraocular drug delivery (2025). The formulation of this consensus aims to enhance the awareness and understanding of SIOI among ophthalmologists specializing in retinal diseases, provide evidence-based guidance and decision-making references for the early identification and standardized management of SIOI in clinical practice, and further improve the quality control system of intraocular injection therapy in China, thereby ensuring patient safety.