Epilepsy is a heterogeneous disease with a very complex etiological mechanism, characterized by recurrent and unpredictable abnormal neuronal discharge. Epilepsy patients mainly rely on oral antiseizure medication (ASMs) the for treatment and control of disease progression. However, about 30% patients are resistance to ASMs, leading to the inability to alleviate and cure seizures, which gradually evolve into refractory epilepsy. The most common type of intractable epilepsy is temporal lobe epilepsy. Therefore, in-depth exploration of the causes and molecular mechanisms of seizures is the key to find new methods for treating refractory epilepsy. Mitochondria are important organelles within cells, providing abundant energy to neurons and continuously driving their activity. Neurons rely on mitochondria for complex neurotransmitter transmission, synaptic plasticity processes, and the establishment of membrane excitability. The process by which the autophagy system degrades and metabolizes damaged mitochondria through lysosomes is called mitophagy. Mitophagy is a specific autophagic pathway that maintains cellular structure and function. Mitochondrial dysfunction can produce harmful reactive oxygen species, damage cell proteins and DNA, or trigger programmed cell death. Mitophagy helps maintain mitochondrial quality control and quantity regulation in various cell types, and is closely related to the occurrence and development of epilepsy. The imbalance of mitophagy regulation is one of the causes of abnormal neuronal discharge and epileptic seizures. Understanding its related mechanisms is crucial for the treatment and control of the progression of epilepsy in patients.
Gastric tumors are neoplastic lesions that occur in the stomach, posing a great threat to human health. Gastric cancer represents the malignant form of gastric tumors, and early detection and treatment are crucial for patient recovery. Endoscopic examination is the primary method for diagnosing gastric tumors. Deep learning techniques can automatically extract features from endoscopic images and analyze them, significantly improving the detection rate of gastric cancer and serving as an important tool for auxiliary diagnosis. This paper reviews relevant literature in recent years, presenting the application of deep learning methods in the classification, object detection, and segmentation of gastric tumor endoscopic images. In addition, this paper also summarizes several computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems and multimodal algorithms related to gastric tumors, highlights the issues with current deep learning methods, and provides an outlook on future research directions, aiming to promote the clinical application of deep learning methods in the endoscopic diagnosis of gastric tumors.
Objective To investigate the effect of imatinib mesylate on radiation-induced lung injury mice and its influence on the oxidative stress and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) expression in mice. Methods Forty-five C57BL/6 mice were divided into a treatment group, a control group and a model group. The treatment group and model group were given radiation of 18 Gy delivered in the thorax. After 4 h daily of the radiation, the treatment group received imatinib mesylate of 0.081 g/kg, while the other groups were given normal saline solution. The experiments were continued for 30 days. After the experiments, the lungs of mice were divided into 4 parts. The haematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemical stain were prepared to observe the situation of pathology and TGF-β1. The lung homogenate was prepared and the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (T-Aoc) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) were detected. Results The levels of GSH-PX, T-Aoc and SOD were (173.15±12.21) U, (119.33±11.06) U/mgprot and (1.73±0.33) nmol/mgprot in the treatment group, significantly higher than the control group, while the levels of MDA was (0.68±0.08) nmol/mgprot, significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05). The HE and immunohistochemical stain showed that there were mild alveolar inflammatory changes in the treatment group while such changes were serious in the model group. The scores of HE and immunohistochemical were 1.26±0.12 and 0.31±0.12 in the treatment group, significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion The imatinib mesylate can effectively ameliorate the oxidative stress and inhibite TGF-β1 expression in radiation-induced lung injury mice.
ObjectiveTo explore the model of sharing appointments between medical inspection resources in medical alliance hospitals in the medical profession, in order to improve the utilization efficiency of medical inspection resources and patient satisfaction, and to promote the effective implementation of intelligent services in medical alliance hospitals. MethodsBy analyzing the medical process of medical inspection appointments, and organizing the inspection appointment resources of each hospital according to the actual business characteristics of each hospital of the medical alliance by the unified medical inspection appointment platform. Through the unified big data platform, the business collaboration between the medical alliance hospitals and the sharing and scheduling of medical inspection resources among the hospitals of the medical alliance are realized. ResultsThe construction and use of the medical alliance unified inspection platform has realized the sharing and utilization of inspection resources between hospitals in the medical alliance, which is convenient for patients to choose their own inspection resources across hospitals when making an appointment for inspection, and further improves patient satisfaction. ConclusionThe unified medical appointment platform unifies the management of the medical alliance's appointment examination resources, which can not only effectively improve the utilization efficiency of medical inspection appointment resources, but also expand the effective scope of patients' choice of medical inspection appointments, and at the same time improve patient satisfaction and promote the construction of hospital intelligent services.
Objective To establish perineural invasion xenograft model of hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Methods The cultured cells of cholangiocarcinoma cell line QBC939 were inoculated subcutaneously in the nude mice so as toestablish primary subcutaneous model of cholangiocarcinoma. The primary tumor tissues were inoculated intraperitoneallyaround the liver in the nude mice so as to establish the second generation intraperitoneal xenograft model. The successful xenografted tumor tissues were obtained for anatomical and pathological examinations. Results The tumor formation rate of primary subcutaneous xenograft of hilar cholangiocarcinoma was 100% （5/5）， and no nerve infiltration was observed. The tumor formation rate of the second generation intraperitoneal xenograft was 45% （9/20）， and two mice （2/9， 22%） manifested nerve infiltration. The rate of nerve infiltration was 10% （2/20）， and the tumor cells had different size and diversity， irregular shape， low differentiation， decreased cytoplasm and nucleus karyomegaly， visible atypical and fission phase， and no obvious gland tube structure by pathological examination. Conclusions Hilar cholangiocarcinoma cell has the particular features of perineural invasion， it is a good experiment platform for researching the mode and biological characteristics of perineural invasion of hilar cholangiocarcinoma by applicated QBC939 cell lines to establish the perineural invasion xenograft model of cholangiocarcinoma.
Objective To explore the influencing factors of muscle calf vein thrombosis (MCVT) after hip and knee arthroplasty. Methods Convenience sampling method was used to select patients who underwent hip or knee arthroplasty in 4 hospitals in Beijing, Jiangsu and Hainan between March 2021 and May 2022 as the research subjects. They were divided into MCVT group and non-MCVT group according to whether the lower limb MCVT occurred on the 3rd postoperative day. Generalized linear mixed model was used to analyze the influencing factors of MCVT. Results A total of 278 patients were included, including 47 patients in the MCVT group, accounting for 16.91%, and 231 patients in the non-MCVT group, accounting for 83.09%. Generalized linear mixed model analysis showed that the ambulation on the first postoperative day [odds ratio=0.364, 95% confidence interval (0.159, 0.832), P=0.017] and preoperative activated partial thromboplastin time [odds ratio=0.884, 95% confidence interval (0.785, 0.994), P=0.040] were protective factors for MCVT after hip and knee arthroplasty. Conclusions The ambulation on the first postoperative day and preoperative activated partial thromboplastin time are protective factors for MCVT after hip and knee arthroplasty. The relationship between hypertension, drainage and MCVT needs to be further explored. Clinical medical staff should pay close attention to the postoperative ambulation of patients undergoing hip and knee arthroplasty, encourage and guide patients to get out of bed early, comprehensively assess the patients’ condition and the risk of postoperative MCVT, and flexibly formulate individualized prevention and treatment plans to avoid the occurrence of MCVT and improve the prognosis.
Ankle pump exercise (APE) is one of the basic measures to prevent the formation of deep vein thrombosis, which has been widely recognized for its advantages of simplicity, safety, and ease of perform. However, there is still controversy regarding the frequency, duration, angle, position, and adjunctive exercise of APE. This article will review the hemodynamic and hemorheological effects of APE for the prevention of DVT, the current status of clinical application, and new advances in adjunctive APE, in order to provide methods and guidance for clinical staff.
Objective To investigate the prevalence of postoperative delirium (POD) in elderly patients undergoing major orthopedic surgery and analyze its influencing factors, so as to provide evidence for early screening and intervention of POD. Methods The medical records of elderly patients undergoing major orthopedic surgery in the Department of Orthopaedics of the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital between January 2021 and December 2022 were retrospectively collected. The included patients were divided into POD group and non-POD group. The patients’ demographic characteristics, medical history, laboratory indicators, perioperative medication, intraoperative and postoperative indicators were collected to analyze the risk factors affecting POD. Results A total of 455 elderly patients were included. Among them, there were 75 cases in the POD group and 380 cases in the non-POD group. The incidence of POD was 16.5% (75/455). There were statistically significant differences in age, body mass index, number of combined underlying diseases≥3, albumin<35 g/L, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification, intraoperative blood loss≥200 mL, intraoperative blood transfusion, postoperative Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score, indwelling catheters, admission to intensive care unit (ICU), and length of ICU stay between the two groups (P<0.05). The results of logistic regression analysis showed that age≥79 years, number of combined underlying diseases≥3, albumin<35 g/L, intraoperative blood loss≥200 mL, ASA grade≥Ⅲ, postoperative VAS score, and postoperative admission to ICU (P<0.05) were independent influencing factors for POD occurrence in elderly patients undergoing major orthopedic surgery. Conclusions POD is one of the common postoperative complications in elderly patients undergoing major orthopedic surgery. Age≥79 years, number of combined underlying diseases≥3, albumin<35 g/L, intraoperative blood loss≥200 mL, ASA grade≥Ⅲ, postoperative VAS score, and postoperative admission to ICU are independent risk factors for POD in elderly patients undergoing major orthopedic surgery. Clinical staff should evaluate and screen these factors early and take preventive measures to reduce the incidence of POD.
The specific binding of T cell receptors (TCRs) to antigenic peptides plays a key role in the regulation and mediation of the immune process and provides an essential basis for the development of tumour vaccines. In recent years, studies have mainly focused on TCR prediction of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I antigens, but TCR prediction of MHC class II antigens has not been sufficiently investigated and there is still much room for improvement. In this study, the combination of MHC class II antigen peptide and TCR prediction was investigated using the ProtT5 grand model to explore its feature extraction capability. In addition, the model was fine-tuned to retain the underlying features of the model, and a feed-forward neural network structure was constructed for fusion to achieve the prediction model. The experimental results showed that the method proposed in this study performed better than the traditional methods, with a prediction accuracy of 0.96 and an AUC of 0.93, which verifies the effectiveness of the model proposed in this paper.
ObjectivesTo systematically review the efficacy and safety of tacrolimus (TAC) and cyclosporine A (CsA) for patients after renal transplantation.MethodsPubMed, EMbase, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, CBM, WanFang Data and CNKI databases were electronically searched to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the efficacy and safety of TAC vs. CsA after renal transplantation from inception to December, 2018. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies, then, meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.3 software.ResultsA total of 12 RCTs involving 3 130 patients were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that: compared with CsA, the TAC had lower incidence of acute rejection at 6 months after renal transplantation (RR=0.61, 95%CI 0.50 to 0.74, P<0.000 01), and had higher glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (MD=4.20, 95%CI 1.07 to 7.34, P=0.009), lower incidence of dyslipidemia (RR=0.46, 95%CI 0.27 to 0.80, P<0.006), higher incidence of diabetes (RR=1.36, 95%CI 1.12 to 1.65, P=0.002) at 12 months after renal transplantation. There was no significant difference between two groups in the incidence of hypertension after renal transplantation (RR=0.90, 95%CI 0.69 to 1.17,P=0.43).ConclusionsCurrent evidence shows that, compared with CsA, TAC can significantly improve renal function, reduce the risk of acute rejection and dyslipidemia, but it can increase the risk of diabetes. Due to limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more high-quality studies are needed to verify above conclusions.