ObjectiveTo summarize the clinical experience on combination of laparoscopy, choledochoscopy, and duodenoscopy in treatment of cholecystolithiasis with small diameter of choledocholith during the same period via multiple approach. MethodsThe clinical data of 71 cases of cholecystolithiasis with small diameter(The internal diameter of common bile duct was 4-8 mm)of choledocholith underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC)plus laparoscopic and endoscopic cholelithotomy plus laparoscopic and endoscopic sphincterotomy(LC+LEC+LEST)from February 2001 to December 2013 in this hospital were analyzed retrospectively. Firstly, the LC and common bile duct exploration was performed, then the ureteral catheter or zebra guide wire was inserted into the common bile duct and duodenum cavity through cystic duct or common bile duct incision. Under the guidance of ureteral catheter or zebra guide wire, the choledochoscope was inserted into the common bile duct and cholelithotomy was performed by stone net or electrohydraulic lithotripsy. Then, the duodenoscope was inserted into the papillary of duodenum, the papillary of duodenum was cut by the pin-headlike electro-knife along the ureteric catheter or zebra guide wire, choledocholith was removed with the reticulation of choledochoscopy and duodenoscopy. ResultsLC+LEC+LEST was successfully performed on 71 cases of cholecystolithiasis with small diameter of choledocholith. The placement of a catheter via cystic incision was in 59 cases, via common bile duct incision was in 22 cases. The common bile duct stones of 64 patients were completely removed under the choledochoscope, of 12 patients were completely removed under the combination of choledochoscope and duodenoscope. No case was converted to laparotomy. The bile leakage occurred in 5 cases and cured by patent drainage. The slight pancreatitis occurred in one case after operation. There was no patient with residual stones, perforations of intestine and bile duct, hemorrhoea, severe pancreatitis, or death. ConclusionIf patients are indicated, LC+LEC+LEST is safe and effective to remove the cholecystolithiasis with small diameter of choledocholith.
ObjectiveTo summarize the experience of the transabdominal reverse guide technique of endoscopic nasobiliary drainage during the course of laparoscopic common bile duct exploration with endoscopic nasobiliary drainage (LENBD). MethodsFrom May 2008 to March 2015, there were 237 cases undergoing LENBD, involving choledochotomy, electrohydralic lithothipsy, incision on the stenosis of papillary, bile duct drainage through the endoscopic nasobiliary drainage, and primary closure of duct incision. ResultsEndoscopic nasobiliary drainage:the procedure were successful in 215 cases (90.7%) of nasobiliary drainage out of 237 cases. Nasal bile duct intubation failed in 6 cases (2.5%), wherein the transfered for ureteral catheter drainage of bile duct in 5 cases, bile duct drainage was given up in 1 cases. Nasobiliary discount caused no liquid outflow in 9 cases (3.8%). Nasal bile duct early slipped in 7 cases (3.0%). Primary closure of bile duct incision:the procedure were successful in 229 cases (96.6%) of primary closure out of 237 cases. Primary closure failed in 8 cases (3.4%) that the transfered for ureteral catheter drainage of bile duct in 5 cases (2.1%) and the bile leakage occurred in 3 cases (1.3%) with primary closure of duct incision and cured by patent drainage. Six cases (2.5%) were a slight pancreatitis after operation. Head of the nose bile duct was wrong to sew in 1 case (0.4%). No case residual stones in the biliary duct of 237 cases. No other serious complications and no case died postoperatively. ConclusionIf patients are suitable, transabdominal reverse guide technique in laparoscopic common bile duct exploration of endoscopic nasobiliary drainage is safe and effective in the hands of skilled endoscopists.
ObjectiveTo summarize clinical experiences of combination of laparoscope,choledochoscope,and balloon nasobiliary exploration (LCBNE) in treatment of cholecystolithiasis combined with choledocholithiasis with small diameter (0.3-0.8 cm) of common bile duct (CBD). MethodsFrom April 2010 to May 2015,there were 43 cases of cholecystolithiasis combined with choledocholithiasis with small diameter of CBD underwent LCBNE,involving choledochotomy,choledochoscopic exploration,electrohydralic lithothipsy,balloon nasobiliary dilatation for removing cholelith,nasobiliary drainage,and the primary closure of incision. ResultsThe procedure was successful in 27 cases of removing the bile duct residual stones through the choledochoscopic procedure,9 cases through the balloon nasobiliary procedure,and 7 cases were converted to endoscopic sphincterotomy for choledocholithasis.No case was converted to open CBD exploration.No case had residual stone.Bile leakage occurred in 1 case,which was cured by peritoneal drainage and nasobiliary drainage.One patient had a slight pancreatitis after operation.One patient had the stenosis of primary suture of CBD incision.Total postoperative complications rate was 7.0%(3/43).No case had perforations of intestine and bile duct,bleeding,severe pancreatitis,and death after operation. ConclusionFrom preliminary results of limited cases in this study,if patients are indicated,combination of LCBNE in treatment of cholecystolithiasis combined with choledocholithiasis with small diameter of CBD is safe and effective.
ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical value of MRCP and (or) MRI on combination of choledochoscopy and duodenoscopy during the course of therapeutic laparoscopy with preoperative or intraoperative help diagnosis and treatment of gallbladder stone with common bile duct stones of diameter in the normal range. MethodsThe clinical data of 998 patients with calculus of bile duct with diameter in the normal range of common bile duct (common bile duct diameter of 0.2-0.8 cm) by MRCP and (or) MRI assist in diagnosis and treatment from Oct. 2001 to Dec. 2015 in the Second People's Hospital of Chengdu City were retrospectively analized. ResultsThe 998 cases of common bile duct diameter≤0.8 cm were diagnosed and treated by using MRCP and (or) MRI examination. Choledochoscopy group: There were 399 cases, 352 cases (88.2%) were successful removed the bile duct residual stones through the choledochoscopic procedure, converted to intraoperative endoscopic sphincterotomy in 47 cases (11.8%). The false positive rate of MRCP and (or) MRI was 3.7% (13/352), the false negative rate of color Doppler ultrasound was 79.3% (279/352). Duodenoscopy treatment group: It was performed in 408 cases. The stones of common bile duct removed with duodenoscopic papillo-tomy in 381 cases (93.4%), the stone expulsion after duodenoscopic papillotomy in 18 cases (4.4%), 9 cases (2.2%) were shifted to other operation. False negative rate of color Doppler ultrasound was 79.5% (303/381). Three endoscopy group: There were 191 cases that intraoperative choledochoscopic exploration or intraoperative endoscopic papillotomy. The false positive rate of MRCP and (or) MRI was 2.6% (5/191), the false negative rate of color Doppler ultrasound was 76.4% (146/191). ConclusionsRoutine use of MRCP and MRI, in preoperative or intraoperative help diagnosis and treatment of gallbladder stone with common bile duct stones of diameter in the normal range, on combination of choledochoscopy and duodenoscopy during the course of therapeutic laparoscopy. It is necessary, feasible, effective and safe.
Objective To explore the operation methods and indications of the transabdominal reverse guided-laparoscopic endoscopic sphincterotomy in treatment of duodenal papilla stenosis during the course of laparoscopic common bile duct exploration. Methods The clinical data of 501 cases of duodenal papilla stenosis who underwent laparoscopic endoscopic sphincterotomy with the transabdominal reverse guide technique from March 2003 to July 2015 in the Second People’s Hospital of Chengdu city were analyzed retrospectively. Results All operation of the 501 cases were successful, no death happened. The operation time were 60-190 min (average of 107 min), the blood loss were 5-100 mL (average of 21.8 mL), and postoperative hospitalization time were 4-9 days (average of 6.7 days). It was successful in 501 cases that removed the gallbladder, and successful in 493 cases (98.4%) that removed the common bile duct stones out of 501 cases. Six cases (1.2%) had residual stones in T tube drainage and received treatment with postoperative choledochoscope and electrohydraulic lithotripsy. Two cases (0.4%) of primary suture had residual stones. In the 501 cases, 364 cases (72.7%) underwent directly implementation of primary suture after the success of papillary stenosis cutting, 9 cases (1.8%) underwent primary suture after indwelling ureteral catheter, 118 cases (23.5%) underwent primary suture after detaining nasobiliary drainage, 4 cases (0.8%) failed in cutting the papillary stenosis and 6 cases (1.2%) had residual stones, all the 10 cases turned into the T tube drainage. After the operation, 9 cases (1.8%) suffered from mild pancreatitis and 23 cases (4.6%) suffered from bile leakage, no perforation of intestine and bile duct, bleeding, severe pancreatitis, and other complications happened. The overall incidence of postoperative complication was 6.8% (34/501). Conclusion If patients are suitable, transabdominal reverse guided-laparoscopic endoscopic sphincterotomy in treatment of duodenal papilla stenosis is safe and effective.