Objective To study the expression of heat shock protein 47 (HSP47) and its correlation to collagen deposition in pathological scar tissues. Methods The tissues of normal skin(10 cases), hypertrophic scar(19 cases), and keloid(16 cases) were obtained. The expression ofHSP47 was detected by immunohistochemistry method. The collagen fiber content was detected by Sirius red staining and polarization microscopy method. Results Compared with normal skin tissues(Mean IOD 13 050.17±4 789.41), the expression of HSP47 in hypertrophic scar(Mean IOD -521 159.50±272994.13) and keloid tissues(Mean IOD 407 440.30±295 780.63) was significantly high(Plt;0.01). And there was a direct correlation between the expression of HSP47 and the total collagen fiber content（r＝0.386，Plt;0.05）. Conclusion The HSP47 is highly expressed in pathological scartissues and it may play an important role in the collagen deposition of pathological scar tissues.
Objective To investigate the expressions of heat shock protein 27 (HSP27), Bcl-2, and Bax proteins of the nerve cells after spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury (SCII) in rats and their relationship. Methods Seventy adult male Sprague Dawley rats (weighing, 200-220 g) were randomly divided into the sham operated group (sham group, n=35) and the SCII group (n=35). Only the left renal artery was exposed with no occlusion of the abdominal aorta in the rats of sham group. The left renal artery was exposed with occlusion of the abdominal aorta for 20 minutes in the rats of SCII group. At 4, 8, and 12 hours and at 1, 2, 3, and 5 days, reperfusion treatment was performed in 5 rats respectively, and then the spinal cord tissue was harvested to detect the expressions of HSP27, Bcl-2, and Bax protein of the nerve cells by using immunohistochemistry staining. Results The HSP27 began to express at 4 hours, reached the peak at 3 days, and decreased at 5 days in SCII group; significant differences were found between at 3 and 5 days and at the other time points (P lt; 0.05). The Bcl-2 expression increased at 4 hours, reached the peak at 1 day and maintained a high level at 2 days, and then gradually decreased; significant differences were found between at 1 and 2 days and at the other time points (P lt; 0.05). The Bax expression reached the peak at 12 hours and 3 days, and decreased at 5 days; significant differences were found between at 12 hours and 3 days and at the other time points (P lt; 0.05). A little expression of each protein was observed in sham group at different time points; the expressions of HSP27, Bcl-2, and Bax proteins in SCII group were significantly higher than those in sham group at different time points (P lt; 0.05). Conclusion There may be the time window of self repair after SCII. High expression of HSP27 has an obvious protective effect on the SCII in rat, by promoting the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and reducing the expression of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax so as to inhibit spinal cord cell apoptosis.
Objective To investigate the role and mechanism of heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) in induction of murine skin allograft tolerance. Methods At the age of 8-12 weeks, inbred female BALB/C (H-2d) mice (n=45) and CBA/N (H-2k)mice (n=15) were used as transplantation donors and C57BL/6 (H-2b) mice (n=60) as recipients. Recipients C57BL/6 (H-2b) mice were randomized into 4 groups (n=15). In group A, 1 cm × 1 cm Wolfe-Krause skin graft was excised from the back of BALB/C (H-2d) mice and hypoderma was scraped off aseptically, and then transplanted to the back of C57BL/6 (H-2b)mice. The method of skin transplantation in the other 3 groups was the same as to group A. In group B, C57BL/6 (H-2b) mice were treated with imcompleted Freund’s adjuvant (IFA) administration into the back 2 weeks before transplantation of BALB/C (H-2d) mice skin. In group C, C57BL/6 (H-2b) mice were administered HSP60 emulsified in IFA into the back 2 weeks before transplantation of BALB/C (H-2d) mice skin. In group D, C57BL/6 (H-2b) mice were treated with HSP60 emulsified in IFA into the back and followed by skin transplantation of CBA/N (H-2k) mice 2 weeks later. The delayed type hypersensitivity was determined 7 days after transplantation. One-way mixed lymphocyte reaction, the concentration of cytokines in the mixed lymphocyte reaction culture supernatant was determined 7 days and 25 days after transplantation. The survival time of skin allograft was observed. Results The survival time of skin allograft in groups A, B, C and D was 12.4 ± 0.5, 11.6 ± 0.8, 29.3 ± 2.6 and 27.6 ± 2.1 days, respectively. There was significant difference between groups A, B and groups C, D (P﹤0.05), while there was no significant difference between group A and group B as well as between group C and group D (P gt; 0.05). The counts of per minute impulse (cpm) of mixed lymphocyte reaction 7 days after transplantation in groups A, B, C and D was 12 836 ± 1 357, 11 876 ±1 265, 6 581 ± 573 and 6 843 ± 612, respectively. There was significant difference between groups A, B and group C and group D (P lt; 0.05), while there was no significant difference between group A and group B as well as between group C and group D (P gt; 0.05). The cpm of mixed lymphocyte reaction at 25 days after transplantation in group A, B, C and D was 13 286 ±1 498, 12 960 ± 1 376, 11 936 ± 1 265 and 12 374 ± 1269, respectively. There was no significant difference among 4 groups (P gt;0.05).The concentration of IL-10 in the mixed lymphocyte reaction culture supernatant in groups C, D were higher than that in groups A, B, and IL-2 and IFN-γ were lower than that in groups A, B 7 days after transplantation (P lt; 0.05), while there was no significant difference between group A and group B as well as between group C and group D (P gt; 0.05). There was no significant difference in cytokines among the 4 groups 25 days after transplantation (P gt; 0.05). The delayed type hypersensitivity in groups A, B, C and D 7 days after transplantation was 0.84 ± 0.09, 0.81 ± 0.07, 0.43 ± 0.05 and 0.46 ± 0.03 mm, respectively. There was significant differences between groups A, B and groups C, D (P lt; 0.05). While there was no significant difference between group A and group B as well as between group C and group D (P gt; 0.05). Conclusion HSP60 may play a role in induction and maintenance of murine skin allograft tolerance.
Objective To study the advantages of heat and moisture exchangers compared with heated humidifiers in reducing the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia ( VAP) . Methods We searched PubMed as well as reference lists from publications to collect randomized controlled trials which comparing heat and moisture exchangers with heated humidifiers in preventing VAP for mechanically ventilated patients. Meta-analysis was performed using software Review Manager 5. 0. Results Fifteen randomized controlled trials were included. There was no difference in incidence of VAP among the patients managed with moisture exchangers or heated humidifiers ( OR1. 18, 95% CI [ 0. 96, 1. 44] ) . The subgroup of patients using moisture exchangers had lower VAP incidence compared with those using heated humidifiers without heated wire circuits ( OR 1. 39, 95% CI [ 1. 08, 1. 79] ) . There were no differences between the compared groups in mortality, length of intensive care unit stay, or duration of mechanical ventilation. Conclusion The available evidence indicates that moisture exchangers are superior to heated humidifiers without heated wire circuits, and not to heated humidifiers with heated wire circuits to prevent VAP.
ObjectiveTo compare the effects of different airway humidification methods for patients with artificial airway offline. MethodsOne hundred and fifty-five critically ill patients with artificial airway who did not need mechanical ventilation for more than 72 h, admitted in the Affiliated Hospital to Armed Police Logistics College between January 2012 and December 2012, were recruited in the study.They were randomly divided into 3 groups to receive different airway humidification treatment, ie.MR410 device for group A, MR850 device for group B, AIRVO2 device for group C.PaO2, SpO2, heart rate, and breathing frequency were measured after 72 h.The Airway Scoring System was used for evaluation of sputum viscosity.The time of pulmonary infection control was also recorded. ResultsThere were no significant differences in gender, age, underlying diseases, duration of artificial airway, and APACHEⅡscore among three groups (P > 0.05).There were significant differences in respiratory frequency, PaO2, SpO2, heart rate, sputum viscosity, humidification effect, lung infection control time among three groups (P < 0.05), with group C better than group A and B in above parameters. ConclusionsCompared with MR410 and MR850 humidification devices, AIRVO2 is a more ideal device for airway humidification, and is more suitable for patients with artificial airway offline.
Objective To observe the effects of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on the expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in ratrs retina after iscbemia/reperfusion injury.Methods The rat model of experimental retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury was made by increasing the intraocular pressure. Tweenty-four Wistar rats were divided into normal (3 rats) and operation group (21 rats) randomly. The latter group was subdivided into group 0 hour, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours after reperfusion, in which the left eyes of the rats were in the ischemia/reperfusion groups and the right ones were in the treatment groups (bFGF 2 t~g intracameral injection). The expression of HSP70 was observed by strept avidin-biotin complex (SABC) immunohistochemistry. Results No HSP70 positive cells were found in normal group; a few of HSP70 positive cells were found 0 hour after reperfusion [20.8±4. 5) cells/mm2], and increased gradually until reached the peak 24 hours later [(111.2±4.4) cells/mm2] and then decreased gradually. Few HSP70 positive cells were found 72 hours after reperfusion. The amount of HSP70 positive cells increased in treatment group at all time courses, and the peak time was earlier and longer than that in ischemia group. HSP70 positive cells distributed extensively in retinal ganglion cell layer and inner nucleous layer. The difference of the amount of HSP70 positive cells between the two groups was significant (Plt;0.05) 8, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours after reperfusion.Conclusion bFGF can enhance the expression of HSP70 in rat’s retina after retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury.(Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis，2004，20：37-39)
Objective To explore the effect of epidural analgesia for labor on maternal temperature and the newborns. Methods This randomized trial was performed in West China Second Hospital between December 2015 and July 2016. Fifty puerperants were randomly divided into epidural analgesia (EA) group (natural labor under EA, n=25) or the control group (natural labor using Ramaze breathing method, n=25). Maternal tympanic temperature was recorded once per hour after treating with painless labor or blank control. The serum interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) level were measured from the blood of the umbilical cord after the delivery. Apgar scores of the newborns were also recorded. Results There was a significant difference in the temperature between EA and control group one hour after the treatment of painless labor [ (36.9±0.7) and (36.4±0.5)℃]. The level of serum IL-1β and HSP70 were significantly higher in EA group [IL-1β: (0.308±0.036) ng/mL; HSP70: 1.175±0.196] than those in the control group [IL-1β: (0.244±0.031) ng/mL; HSP70: 0.935±0.308] (P<0.05). However, no significant difference was found in the neonatal Apgar score (P>0.05). Conclusions The increase of maternal temperature is greater in the EA labor puerperants compared with that in the controls, which may be related to the increase of IL-1β and HSP70. No adverse effect of labor analgesia on new borns is found
Objective To investigate the effects of heat injured keratinocytes (KC) supernatant on the expressions of collagen type I, collagen type III, and matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1) of dermal fibroblasts (Fb). Methods KC and Fb were isolated and cultured. Then the models of heat injured KC and Fb were reproduced in vitro, respectively. The heat injured and normal culture supernatant were collected respectively at 12 hours, and formulated as a 50% concentration of cell-conditioned medium. According to the culture medium, Fb at passage 3-5 was divided into 3 groups. Normal Fb was cultured with the conditioned medium containing 50% heat injured KC culture supernatant (group A), the conditioned medium containing 50% normal KC culture supernatant (group B), and DMEM (group C), respectively. The cells in 3 groups were collected at 24 hours. In addition， the cells in group A were collected at 0, 1, 2, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours， respectively. Normal Fb was cultured with the conditioned medium containing 50% heat injured Fb culture supernatant. Then, the cells were collected at 0, 1, 2, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours, respectively. The mRNA levels of the collagen type I, collagen type III, and MMP-1 of Fb were measured by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR techniques. Results At 24 hours after cultured with supernatant of heat injured KC，mRNA relative expression levels of collagen type I, collagen type III, and MMP-1 in group A were significantly higher than those in groups B and C (P lt; 0.05). The mRNA relative expression levels of collagen type I, collagen type III, and MMP-1 in group A gradually increased with time going, showing significant differences between 0 hour and 2, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours (P lt; 0.05); significant differences were found between different time points after 2 hours (P lt; 0.05). After Fb was treated with supernatant of heat injured Fb, the mRNA relative expression levels of MMP-1 gradually decreased with time going, showing significant differences between 0 hour and 1, 2, 6, 12, 24, and 24 hours (P lt; 0.05); after 2 hours of culture, significant differences were found among different time points (P lt; 0.05). Conclusion Heat injured KC supernatant may regulate the mRNA expressions of collagen type I, collagen type III, and MMP-1 of Fb.
By using biochemical assessment technique and histological examination,a comparative study of the cutaneous tissues in 16 patients with lymphedema of the lower extremity before and after the heating and bandage therapy, and it was noted thatthe heating and bandage therapy might:(1) the content of hydroxyproline in the affected skin would be decreased; (2) the thickness of skin was decreased and the water content was reduced; (3) the microcirculation of local tissues was enhanced, and (4) the activity of the macrophages was increased. In conjunction with the criteria of clinical observation, the action mechanism of heating and bandage therapy might be as follows: (1) improve the local microcirculation and enhance the resorption of tissue fluid and the protein, and (2) increase the activity of the macrophages, and minimize the extent of fibrosis of the affected tissues.
Objective To retrospectively analyze the clinical characteristics of heat stroke (HS) and HS-acute kidney injury (AKI), analyze the risk factors leading to death in patients, and provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of HS. Methods Patients with HS who visited 13 hospitals in Sichuan subtropical monsoon climate and HS high-incidence areas between July 2019 and September 2023 were retrospectively selected. According to whether in-hospital death or AKI occurred, the patients were divided into survival group and death group, AKI group and non-AKI group. According to serum creatinine level, patients in the AKI group were divided into AKI stage 1 group, AKI stage 2 group and AKI stage 3 group. The main clinical manifestations and important clinical data of the patients were analyzed, and the risk factors affecting the death of patients were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression. Results A total of 195 patients with HS and 115 patients with HS-AKI were included. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that AKI, abnormal coagulation function, nervous system injury, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, and D-dimer were independent risk factors for death (P＜0.05). The results of clinical characteristics analysis of HS-AKI showed that the mortality rate of patients with AKI stage 2 and AKI stage 3 was higher (P＜0.05). Conclusions AKI, abnormal coagulation function, nervous system injury, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, and D-dimer are independent risk factors for death in HS. Therefore, active treatment of patients with HS combined with AKI, abnormal coagulation function, and nervous system injury in the future will help reduce the risk of death in patients.