To investigate the change of the portal venous pressure (PVP), conjugated glycocholic acid (CGA) and pancreatic glucagon (PG) concentration in rats peripheral and portal venous blood in the course of experimental liver cirrhosis induced with carbon tetrachloride and to investigate the mentioned changes after portalazygous devascularization. The authors found that in the early stage of cirrhosis the PVP and the concentration of CGA and PG in peripheral venous blood were increased markedly, CGA in portal vein was decreased and PG in portal vein was increased in early stage of liver cirrhosis.With the extent of liver cirrhosis the indexes above changed more markedly. After portalazygous devascularization the concentration of CGA in peripheral vein in the cirrhotic rats was increased but PVP, the concentration of CGA in portal vein and PG in peripheral and portal vein did not change.There was no change in nornal rats. The results suggest that the variation in CGA in peripheral vein can accurately reflect the degree of damage to liver cells, thus making the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis earlier and judging the degree and prognosis of liver cirrhosis.The concentration of PG in portal venous and peripheral vein relate to PVP in liver cirrhosis.Portalazygous devascularization can maintain PVP and PG in portal vein and do not affect liver function of the control rats but it can damage liver cell in cirrhotic rats.
ObjectiveTo investigate on the antihypertensive therapy for hypertension patients in Wuhou District communities in Chengdu city and assess whether they have complied with the hypertension treatment guidelines. MethodsIn a survey of 1 539 community people, we selected 337 hypertensive patients who had detailed high blood pressure medication records. ResultsThe main characteristics of community hypertension treatment included higher proportions of single-drug therapy (70.3%), and traditional compound preparation (13.9%). Calcium channel blockers (CCB) and beta blockers were most commonly used in the dual step-down scheme (39.7%), while CCB, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and beta blockers were mostly used in step-down triple combination. The control rate was 46.7% after antihypertensive drug treatment in the community. ConclusionIt is necessary to carry out hypertension education, strengthen the training of doctors at the basic level with hypertension prevention and control guidelines to improve the rates of treatment and control of hypertension.
Objective To explore the effect of antihypertensive therapy for hypertension patients from plateau area. Method A retrospective analysis of medical records for Tibetan patients with hypertension from October to December 2013 in Hospital of Chengdu Office of People’s Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region. Results The study recruited 165 patients. The rate of treatment, control, and compliance of hypertension patients were 86.7% (143/165), 23.8% (34/143), 43.4% (62/143), respectively. The main characteristics of hypertension treatment were higher proportions of single-drug therapy (81.1%, 116/143); among those the Tibetan drug (24.1%), calcium channel blockers (21.6%), diuretics (19.0%), and traditional compound preparation (18.1%) were most commonly used in the antihypertensive therapy. Conclusions The rate of treatment was high, but the rate of control and compliance were low in Tibetan patients with hypertension. It was necessary to carry out hypertension education to patients and strengthen the training of doctors at the plateau.
Objective To investigate the factors associated with short-term elevation of intraocular pressure after ranibizumab intravitreal injection. Methods 292 eyes of 292 patients who were diagnosed retinopathy and suitable to receive ranibizumab intravitreal injection were enrolled in this prospective clinical study. There were 157 males and 135 females. 193 patients diagnosed with age-related macular degeneration and 99 other retinopathy patients. Mean age of patients was 62.75±13.74 years. All subjects underwent systemic and comprehensive ophthalmology examinations. The mean BCVA was 0.68±0.47 logMAR. Mean basal intraocular pressure was 18.1 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa). All patients received intravitreal injection with 0.05 ml of ranibizumab (0.5 mg). The intraocular pressure were measured by non-contact tonometer at 10, 30, 120 minutes and 1 day after injection in a sitting position. The patients were grouped by the changes of intraocular pressure 10 minutes after injection. The elevation was more than 10 mmHg as elevation group and less than 10 mmHg as stable group. Analyze the possible related factors with elevation of intraocular pressure after ranibizumab intravitreal injection by comparing the different datum of two groups. Results The mean intraocular pressure were 23.8, 20.5, 19.9 and 17.4 mmHg at 10, 30, 120 minutes and 1 day after injection. The significant elevation level were 5.8, 2.4, 1.8, −0.7 mmHg compared with basal intraocular pressure. Among 292 eyes, intraocular pressure elevation in 68 eyes and stabled in 224 eyes. The age (Z=−0.732), gender (χ2=1.929), right or left eye (χ2=2.910), BCVA (Z=−0.039), diseases (χ2=2.088) were no significant difference between two groups (P＞0.05). The injection number (Z=−2.413, P=0.001), basal intraocular pressure (Z=−3.405, P=0.016) and elevations after injection (Z=−11.501, −8.366, −5.135, −3.568; P＜0.01) were significantly different comparing two groups (P＜0.05). By logistic regression analysis, basal intraocular pressure was positively correlated with the elevation of intraocular pressure 10 minutes after injection (B=−0.844, OR=0.43, 95%CI 0.24−0.76, P=0.004). Patients with higher basal intraocular pressure may occur intraocular pressure elevation after ranibizumab intravitreal injection much probably. Conclusions The factors associated with short-term elevation of intraocular pressure after ranibizumab intravitreal injection were basal intraocular pressure. The higher basal intraocular pressure, the higher risk to gain elevation of intraocular pressure after injection.
Perioperative management of 58 hypertensive patients suffering from surgical disease is reported. We emphasize that before operation the blood pressure should be adequately controlled, and heart function promoted. It is safer that the diastolic pressure is controlled under 14 kPa before operation. During operation we strictly observe the change of the blood pressure and manage it in time. Analgesic and antihypertensive agents are used after operation.
ObjectiveTo evaluate the level of arteriosclerosis in patients with hypertension defined by the American Heart Association (AHA) and classical diagnostic criteria. MethodsA total of 3 815 residents were enrolled in 10 communities in north Shanghai. According to the classic diagnostic criteria of hypertension (systolic blood pressure≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure≥90 mmHg) and AHA diagnostic criteria (systolic blood pressure≥130 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure≥80 mmHg), the population was divided into normal blood pressure group, AHA diagnosis standard hypertension group, and classic methods of diagnosis of hypertension group. The differences in cervical-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV) and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (ba-PWV) among the three groups were compared. SPSS 13.0 software was then used for data analysis.ResultsCompared with the patients who met the standard criteria, patients who met AHA criteria had lower mean ages (70.2±7.4 vs. 71.4±7.9 year, P<0.001), more history of hypertension (48.8% vs. 72.7%, P<0.001) and lower body mass index (24.1±3.5 vs. 24.7±3.9 kg/m2, P<0.001), low-density lipoprotein (3.07±0.92 vs. 3.15±0.97 mmol/L, P=0.033), cf-PWV (8.7±2.7 vs. 9.8±3.0 m/s, P<0.001) and ba-PWV (1 647.7±610.1 vs. 1 797.2±729.7 cm/s, P<0.001). ConclusionsThe degree of arteriosclerosis of patients who meet AHA standards is between that who meet the standard criteria and the normal population. For these patients, blood pressure should be actively controlled to delay the progression of arteriosclerosis.
Objective To investigate the pathological spectrum of hypertensive retinopathy. Methods Systemic hypertension was produced experimentally in SD rats by partially constricting the right renal artery and removing the left kidney.The eyes obtained from hypertensive animals at 2 weeks,1,2,4months were examined by means of light microscopy,immunohistochemical staining,electron microscopy and histochemical electron microscopy and compared with the control group. Results 1.From 2 months after surgery,thickening of retinal capillary basement membrane(RBM)became apparent.2.From then on,RBM showed an increased staining reaction for type Ⅳcollagen and laminin,while staining reaction of RBM for fibronectin in hypertensive rats was negative at any stages.The number of anionic sites within the RBM was gradually reduced following the development of hypertension and it was definitely decreased at 4 months. 3.A few deteriorated endothelial cells were lifted focally from the RBM with subendothelial swelling in retinal vessels at 2 weeks,and the pericytes exhibited edema and deterioration at 4 months. Conclusions Detachment of the endothelial cells from the RBM,thickening of the RBM companied with the reduction of anionic sites and deterioration of pericytes may be responsible for hypertensive retinopathy. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 1999, 15: 163-166)
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and hypertension are very common chronic diseases. Active and standardized treatment of hypertension in patients with CKD can not only delay the progress of renal disease, but also reduce the risk of cardiovascular events. In recent years, although the guidelines for hypertension have put forward detailed suggestions for the management of hypertension in CKD patients, there are differences in the recommendation of blood pressure target value for CKD patients. Combined with the latest guidelines, this review interprets the blood pressure measurement methods, diagnostic criteria, antihypertensive targets and drug therapy in patients with CKD.
ObjectiveTo discuss the relationship between microalbuminuria (MAU) and antioxidant activity of plasma hyper density lipoprotein (HDL) in hypertensive patients, and investigate whether MAU could be a predictor of HDL antioxidant activity. MethodFrom December 2007 to March 2009, sixty consecutive primary hypertensive patients from the inpatient and outpatient departments of West China Hospital and Sichuan Electric Power Central Hospital were included in the study, and 30 healthy volunteers served as controls. MAU, plasma HDL and paraoxonase (PON1) activity were tested. ResultsPON1 activity was lower in hypertensive patients than the controls (P<0.05), and this degree of decline was positively related to MAU (P<0.05). ConclusionMAU reflects PON1 activity in hypertensive patients and can be a predictor to judge plasma HDL function in patients with hypertension.
ObjectiveTo explore the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in island of China. MethodsLiteratures regarding the prevalence and treatment of hypertension in island of China were retrieved in PubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library (Issue 12, 2013), CNKI, WanFang Data and CBM from January 2000 to December 2012. Two reviewers independently screened literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and extracted data. Then the pooled rates were conducted by Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software using inverse variance method. ResultsNine studies involving 926 836 samples were included. The results of meta-analysis showed the pooled rates of prevalence, awareness, treatment and control were 32.0% (95%CI 18.8% to 48.8%), 47.4% (95%CI 29.7% to 65.8%), 38.0% (95%CI 23.1% to 55.5%) and 10.0% (95%CI 4.3% to 21.7%), respectively. Whether in 60 or 65 as the threshold value, the prevalence of hypertension in old people was higher than that in young people. ConclusionThe prevalence of hypertension is about 32% and much higher in island regions of China, while the awareness, treatment and control rates are so lower in these regions. The relevant public health policy should pay more attention to improve primary health care in these regions.