Objective To investigate inpatients disease constitution, costs and rational drug use in the Karamay Central Hospital in 2014 and provide baseline data for further evidence-based study. Methods The information of disease classification, single disease drug use and expenditure of inpatients in 2014 were collected from the Hospital Information System (HIS) of Karamay Central Hospital. We classified the diseases according to the international classification of diseases coding (ICD-10), and analyzed the data by Microsoft Excel 2007 software including frequency, proportion, cumulative proportion and sample average. Results ① A total of 24 936 inpatients in 2014 were included, with male to female ratio being 0.96 to 1 and minority rate being 22.95%. The top three systematic diseases were respiratory diseases, diseases concerning pregnancy, child birth and puerperium and circulatory system diseases respectively; ② The top three age groups were 25 to 59, ≥60 and 0 to 4 respectively; ③ The top three costs per capita of single disease were pulmonary infectious, tumor chemotherapy and symptomatic treatment respectively; the top three western medicine costs per capita were tumor chemotherapy, symptomatic treatment and pulmonary infection; the top three Chinese medicine costs per capita were chronic kidney disease (CKD), angina and ischemic stroke. Conclusion The single diseases ranking and percentage of inpatients in 2014 of Karamay Central Hospital were different from the disease burden of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, the country and even the whole world. Based on the above results, the respiratory diseases and circulatory diseases were selected as the systematic evidence-based pharmacy study goal.
Objective To investigate constitution and costs of inpatients with respiratory disease in the Karamay Central Hospital in 2014 and provide baseline data for further evidence-based study. Methods The information of drug use and expenditure of respiratory diseases were collected from the Hospital Information System (HIS). We analyzed the data by Microsoft Excel 2007 software, including the frequency, proportion and cumulative proportion. Results ① A total of 3 306 inpatients with respiratory disease were included, the top three diseases were bronchopneumonia, pneumonia and pulmonary infection, respectively. ② The Han-other people ratio in inpatients with respiratory diseases higher than average ratio in this city, the top three were bronchial asthma (non-severe) (40.21%), bronchopneumonia (38.14%) and acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (36.27%), respectively. ③ The top three hospital stay and costs per capita were pulmonary infection, COPD and bronchial asthma (non-severe), respectively. Conclusion Bronchopneumonia, pulmonary infection, bronchial asthma and COPD are selected as the priority for evidence-based study.
Objective To investigate drug usage and costs of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) inpatients in Karamay Central Hospital in 2014 and to provide evidence and reference for evidence-based pharmacy study on COPD. Methods The information of drug use and expenditure of COPD inpatients were collected from the hospital information system (HIS). We analyzed the data including frequency, proportion and cumulative proportion by Excel 2007 software. Results A total of 194 inpatients with COPD/AECOPD were included in Karamay Central Hospital in 2014, the average age was 74.28±7.81 years old. Fifty-three drugs were used for COPD treatment; the total frequency were 1 798 times and per capita cost was 7 419.78 yuan. The top three used drugs were budesonide suspension, montelukast tablets and methylprednisolone injection. In total expenditure, the cost of piperacillin-tazobactam, imipenem/cilastatin and moxifloxacin injection ranked top three. Conclusion The top 3 used drugs are budesonide suspension, montelukast tablets and methylprednisolone injection for COPD inpatients in Karamay Central Hospital in 2014, while the top 3 total expenditure drugs are piperacillin-tazobactam, imipenem/cilastatin and moxifloxacin injection.
Objective To investigate constitution and costs of inpatients with circulation system diseases in Karamay Central Hospital in 2014 and provide baseline data for further evidence-based pharmacy studies of circulation system single disease. Methods The information of drug use and expenditure of circulation system diseases were collected from the hospital information system (HIS). We analyzed the data of frequency, constituent ratio and cumulative frequency by using Excel 2007 software. Results A total of 2 898 inpatients with circulation system diseases were included. The top three diseases were cerebral infarction, angina and hypertension. The cerebral infarction and coronary heart disease accounted for the largest proportion in the cost. The top one disease of total hospitalization cost, drug expense per capita and inspection cost per capita was cerebral infraction. Conclusion Based on the above results, cerebral infraction and angina were selected as the evidence-based pharmacy study goal of single disease.
Objective To investigate drug usage and costs of pneumonia inpatients in Karamay Central Hospital in 2014 and to provide baseline for evidence-based pharmacy study of single disease in respiratory system. Methods The information of drug use and expenditure of pneumonia inpatients were collected from the hospital information system (HIS). We analyzed the data including frequency, proportion and cumulative proportion by Excel 2007 software. Results A total of 309 inpatients were included, among the 78.96% were more than 60 years old. Among the antibiotics single therapy, the frequency of cefoperazone and sulbactam was the highest. Among the antibiotics combination therapy, the frequency of β-lactam antibiotics was the highest. Conclusion Pneumonia inpatients in Karamay Central Hospital are mainly older patients. The β-lactam antibiotics is used most in clinical practice.
Objective To provide references to control the cost of stroke inpatients by analysing pertinent factors of stroke inpatients. Methods According to the models of Anderson and Newnan, univariable analysis and multivariable statistical analysis were applied to a number of factors including predisposing factors, enabling factors, and needs factors in 1 969 stroke inpatients of two third level first-class hospitals in Chongqing. Results Among the 1 969 stroke inpatients, 64% had a history of hypertension, and 50% exhibited hypertension during their stay in hospital. Expenditure on medication consumed the highest costs (51%). Length of stay was the most important factor affecting inpatient expense, additional factors were number of surgical operation, nurse type, Rankin score, number of complications etc. Conclusions Complex measures focusing on hypertension to prevent and control of stroke are recommended. Reducing unnecessary stay in hospital and appropriate prescribing are important methods to reduce cost of stroke inpatients.
ObjectiveTo describe the status of epilepsy inpatients healthcare service in tertiary public hospitals in China by the data collected from the Hospital Quality Monitoring System.MethodsA population-based study was conducted with data of hospitalized patients collected from the Hospital Quality Monitoring System between 2015 and 2017. Diagnoses were identified by International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision codes for epilepsy (G40). The information of demographic characteristics, costs, payment methods, and discharge status were extracted and analyzed annually to make cross-sectional studies.ResultsA total of 329 241 hospitalized epilepsy patients from 585 tertiary public hospitals were identified. The average age of the patients was 31.74 and male patients accounted for 60.00% of the total. The proportion of patients covered by the national basic medical insurance in the three years was 50.15%, and that in the year 2015, 2016, and 2017 was 49.03%, 49.79%, and 51.80%, respectively; the proportion of patients with full self-payment was 30.40%. The average length of hospital stay was 6.65 d, the average cost for each stay was 7 985.53 yuan, the average self-payed cost for each stay was 3 979.62 yuan. In terms of the discharge way of the patients, 88.02% discharged following doctors’ advice, 0.40% were transferred to another hospital with doctors’ advice, and 6.59% discharged against doctors’ advice. The in-hospital mortality in the three years was 0.16%, and that in the year 2015, 2016, and 2017 was 0.19%, 0.16%, and 0.12%, respectively.ConclusionThe study shows that the in-hospital mortality rate of epilepsy inpatients in the tertiary public hospitals in China decreased gradually from 2015 to 2017, the coverage rate of national basic medical insurance increased year by year, and there is still room for further improvement.
Objective To investigate the medication usage in 55 children with urinary tract stones due tomelamine contaminated milk powder who were treated in West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University werecollected. Methods The hospital’s patient records for the 55 melamine poisoning cases leading to urinary tract stones.Using Assess and excel software to analyze the frequency and sum of drug use, as well the average daily costs and per capitacost for patients. Results For the 55 cases of urinary tract stones, a total of 19 categories and 117 kinds of drugs were used. It was been found that Herba Lysimachiae granules were the most used medicine. The most costly was Cefminox, and finally the drug used in the highest quantity was 0.9 percent sodium chloride injection, the drug cost distribution is unevenness.Conclusions The rationality valuation for children medication lacks of international vulgate index, methodology and needs more basic research. It is worth to study the burden of children with basic disease.
Objective To investigate drug usage and costs of inpatients with asthma in Karamay Central Hospital in 2014 and to provide baseline for evidence-based pharmacy study of single disease in respiratory system. Methods The information of drug use and expenditure of asthma inpatients were collected from the hospital information system (HIS). We analyzed the data including frequency, proportion and cumulative proportion by Excel 2007 software. Results A total of 150 asthma inpatients were included, the average age was 56.25±18.83 years old. Three kinds of the most commonly used drugs were corticosteroids, antibiotics and antiasthmatic drugs. Budesonide suspension for inhalation, moxifloxacin needle, doxofylline needle accounted for 32.84%, 31.11% and 45.31% in these three categories of drugs, respectively. Conclusion The mainly drugs for treatment of asthma inpatients in Karamay Central Hospital in 2014 are corticosteroids, antibiotics and antiasthmatic drugs. The frequency of systemic corticosteroids is too high, and the frequency of antimicrobial use is irrational, which needs further specification.
Objective To investigate drug usage and costs of children inpatients with bronchopneumonia in Karamay Central Hospital in 2014 and to provide baseline for evidence-based pharmacy study of single disease in respiratory system. Methods The information of drug use and expenditure of children inpatients with bronchopneumonia were collected from the hospital information system (HIS). We analyzed the data including frequency, proportion and cumulative proportion by Excel 2007 software. Results A total of 890 children inpatients were included, the average age was 1.00±2.17 years old. Among the antibiotics of single therapy, the frequency of amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium for injection was highest. Among the antibiotics of combination therapy, the frequency of macrolides was highest. Conclusion The mainly drugs for treatment of children inpatients with bronchopneumonia in Karamay Central Hospital in 2014 is amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium for injection.