Silent brain infarct (SBI) is frequently identified after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) when patients are screened with imaging examination. With the indication of TAVR extending to lower-risk and younger patients, attention should be paid to SBI that poses a potential long-term threat to the nervous system. This review expounds the basic information, risk factors, mechanism, possible outcomes, prognosis, and prevention of SBI, to provide a reference for the management of SBI after TAVR in clinical practice.
Atrial functional mitral regurgitation (AFMR) is characterized by left atrial enlargement, without left ventricular dilation or systolic dysfunction, and with structurally normal leaflet tissue. It predominantly occurs in patients with atrial fibrillation and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. The complex pathophysiological mechanisms involve mitral annular dilation, atriogenic leaflet tethering, and inadequate leaflet adaptation. Currently, standardized management protocols for AFMR remain lacking. Common approaches include pharmacotherapy, rhythm control, and surgical or percutaneous interventions, all requiring individualized therapeutic strategy based on etiology and clinical characteristics. This review discusses recent advances in the pathogenesis and treatment of AFMR, aiming to provide valuable insights for clinical practice and future research.