目的：分析汶川地震致脊髓损伤患者的病情特点。方法：对35例地震致脊髓损伤患者进行回顾性调查。结果：地震造成的这35例脊髓损伤患者在性别、年龄无明显差异，完全性损伤占42.86%，不完全损伤占57.14%。主要致伤原因为压榨伤（68.57%）。骨折部位依次为腰椎（57.14%）、胸椎（28.57%）、颈椎（11.43%）。受伤时体位60%为屈曲位。31.43%的完全性损伤患者由非专业救援人员救出。结论：35例患者脊髓损伤程度普遍较重，主要是与地震当时巨大冲击力有关，也与受灾现场救援条件严重受限，错过最佳治疗时机有关。现场的急救、救援方式对患者的伤情和预后有重要影响，因此需要大力宣传和普及灾害后抢救伤员的基本知识。
During transfer tasks, the dual-arm nursing-care robot require a human-robot mechanics model to determine the balance region to support the patient safely and stably. Previous studies utilized human-robot two-dimensional static equilibrium models, ignoring the human body volume and muscle torques, which decreased model accuracy and confined the robot ability to adjust the patient’s posture in three-dimensional spatial. Therefore, this study proposes a three-dimensional spatial mechanics modeling method based on individualized human musculoskeletal multibody dynamics. Firstly, based on the mechanical features of dual-arm support, this study constructed a foundational three-dimensional human-robot mechanics model including body posture, contact position and body force. With the computed tomography data from subjects, a three-dimensional femur-pelvis-sacrum model was reconstructed, and the individualized musculoskeletal dynamics was analyzed using the ergonomics software, which derived the human joint forces and completed the mechanic model. Then, this study established a dual-arm robot transfer platform to conduct subject transfer experiments, showing that the constructed mechanics model possessed higher accuracy than previous methods. In summary, this study provides a three-dimensional human-robot mechanics model adapting to individual transfers, which has potential application in various scenarios such as nursing-care and rehabilitating robots.