Objective Review the status of the direct health cost of nonsmall-cell lung cancer , and to put forward policy recommendations. Methods Database including PubMed, Cochrane Library and Chinese BioMed were searched, and studies literatures about the direct health cost of nonsmall-cell lung cancer. Results Twenty two studies were analyzed in this paper including 20 foreign studies. Normally, international researches about direct medical cost of treating the nonsmall-cell lung cancer investigate total cost from the first diagnosis until several years later. The discrepancy in the results could be explained by different payments, treatment patterns and research methods in different countries. The direct medical cost of nonsmall-cell lung cancer is expensive especially the cost of in-patient. It’s increase with the time of therapy. Most of the researches in China about direct medical cost of nonsmall-cell lung cancer focus on per in-patient fees. Conclusion Facing the increasingly heavy economic burden of nonsmall-cell lung cancer, to lower the incidence of this disease and to reduce the treatment related cost should be taken into account., the prevention of nonsmall-cell lung cancer carcinoma should be enhanced, Such as tobacco control, environment improvement, etc. A proper incentive mechanism should be established.
ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of icariin on autophagy induced by low-concentration of glucocorticoid and exosome production in bone microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs).MethodsBMECs were isolated from femoral heads resected in total hip arthroplasty and then intervened with hydrocortisone of low concentration (0, 0.03, 0.06, 0.10 mg/mL), which were set as groups A, B, C, and D, respectively. On the basis of hydrocortisone intervention, 5×10−5 mol/L of icariin was added to each group (set as groups A1, B1, C1 and D1, respectively). Western blot was used to detect the expressions of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B (LC3B) and dead bone slice 1 (p62) after 24 hours. Exosomes were extracted from BMECs treated with icariin (intervention group) and without icariin (non-intervention group), and the diameter and concentration of exosomes were evaluated by nanoparticle tracking analysis technique. The total protein content of exosomes was detected by BCA method, and the expressions of proteins carried by exosomes including CD9, CD81, transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) were assessed by Western blot. The BMECs were further divided into three groups: BMECs in the experimental group and the control group were co-cultured with exosomes secreted by BMECs treated with or without icariin, respectively; the blank control group was BMECs without exosome intervention. The three groups were treated with hydrocortisone and Western blot was used to detect the expressions of LC3B and p62. The scratching assay was used to detect cell migration ability; angiogenic ability of BMECs was also assessed.ResultsWith the increase of hydrocortisone concentration, the protein expression of LC3B-Ⅱ increased gradually, and the protein expression of p62 decreased gradually (P<0.01). Compared with group with same concentration of hydrocortisone, the protein expression of LC3B-Ⅱ decreased and the protein expression of p62 increased after the administration of icariin (P<0.01). The concentration of exosomes in the intervention group was significantly higher than that in the non-intervention group (t=−10.191, P=0.001); and there was no significant difference in exosome diameter and total protein content between the two groups (P>0.05). CD9 and CD81 proteins were highly expressed in the non-intervention group and the intervention group, and the relative expression ratios of VEGFA/CD9 and TGF-β1/CD9 proteins in the intervention group were significantly higher than those in the non-intervention group (P<0.01). After co-culture of exosomes, the protein expression of p62 increased in blank control group, control group, and experimental group, while the protein expression of LC3B-Ⅱ decreased. There were significant differences among groups (P<0.05). When treated with hydrocortisone for 12 and 24 hours, the scratch closure rate of the control group and experimental group was significantly higher than that of the blank control group (P<0.05), and the scratch closure rate of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). When treated with hydrocortisone for 4 and 8 hours, the number of lumens, number of sprouting vessels, and length of tubule branches in the experimental group and the control group were significantly greater than those in the blank control group (P<0.05); the length of tubule branches and the number of lumens in the experimental group were significantly greater than those in the control group (P<0.05).ConclusionIcariin and BMECs-derived exosomes can improve the autophagy of BMECs induced by low concentration of glucocorticoid.
目的 观察两种手术方式治疗翼状胬肉的临床效果。 方法 对2007年1月－2012年6月一般情况较好的73例单纯原发性双眼翼状胬肉患者进行了回顾性研究，比较同一患者双眼分别行翼状胬肉切除+生物羊膜移植（左眼）和翼状胬肉切除+自体角膜缘干细胞移植（右眼）手术后痊愈率、复发率及并发症。 结果 行翼状胬肉切除+自体角膜缘干细胞移植（右眼）的痊愈率达93.15%，复发率1.37%，并发症率5.48%，其痊愈率更高而复发率及并发症均更低。 结论 翼状胬肉切除+自体角膜缘干细胞移植用于治疗翼状胬肉比翼状胬肉切除+人工羊膜移植的疗效更好，值得临床推广。